丝裂素活化的蛋白激酶在双歧杆菌预防大肠癌中的作用

目的:从信号转导这一层次探索双歧杆菌预防大肠癌生长的机制.方法:以大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤为动物模型,预先用青春型双歧杆菌注射于裸鼠腹腔,然后以激光共聚焦显微镜检测大肠癌移植瘤组织丝裂素活化的蛋白激酶(MAPK)家系中的ERK1/2、JNK和p38的含量.结果:双歧杆菌预防组大肠癌组织ERK1/2的平均荧光强度明显低于肿瘤对照组(P＜0.01),而JNK和p38的平均荧光强度在两组间差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:青春型双歧杆菌通过抑制ERK1/2的活化来预防大肠癌的生长.     

激活蛋白1在双歧杆菌预防大肠癌生长中的作用

目的 :探索青春型双歧杆菌体内预防大肠癌的机制。方法 :首先建立大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤动物模型 ,将实验动物分为双歧杆菌预防组和肿瘤对照组 ,以激光共聚焦显微镜定量检测了大肠癌组织激活蛋白1(AP-1)中的 c-fos和 c-jun的含量。结果 :双歧杆菌预防组大肠癌移植瘤 c-jun和 c-fos的含量均明显低于肿瘤对照组 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :青春型双歧杆菌可通过降低大肠癌移植瘤组织 AP-1中的 c-jun和 c-fos的表达这一途径来预防大肠癌的生长     

蛋白激酶C在双歧杆菌预防大肠癌生长中的作用

目的:从信号分子蛋白激酶C(PKC)这一角度探索青春型双歧杆菌预防大肠癌生长的途径.方法:建立大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,用激光共聚焦显微镜测定大肠癌组织PKC α、βⅠ、βⅡ、γ、ε和ζ的含量.结果:荷瘤鼠经双歧杆菌预先处理后,其大肠癌组织PKC α和βⅡ的平均荧光强度明显低于肿瘤对照组(P＜0.01),而PKC βⅠ、γ、ε和ζ的平均荧光强度在两组间差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:青春型双歧杆菌体内可通过降低PKCα、βⅡ的活性来预防大肠癌的生长.     

双歧杆菌预防大肠癌生长的凋亡途径

目的探索青春型双歧杆菌预防大肠癌生长有凋亡的途径。方法首先建立大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤动物模型,然后以免疫组化法检测大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤组织caspase-3基因的蛋白表达水平。结果双歧杆菌预防组大肠癌Caspase-3的阳性细胞密度以及表达率明显高于肿瘤对照组（P〈0.01）。结论青春型双歧杆菌可通过上调caspase-3基因的蛋白表达来预防大肠癌的生长。     

血管形成在双歧杆菌预防大肠癌生长中的作用

目的 从血管形成角度探索青春型双歧杆菌预防大肠癌生长的途径。方法 建立大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,以免疫组化法检测大肠癌组织血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的蛋白表达水平及其微血管密度（MVD）。结果 双歧杆菌预防组大肠癌VEGF的阳性细胞密度及MVD的数量均明显低于肿瘤对照组（P〈0．01）。结论 青春型双歧杆菌能下调大肠癌VEGF的表达,进而抑制其血管形成,这可能是它预防大肠癌生长的途径之一。     

双歧杆菌对实验性大肠癌诱导型一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

目的:用免疫组化法观察大肠癌移植瘤诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的表达。方法:以大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤为动物模型,将青春型双歧杆菌注射于裸鼠腹腔。结果:显示双歧杆菌注射组大肠癌移植瘤iNOS的表达率、表达强度和阳性细胞数量均显著高于肿瘤对照组(P<0.01)。结论:青春型双歧杆菌能增强大肠癌移植瘤iNOS的蛋白表达水平。它的表达可能介导了双歧杆菌诱导大肠癌移植瘤细胞的凋亡。     

双歧杆菌对实验性大肠癌PCNA和bcl-2表达的影响

目的：观察青春型双歧杆菌对大肠癌移植瘤增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）和ｂｃｌ－２基因蛋白表达水平的影响。方法：以大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤为动物模型,用免疫组化法。结果：显示双歧杆菌注射组大肠癌移植瘤ＰＣＮＡ阳性细胞密度以及ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达率、表达强度、阳性细胞密度均显著低于肿瘤对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：青春型双歧杆菌能明显降低大肠癌的增殖活性,同时使其ｂｃｌ－２基因的表达下调。     

双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖对实验性大肠癌NF-κB和IκB α的影响

目的 :探索分叉双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖 (WPG)的体内抑瘤途径。方法 :以激光共聚焦显微镜和免疫组化检测了大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤IκBα的含量以及NF κB的活化状况。结果 :大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤经WPG处理后 ,其IκBα的平均荧光强度明显高于肿瘤对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;而NF κB的活化状态则相反 ,WPG注射组大肠癌NF κB的阳性细胞密度显著低于肿瘤对照组 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :分叉双歧杆菌的WPG体内能明显抑制大肠癌IκBα的降解 ,最终阻抑NF κB的活化。     

青春型双歧杆菌生态制品对小鼠肝癌抑制作用的初步研究

本文观察了青春型双歧杆菌(Bif.a)对小鼠肝癌移植瘤的抑制作用。结果发现,青春型双歧杆菌在瘤细胞移植前或移植后应用均显示了抑制肿瘤生长的作用。将青春型双歧杆菌注入肤腔可激活肤腔巨噬细胞,提高其吞噬功能和非特异性酯酶活性,而加入体外培养的小鼠肝癌细胞未显示有杀伤瘤细胞作用。认为青春型双歧杆菌的抑瘤作用可能是该菌刺激了宿主的免疫活性细胞杀伤了瘤细胞,而非直接杀伤作用。     

双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸对NF-κB在结肠癌细胞中表达的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸（LTA）对NF-κB在结肠癌细胞HCT-116中表达的影响。方法采用免疫细胞化学染色、PAGE及Western blot等,分析经双歧杆菌LTA处理前后,NF-κB蛋白在结肠癌细胞HCT-116中表达的差异。结果经LTA处理后,NF-κB在HCT-116细胞中的表达明显降低,且呈剂量依赖性。结论双歧杆菌LTA可下调NF-κB的表达,对了解LTA诱导HCT-116细胞凋亡的机制提供了一定的实验依据。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism