城市小型公园绿地使用的影响因素——成都实例研究

城市公园绿地是一种重要的健康资源,其健康促进作用的发挥与使用行为密切相关。以成都市中心区小游园为案例,定量分析了高密度城市背景下小游园的使用行为及其影响因素和影响机制。描述性分析结果显示,小游园相对于大型综合公园更易被人们在日常生活中就近使用。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、教育水平、收入水平、是否有孩（家中是否有学龄前儿童,简称是否有孩）和使用距离与使用频率之间具有显著联系;年龄、性别或收入水平对使用动机的影响具有较大差异。进一步讨论表明,较之于使用距离,社会人口因素塑造下的使用动机对使用频率的影响更为显著。最后尝试提出了若干旨在响应使用动机的规划设计建议。     

‘Anthropologists Are Talking’ About Anthropology After Globalisation

Laughing and humour are of great importance to most people in their everyday life and these phenomena have attracted attention from many social thinkers. It has been noted that laughter often is provoked by something that is considered to be absurd and paradoxical. This essay focuses specifically on the meaning of laughter among Matsigenka people of the Peruvian Amazon. The paper discusses how absurdity is employed within narrative genres as a structuring principle within the specific ethos that is predominant among this people and how it serves to generate and manifest conviviality.     

基于公共安全的城市广场步行空间景观设计研究—以重庆市三峡广场为例

物质空间和人口的高密度发展促进城市快速发展,广场的更新速度与城市发展不同步,步行空间安全系数降低,安全事故发生的概率增大,公共景观作为广场步行空间的构成要素影响步行空间的安全。以重庆市三峡广场为研究对象,基于层次分析法—模糊综合评价法从绿化、道路、水景设计以及景观小品等方面开展景观安全评价,明确景观安全性设计的重点,发现其存在的安全隐患,实现安全评价定性分析与定量计算的有机结合,为广场步行空间公共景观安全性设计与评价提供参考。     

Online mediations in transnational spaces: cosmopolitan (re)formations of belonging and identity in the Turkish diaspora

Abstract

The lives of transnational groups and individuals are marked by a spatial and imaginary split: a phenomenon wherein identity, belonging and representation have become increasingly elusive concepts, and the realm of the ‘cultural’ vastly important. And, the theoretical compasses of cosmopolitanism and transnationalism are particularly relevant and illuminating in considering social space, mediated communication and belonging in relation to urban diasporic communities and gendered subjectivities. The aim of this paper is to address expressions of identity and belonging at the intersection of online communicative practice and offline spatial formations, with a focus on the specificities of gendered constructions of sociality and subjectivity in the diaspora.     

Matsigenka myth and morality: Notions of the social and the asocial

This paper explores Matsigenka notions of morality as evidenced in central mythological texts. The focus is on myth since, it is argued, myths provide a means whereby fundamental conditions of everyday life as conceptualized by their conventional audience can be understood and interpreted. Although myth does not provide a uniformly accepted cultural blueprint of social reality, a certain intersubjective consonance is to be expected. It is argued that to the Matsigenka morality is primarily a means to maintain conditions of conviviality. Matsigenka moral considerations are thus context‐dependent and can only be reflected upon casuistically.     

Introduction: Re-thinking Ethnic and Racial Studies

The changing boundaries of the study of ethnicity and race have been the subject of much debate in recent years. New theoretical debates have come to the fore and empirical research has broached new questions. Taking its cue from the wide range of themes covered in this special issue, this article seeks to map out some of the key areas in which this transformation has become apparent and to highlight the implications for ethnic and race relations as a field of study. In doing so it engages with some of the key questions that run through the whole of this special issue, including the relationship between race, power and politics, identity and difference and the politics of multiculturalism. It concludes by touching on some issues that need further research and analysis.     

De-naturalizing the national in research methodologies: key concepts of transnational studies in migration

Abstract

Building on the transnational approach to migration, this introduction outlines some elements of the programme of an emergent methodological transnationalism. This effort aims to de-naturalize the concept of the national within migration studies. First, the analysis identifies methodological challenges of migration studies, such as contextualization, the ethnic lens and the essentializing view on ethnicity. Second, it indicates the relevant conceptual elements which deal with these methodological challenges, such as the critique of methodological nationalism, cosmopolitanism and the relational concept of space. Third, it addresses the relevant methods, such as multi-sited ethnography, the mobile methods approach, as well as researchers' positionality and strategies of de-ethnicization, all of which correspond to the new epistemology of migration studies. Finally, it highlights the common characteristics of the contributions to this special issue, which go beyond the normative view of cross-border migration.     

Plural cities in comparative perspective

Adopting a comparative perspective, the article focuses on ethnically heterogeneous cities as sites shaped by political economy, and asks whether varieties of the plural city can be mapped against varieties of polity. Four ideotypical configurations of city, society and polity (preindustrial-patrimonial, colonial, modern-industrial-capitalist, neoliberal-postmodern-global) are discussed in terms of their modalities of ethnicity. In preindustrial-patrimonial cities, rulers were concerned less with the ethnicity of subordinate minority populations than their ability to render tribute, taxes and labour. The colonial city was grounded in the differentiation of the population in terms of supposed 'racial' distinctions. Modern-industrial-capitalist cities sought the cultural and linguistic homogeneity of their immigrant populations through assimilation, or, where certain groups ('races') were thought unassimilable, through exclusion. In the late twentieth century such cities have shifted towards postindustrial and postmodern forms of sociality in a globalized, transnational, world espousing neoliberal economic and social policies and contested forms of 'multiculturalism'.     

Decolonizing conviviality and ‘becoming ordinary’: cross-cultural face-to-face encounters in Aotearoa New Zealand

This paper explores convivial culture in a settler society. The paper draws on interview data from ethnographic research exploring how Māori and Pākehā worked together on a building project in a rural community. Both Māori and Pākehā participants reported their pleasure in engagements with each other that centred on Māori tikanga (protocols). In these encounters, Māori ‘difference’ was the catalyst for the development of new, convivial relationships. The paper argues that such everyday conviviality contributes to the process of decolonizing Māori–Pākehā relations at the level of everyday life. Through decolonizing conviviality Pakehā ‘become ordinary’ in Māori cultural contexts, and are offered the opportunity to come to understand themselves as embedded in colonial relationalities. Crucial to the development of such conviviality is the opportunity for face-to-face, embodied encounters with Māori in contexts where Māori cultural difference matters.     

Representing Culture in Malaysian Cultural Theme Parks: Tensions and Contradictions

Cultural representation is nowhere more significant than in multi-cultural countries, where the mode of representation is instrumental in determining the progress of integration. Ultimately, in the Malaysian context this reflects on the success of, and is intrinsically linked to, the affirmative action policies that benefit the majority Malays. This paper highlights the representation of culture through the medium of three cultural theme parks in Peninsular Malaysia, built to promote ‘unity through diversity’ and a re-imaging of the past traditions and mythical landscape of this Southeast Asian economic powerhouse. A central aim is to bring together and make sense of how the notions of nostalgia, nationalism and economic success in cultural tourism all come to bear on representations in cultural theme parks.     

Is multiculturalism the solution?

As far as multiculturalism is at stake, three kinds of question arise at the more or less confusing meeting point of sociology, political science and political philosophy: What are the sources and meanings of cultural difference in our societies? In what way do institutions and policy-makers in some countries deal with multiculturalism? Why should we favour or not favour multiculturalism? This article tackles these questions in turn and seeks to answer them. Cultural differences are not only reproduced, they are in the constant process of being produced which means that fragmentation and recomposition are a permanent probability. In such a situation, the problem is how to broaden democracy in order to avoid at one and the same time the tyranny of the majority and the tyranny of the minorities.     

The taxonomy and biogeography of the Cladocera

For a variety of reasons, including the analysis of a number of taxa having the same names on different continents, we have concluded overwhelmingly that the chydorid Cladocera are not cosmopolitan in distribution but instead are restricted to smaller regions by their specific ecological requirements for habitat type and also by long-term events in earth history. Recent study ofChydorus faviformis and species resembling it indicates there has been no effective exchange of genetic material between North America and South America, nor between Australia and Asia, nor even between China, Malaysia, and India in southern Asia. Moreover, the patterns of distribution are even narrower than this, as in North America, for example, taxa having the same names in the southern states as in the northern states are differentiated at the species level in some instances, possibly in most. Southern species push northward along the Atlantic Coast for varying distances, one species having reached Nova Scotia and Newfoundland probably during the warm interval in mid-Postglacial time. Thus, when species are studied closely to define their morphological limits, cosmopolitanism disappears, and patterns of distribution emerge that are very similar to those of other animals and plants. The ‘species’ that have been claimed to be cosmopolitan are being shown to be groups or complexes of morphologically similar species instead, each member species of which has a much more restricted distribution than the group or complex as a whole. To explain how the different continents can have such similar lists of ‘species’ without intercontinental dispersal of resting eggs occurring almost continuously, we are suggesting plate tectonics and the drifting of continents, either apart or together.