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1.
The novel cyclic peptide, epichlicin, was isolated from Epichloe typhina, an endophytic fungus of the timothy plant (Phleum pretense L.). Its structure was determined by NMR studies and by mass spectrometry. Enantiomers of 3-amino tetradecanoic acid, a constituent amino acid of epichlicin, were synthesized as authentic standards. The stereochemistry of each amino acid was elucidated through a combination of the advanced Marfey method and chemical manipulation. Epichlicin showed inhibitory activity toward the spore germination of Cladosporium phlei, a pathogenic fungus of the timothy plant at an IC50 value of 22 nM.  相似文献   

2.
为测定中华羊茅内生真菌Epichloe sp.挥发性物质的抑菌活性和成分,依次采用挥发油提取器和乙酸乙酯萃取Epichloe sp.菌株的发酵产物,再采用琼脂扩散法、悬滴法和滤纸片扩散法测定其抑菌活性;基于顶空固相微萃取和气相质谱联用法分析挥发性物质成分。结果表明:挥发性物质、乙酸乙酯提取物、水相部分和发酵液可以抑制小麦根腐离蠕孢(Bipolaris sorokiniana)、新月弯孢(Curvularia lunata)和黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)菌丝生长。高浓度的挥发性物质对四种真菌孢子萌发和芽管长度抑制效果显著高于低浓度(P<0.05)。结果表明,随着挥发性物质浓度的增加对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)的抑菌作用增强,同一挥发性物质浓度对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用强于大肠杆菌。此外,从挥发性物质中鉴定出32种具有较高质谱匹配度的化合物,其中主要成分包括异山梨醇(16.26%)、甲基叔丁基醚(8.18%)、二氢甘露醇(3.75%)、羟基丙酮(2.99%)、乙酸(1.22%)、己醇(1.20%)、3-糠醛(0.92%)、5-羟甲基二氢呋喃-2-酮(0.86%)、5-羟基戊酸-2,4-二叔丁基苯酯(0.86%)和棕榈酸甲酯(0.85%)。总之,中华羊茅内生真菌Epichlosp.挥发性物质具有拮抗细菌和真菌的作用。  相似文献   

3.
从内蒙古中东部草原7个不同地理种群的羽茅Achnatherum sibiricum中分离、培养得到484株内生真菌,根据其形态学特征进行了分类学鉴定。结果表明,其中大部分菌株属于Neotyphodium内生真菌,并发现有少量Neotyphodium有性型Epichloё菌株存在。通过与已发表模式菌株的比较,鉴定其中两个种为N.chisosum和N.huerfanum。N.chisosum为羽茅内生真菌的优势种,而N.huerfanum是首次在羽茅中被发现。对其余暂未能确定种的菌株的菌落和显微形态特征进行了详细描述。不同地理种群羽茅内生真菌的分离率有自东向西增加的趋势,而内生真菌的形态多样性有自东向西减少的趋势。  相似文献   

4.
以庞泉沟自然保护区4种不同群落类型林地和灌丛下的优势禾草为研究对象,调查不同禾草内生真菌感染率,研究内生真菌感染的禾草种群与原生生境的土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性及土壤微生物群落结构的相互关系。结果发现,影响紫羊茅、中亚薹草和野燕麦染菌率的主要因子是土壤水分含量和碳氮比,且土壤C、N、S以及土壤水分含量与紫羊茅的内生真菌染菌率成正相关,土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶与紫羊茅的感染率显著正相关,但中亚薹草与紫羊茅的结果相反。丝盖伞科是华北落叶松林和油松林土壤微生物群落的优势真菌,但不同染菌植被群落类型下的优势细菌微生物群落组成不同。总体看来,4种森林群落类型下禾草内生真菌染菌率与土壤理化性质相关性不同,且受到的生态因子影响大小也有差异,内生真菌感染导致各植被群落类型的土壤微生物群落结构具有差异,其优势土壤真菌和土壤细菌组成不同,这有助于进一步认识原生生境下不同感染率的禾草种群对土壤微生物群落结构的影响及其在生态系统中的各异生态学功能。  相似文献   

5.
During flowering and fruit set of mango (Mangifera indica L.), colonisation by fungi (Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Dothiorella dominicana, Dothiorella mangiferae, Dothiorella sp., Epicoccum purpurascens and Pestalotiopsis sp.) increased as the flowers senesced and young fruit formed. In the third week after flowering, the incidence of Dothiorella dominicana and Dothiorella mangiferae associated with mango fruit-pedicel connection tissue declined coincidentally with early fruit-fall, suggesting that early infections by Dothiorella spp. may cause fruitlet abortion. Dothiorella spp. levels in fruit-pedicel connection tissue remained low for the subsequent 6 weeks, after which they increased. By 16 weeks after flowering, the incidence of Dothiorella spp., determined by isolation from fruit-pedicel connection tissue, was similar to the incidence of stem end rot caused by Dothiorella spp., which developed in fruit harvested at that time. By contrast, the frequency of detection of Dothiorella spp. in peduncle tissue peaked 11 weeks after flowering, when the levels of stem end rot developing in fruit were already similar to the levels recorded in fruit harvested at 16 weeks and later. The results suggest that in fruit and fruit-pedicel tissue, colonisation might arise from Dothiorella spp. occurring endophytically in the peduncle. The earliest indicator of stem end rot incidence at harvest was the infection level in peduncle tissue sampled 11 weeks after flowering. Early assays of peduncle tissue for Dothiorella spp. might prove useful for selecting crops with low stem end rot infection levels.  相似文献   

6.
After evaluation of the responses of bean and broad bean common cultivars against an isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-K) and Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV-K), interaction of isolates was statistically studied on co-infected plants of bean cv. Bountiful and broad bean cv. Lahijan at two trials. Based on viral relative concentration determined by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, BYMV interacts synergistically with CMV in bean at 14 days post inoculation, while in co-infection with BYMV, CMV interacts antagonistically in both host plants at least in one of the two trials. This suggests that CMV/BYMV interaction is dependent on host species and developmental stage of plant. Co-infection like single infection with CMV in bean plants led to significantly decrease in plants’ height and fresh weight than BYMV singly infected and healthy plants, while viral infection of broad bean plants did not significantly affect growth parameters. Decline effect of viral infection (especially co-infection) on chlorophyll and carotenoids value of bean plants was greater than those of broad bean. Viral infection (singly or doubly) caused irregular changes in nutrient elements values of both hosts compared with healthy ones.  相似文献   

7.
8.
  总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
We investigated whether genetic variation of a common foliar endophyte of birch trees, Venturia ditricha, is affected by environmental conditions or host genotype. Fungal samples were collected from 10 half-sibling families of mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) grown in two environmental conditions with different daily average temperatures: a forested river valley and an adjacent open tundra (altitudinal difference 180 m). Genetic analysis of V. ditricha isolates was done using random amplified microsatellite polymerase chain reaction. We found that host genotypes, along with prevailing environmental conditions, influence the probability of infection by particular endophyte genotypes. The most susceptible host genotypes were highly infected with genetically similar endophyte genotypes, whereas the most resistant trees were poorly infected and they were infected by genetically dissimilar endophytes. Our results also showed environment-host genotype interactions, suggesting that the susceptibility of the host to a particular endophyte genotype may change in natural environments when environmental conditions are changed. It appears that a particular endophyte genotype needs to find the right host genotype for a successful infection. There are many host genotypes in natural stands; this means, from the point of view of the fungus, the environment is heterogeneous. Thus, under the influence of birch tree genotypes, genetically differentiated subgroups of the endophytic fungus may be formed in different environments.  相似文献   

9.
10.
Epichloë内生真菌感染能够影响宿主植物的生长发育, 但关于内生真菌感染对宿主植物叶形状和叶面积的研究很少。该研究以羽茅(Achnatherum sibiricum)为实验材料, 采用长宽系数计算和扫描测定叶面积相结合的方法探究内生真菌种类和羽茅母本基因型对羽茅-内生真菌共生体叶形状和叶面积的影响。结果表明: 内生真菌感染与否、内生真菌种类和宿主母本基因型对反映叶形状的叶校正系数、叶片长度、宽度和长宽比均无显著影响, 经计算与验证, 确定了羽茅叶片的校正系数为0.594 9。采用该校正系数及叶长宽计算的叶面积与实测叶面积无显著差异, 且二者均未受到内生真菌感染与否、内生真菌种类或宿主植物母本基因型的显著影响。  相似文献   

11.
A destructive disease affecting tank-cultivated Ulva rigida C. Agardh. was characterized by green spots, initially located at the base of the thalli, that spread through the host thallus and gradually caused perforations of the frond. The endophytic filamentous green alga Acrochaete geniculata (Gardner) O'Kelly was identified as the causative agent of the disease. The effects of this infection on the host varied from minor injuries to gross frond destruction. Advanced stages of infection resulted in frond wrinkling and severe tissue loss. These symptoms were caused by a primary compaction of the host cells due to a direct effect of the endophyte followed by secondary bacterial infections that became part of the degradative process initiated by the algal pathogen. Co-cultivation of healthy and diseased fronds resulted in transfer of the infection within 2 weeks; however, attempts to infect the host in the laboratory with actively reproducing suspensions of the endophyte were unsuccessful.  相似文献   

12.
13.
采用RAPD技术对分离自我国的13株Epichlo?spp.和9株Neotyphodiumspp.的禾本科植物内生真菌进行了遗传多样性分析,同时对其中的4株进行了rDNA-ITS序列分析及系统发育研究。RAPD分析结果显示:原产自我国的菌株与原产自欧洲的菌株N.uncinatum之间亲缘关系较远;我国的21个菌株之间也存在一定的遗传多样性。rDNA-ITS序列分析表明:原产自我国的菌株聚为一枝,表明我国的Neotyphodium属真菌很有可能直接由我国的Epichlo?属真菌演化而来的新的类群;我国的Epichlo?属真菌有可能和国外推测的一个未确定的Neotyphodium属真菌的杂交进化起源(LAC)有关。  相似文献   

14.
了解中南大学湘雅三医院重症监护病房(ICU)医院感染阴沟肠杆菌的耐药谱及分子流行病学特征,指导临床合理用药。基因分型采用优化反应体系的随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)法,耐药分析选用K-B法。RAPD分型将28株阴沟肠杆菌分为11种株型,耐药谱则将其分为12种不同的耐药型。基因分型和耐药分析显示ICU有多重耐药的阴沟肠杆菌株爆发流行现象,它为控制阴沟肠杆菌的医院内感染、追踪传染原、切断传播途径提供遗传学信息,指导临床医生选用敏感有效的抗生素。  相似文献   

15.
Kim JJ  Kim JG  Kwon DH 《Helicobacter》2003,8(3):202-206
Antibiotic resistance among Helicobacter pylori has been increasing worldwide and has begun to affect the overall efficacy of current antibiotic regimens adversely. We examined 220 pairs of H. pylori isolates obtained from both the antrum and corpus of separate patients; 109 (50%) harbored antibiotic-resistant H. pylori: amoxicillin (0.5%), clarithromycin (5.9%), furazolidone (1.4%), metronidazole (45.5%), nitrofurantoin (1.4%), and tetracycline (6.8%). Heteroresistance among the two biopsy sites from each patient was present in 41 of the 109 patients (38%) with antibiotic resistant H. pylori (e.g. 34% with resistant strains would be misclassified as susceptible if a biopsy of the antrum alone used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing). DNA fingerprinting genotype analysis was carried out on the 41 pairs of isolates with heteroresistance. While different patients had different fingerprinting patterns, each pair of isolates showed identical or similar fingerprinting patterns. These results suggest that antibiotic-resistant H. pylori typically develop from pre-existing susceptible strain rather than coinfection with a different strain. The minor differences in genotype (degeneration of genotype) seen reflect one of the processes for development of genetic diversity in H. pylori. No biopsy single site can be considered representative for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.  相似文献   

16.
    
Decisions and disease progression prediction, understanding the distribution of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype and its association with viral load is significant for treatment. Therefore, it is of interest to document the distribution pattern of HCV genotypes and their association with viral load among HCV infected patients in Kolar, Karnataka. Seventy-four HCV-positive patients and not on antiviral therapy were enrolled from R.L. Jalappa hospital in Kolar, Karnataka. Blood samples were taken and demographics were recorded. HCV RNA was isolated after plasma was separated. qPCR was performed to measure the viral load, and RT-PCR was performed to determine the genotype. Genotype 3 was the prevalent (n=11, 40.7%) followed by genotype 4 (n=8, 29.6%), 2 (n=6, 22.2%), 1 (n= 13.7%), and mix (n=1, 13.7%). The median viral load of genotype 3 was a 2,87,835 IU/mL (IQR 10, 780-3, 71, 66) , genotype 2 was 81,030 IU/mL (IQR 66,495-95,565), genotype 4 was 43, 410 IU/mL (IQR 38, 355-48, 465) belongs to viral load less than 8,00,000 IU/mL. The median viral load genotype 3 was a 1, 05, 19, 500 IU/mL (IQR 49, 37, 250-2, 36, 71, 500), genotype 2 was 2,55,99,000 IU/mL (IQR 2,00,10,000-32,725,500), genotype 4 was 1,67,40,000 IU/mL (IQR 1,45,50,000-17,493,000) belonging to viral load more than 8,00,000 IU/mL category. A correlation between genotype and viral load was observed (p =1.5x10-12), of which genotype 3 showed a high viral load. Thus, HCV genotypes 1 2, 3, 4, and mixed genotype was observed in the patients studied. HCV genotype was associated with viral load in patient plasma. This data finds use in the treatment and prevention of hepatitis C in Kolar, Karnataka.  相似文献   

17.
水稻雄性不育系珍汕97A抽穗期的基因型分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
罗林广  翟虎渠  万建民 《遗传学报》2001,28(11):1019-1027
水稻雄性不育系珍汕97A是我国应用最大,使用最广泛的不育系,利用抽穗期基因型明确的秋光(e1e1e2e2e3e3se-1^eSe-1^e),越光(E1E1E2E2e3e3Se-1^eSe-1^e),日本晴(E1E1e2e2e3e3Se-1Se-1)和日光(E1E1E2E2e3e3Se-1Se-1)作测验品种,分析了水稻珍汕97B的抽穗期基因型,结果表明,珍汕97B的抽穗期感光基因型为:e1e1e2e2E3E3Se-1Se-1,同时还存在1对隐性感光抑制基因i-Se-1,进一步用QTL近等基因系NIL(Hd1),HIL(Hd2),NIL(Hd3),NIL(Hd5)和NIL(Hd6)进行的实验也验证了珍汕]97B 在1个显性的主效感光基因Se-1,以及其他感光修饰基因,如E3,Hd3(En-Se-1),Hd5和Hd6的基因的作用。因此,推测珍汕97A带有主效感光基因是其配制的灿型杂交稻抽穗期超亲表现的内因。  相似文献   

18.
19.
    
Lifetable demography and reproductive traits of a Kenyan strain of the rotifer Brachionus angularis were investigated using individual and small batch culture approaches. The rotifer was identified morphologically before conducting studies at 20, 25 and 30 °C, using Chlorella vulgaris at 2.5 × 105 to 2.5 × 107 cells ml–1. The rotifers were highly fecund, producing 2.11 ± 0.07 offspring female–1 day–1 and reproductive, producing 8.43 ± 0.24 offspring female–1 at 25 °C with 2.5 × 106 algal cells ml–1. The highest intrinsic rate of natural increase (0.74 ± 0.02 d–1), specific population growth rate (0.49 ± 0.01), longest life expectancy at hatching (12.41 ± 0.28 d) and shortest generation time (2.87 ± 0.03 d) also occurred at 25 °C with 2.5 × 106 algal cells ml–1. The duration of hatching to first spawning was shortest (2.86 ± 0.21 h) at 30 °C with 2.5 × 107 algal cells ml–1 and longest (8.83 ± 0.39 h) at 20 °C with 2.5 × 105 algal cells ml–1. The highest population density (255.7 ± 12.6 ind. ml–1) was realised at 25 °C with 2.5 × 106 cells ml–1 on Day 8, whereas the lowest population density (122.0 ± 3.6 ind. ml–1) was realised at 20 °C with 2.5 × 105 cells ml–1 on Day 8. The lorica length and width of the Kenyan strain of B. angularis are 85.6 ± 3.1 µm and 75.4 ± 3.6 µm, respectively. The rotifer optimally reproduces at 25 °C when fed with 2.5 × 106 algal cells ml–1.  相似文献   

20.
Fusarium verticillioides is an important fungus occupying dual roles in the maize plant. The fungus functions as an endophyte, a fungal/host interaction beneficial to the growth of some plants. At other times, the fungus may function as a mycotoxin producing pathogen. The advantages and/or disadvantages of the endophytic relationship must be established in order to target appropriate sites for controlling diseases and mycotoxins in maize. One possibility could be to ensure seed maize is fungal free prior to planting. Reciprocal inoculations were made with two fungal isolates on seed of two maize genotypes. Yield was measured at harvest by ear and seed characters and vegetative growth at one-month intervals for plant survival, height, weight and stem diameter. Yield and vegetative growth differed among mature plants only once based on seed inoculation status. In 1998, plant weight was reduced and seed weight per ear was increased for the dent maize, GT-MAS: gk, grown from F. verticillioides RRC 374- inoculated seed compared to other seed treatments. Most vegetative characters were reduced at the first collection for Silver Queen plants grown from F. verticillioides-inoculated seed in 1997 and 1999, but not in 1998. However, no significant differences occurred among mature Silver Queen plants during any of the three growing seasons. In conclusion, yield and vegetative growth of mature maize plants grown from F. verticillioides-inoculated seed were equal to or greater than plants grown from non-inoculated seed under south Georgia field conditions during 1997, 1998, and 1999.  相似文献   

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