红拟石首鱼海豚链球菌分离、鉴定及致病性研究

2001年9月-12月,浙江舟山部分网箱养殖红拟石首鱼发生了陆续死鱼,发病鱼表现为眼球突出、浑浊,失去方向性,皮肤溃疡等症状。从病鱼的肾脏和肝脏中分离到菌株SO-2和SO-3,对两分离株进行了致病性试验,发现两者对红拟石首鱼、罗非鱼及小白鼠均有致病力,SO-2和SO-3对红拟石首鱼、罗非鱼及小白鼠的LD50分别为4.8×108CFU/尾和1.9×107CFU/尾2、.8×108CFU/尾和8.3×107CFU/尾及9.6×106CFU/只和4.2×106CFU/只,试验感染鱼出现眼球突出、浑浊及失去方向性等与自然发病相似症状,确定该两株菌为致病菌。两分离株为革兰氏染色阳性,呈链状球菌,β溶血,10℃生长,45℃不生长;接触酶阴性,水解七叶灵、精氨酸;VP试验、脲酶和马脲酸试验阴性,发酵葡萄糖、水杨苷、蔗糖和淀粉,不发醇阿拉伯糖、菊糖、乳糖、蜜二糖、棉子糖和山梨醇。分离株对氨卞青霉素、万古霉素和先锋Ⅴ等高度敏感,对庆大霉素、复方新诺明、林可霉素、氟哌酸等不敏感。应用16SrRNA基因进行的菌株PCR鉴定,确定该两株菌为海豚链球菌。       

4株具有荚膜的白假丝酵母菌的分离与鉴定

取临床标本（性病门诊病人阴道分泌物）直接涂片染色镜检及用沙保氏琼脂平板分离培养、作涂片革兰染色镜检、出芽试验、厚膜孢子形成试验、糖发酵试验等鉴定菌种;小白鼠与家兔试验、荚膜肿胀试验、透射电镜等观察荚膜,观察白假丝酵母菌临床分离菌株（C1-1、C1-2、C1-3、C1-4）的荚膜结构并探讨其形成条件。结果显示：（1）C1-1、C1-2、C1-3、C1-4四株临床分离菌株均为革兰阳性、念珠状菌;能形成芽管、假菌丝、厚膜孢子;能发酵葡萄糖和麦芽糖产酸又产气;发酵蔗糖产酸不产气;不发酵乳糖。（2）在感染小白鼠及家兔体内均可形成荚膜,荚膜层的厚度可因不同环境而有显著差异（P〈0．01或〈0．05）,边界明显;荚膜肿胀试验阳性。4株临床分离菌株均可被鉴定为具有荚膜的白假丝酵母菌。     

株具有荚膜的白假丝酵母菌的分离与鉴定*

取临床标本(性病门诊病人阴道分泌物)直接涂片染色镜检及用沙保氏琼脂平板分离培养、作涂片革兰染色镜检、出芽试验、厚膜孢子形成试验、糖发酵试验等鉴定菌种;小白鼠与家兔试验、荚膜肿胀试验、透射电镜等观察荚膜,观察白假丝酵母菌临床分离菌株(C1-1、C1-2、C1-3、C1-4)的荚膜结构并探讨其形成条件。结果显示:(1)C1-1、C1-2、C1-3、C1-4四株临床分离菌株均为革兰阳性、念珠状菌;能形成芽管、假菌丝、厚膜孢子;能发酵葡萄糖和麦芽糖产酸又产气;发酵蔗糖产酸不产气;不发酵乳糖。(2)在感染小白鼠及家兔体内均可形成荚膜,荚膜层的厚度可因不同环境而有显著差异(P<0·01或<0·05),边界明显;荚膜肿胀试验阳性。4株临床分离菌株均可被鉴定为具有荚膜的白假丝酵母菌。     

高效产氢菌株Enterococcus sp. LG1的分离及产氢特性

采用Hungate厌氧培养技术分别从厌氧污泥、好氧污泥及河底泥中分离出12株厌氧产氢细菌,并对其中的Enterococcus sp.LG1(注册号:EU258743)进行了研究.结果表明,该株细菌为专性厌氧菌,经革兰氏染色结果为阴性.通过16S rDNA碱基测序和比对证实,该菌株是目前尚未报道过的1个新菌种,初步确定其细菌学上的分类地位.同时,以灭菌预处理的污泥为底物培养基,对该菌的产氢能力及污泥发酵过程中底物性质变化(SCOD、可溶性蛋白质、总糖和pH值等)进行了探讨.实验结果显示,产氢茵Enterococcus sp.LG1的发酵过程中只有H2和CO2产生,无CH4产生.产气量最高为36.48 mL/g TCOD,氢气含量高达73.5%,为已报道文献中以污泥为底物发酵制氢中之最高.根据污泥发酵产物分析得知,该菌的发酵类行为典型的丁酸型发酵.     

沙棘果酒酿造中优良酵母菌的筛选及鉴定

从成熟的沙棘果皮中筛选得到9株酵母茵,通过产气性能、产酒精能力和发酵力测试试验及对发酵所得的沙棘果酒的感官评价,选出R1为最佳的沙棘果酒酿酒用茵株.该茵株适合在酸度较高的沙棘果汁中进行正常的酒精发酵,起酵快、发酵能力强,发酵所得沙棘果酒品质优,而且酒体澄清透明、色泽红润,具有沙棘果酒的典型风味,适用于果酒生产以及下一步...     

EZAL-MY96乳酸菌种菌株分离鉴定

目的：对引进法国罗地亚EZAL-MY96直投式酸奶发酵剂(DVS)进行菌株分离鉴定。方法：利用半选择性培养基进行发酵剂菌株分离,并采用糖发酵实验和RAPD指纹图谱进行鉴定。结果：EZAL-MY96中球菌的平板菌落与光镜显微观察、糖发酵实验和RAPD指纹图谱均只有1种情况,而杆菌均有2种情况。结论：从EZAL-MY96菌种中共分离到3株菌,其中1株鉴定为嗜热链球菌,1株为德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种,另1株为未知的乳杆菌。     

养殖牡蛎体内检出坎氏弧菌的鉴定

2 0 0 3年 9月从福建近海养殖太平洋牡蛎 (Crassostreagigas)体内分离出 4株细菌 ,对它们形态、生理生化特征、盐度、温度和pH生长条件以及 16SrRNA基因序列进行了研究。结果表明 ,4株细菌均为革兰氏阴性杆菌 ,具极生单鞭毛 ,发酵葡萄糖产酸不产气 ,氧化酶阳性 ,生长需NaCl,无色素 ,不发光 ,在TCBS平板上形成中等大小圆形绿色菌落 ,对弧菌抑制剂O 12 9敏感 ,具有弧菌属的典型特征。结合 16SrRNA基因序列分析结果 ,该菌 (编号SXS1)与坎氏弧菌的亲缘关系最为接近 ,其同源性达 99 .0 % ,因此将该菌鉴定为坎氏弧菌。对该菌在环境中的分布与水产养殖动物疾病的关系进行了讨论。     

产Epothilone B纤维堆囊菌的选育与发酵优化

目的:获得高产Epothilone B菌株和最佳营养条件及发酵条件。方法:采用紫外线照射的方法对实验室保存的1株纤纤堆囊菌AHB125进行诱变处理,并采用单因素和正交实验优化培养基中的碳源、氮源和发酵条件。结果:经诱变后获得1株遗传性能稳定变异菌株(SC4-56),Epothilone B产量为14.6mg/L,比初始菌株高195%;该菌株最佳碳源和氮源为6%玉米淀粉和3%蛋白胨,产量分别为20.5和21.8 mg/L;最佳发酵条件为:转速160r/min,温度32℃,接种量8%(V/V),装液量90 mL/500mL,优化后经验证实验,Epothilone B达28.24 mg/L。结论:获得了1株高产量变异菌株,并确定了最佳生产条件。     

二龄草鱼肠炎病发病机理

本文通过对患肠炎病的二龄草鱼病鱼和正常草鱼的肠道及血液中的产气单胞菌(Aeromonas)的数量和毒力的比较,病鱼肠道、血液和其他内脏中的产气单胞菌所出现比率的调查,不同水温对该菌致病力的影响和用菌体提取液接种鱼体,以及用鲎试剂(鲎变形细胞溶解物Tachypleus Amebocyte Lysate“TAL”)对病鱼和正常鱼体内的内毒素进行测定等一系列的试验和观察,从而推断出二龄草鱼细菌性肠炎病的发病机理。     

短乳杆菌与植物乳杆菌的发酵特性

【背景】目前对于酸菜发酵的研究主要关注点是植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),有关短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)在酸菜方面的研究报道很少。【目的】为了挖掘短乳杆菌的发酵性能并开发酸菜发酵剂,将2株短乳杆菌分别与1株植物乳杆菌进行组合并发酵酸菜,分析短乳杆菌对酸菜发酵品质的影响。【方法】分别测定短乳杆菌与植物乳杆菌的单菌株生长产酸性能、耐酸性及亚硝酸盐降解力,并将两菌种组合后发酵酸菜,分析1-7d内酸度、乳酸菌活菌数、亚硝酸盐含量及酸菜质构特性的变化趋势。【结果】相较于短乳杆菌Lb-9-2,短乳杆菌Lb-5-3的生长和产酸速率较慢、酸耐受力较弱,但其亚硝酸盐降解力较强。两株短乳杆菌分别与植物乳杆菌Lp-9-1组合后产酸力显著增强,并在3 d时达到最低pH值(约3.10);植物乳杆菌Lp-9-1的添加使酸菜中总体乳酸菌生长延迟,在5 d时达到最高活菌数;组合菌种的样品中亚硝酸盐含量在1-7 d内变化较为平缓,前5天内两个组合之间差异不显著;接种乳酸菌会降低酸菜硬度和弹性,发酵3d时Lb-5-3/Lp-9-1组合的硬度最大,感官评价得分最高。【...     

The roles of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors in the chronotropic responses to norepinephrine in carp heart (Cyprinus carpio)

1. The chronotropic effect of norepinephrine was studied in isolated spontaneously beating atrial preparations of carp (Cyprinus carpio) heart. 2. Norepinephrine, 0.1 microM, caused a positive chronotropic effect, while at 1 microM it caused either a positive or a negative chronotropic effect. The positive chronotropic effect, observed in 13 preparations, was potentiated by phentolamine and almost completely blocked by propranolol. 3. The negative chronotropic effect observed in the other 5 preparations was greater in the presence of propranolol, reduced by phentolamine and not affected by atropine. 4. These results indicate that alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors may coexist, mediating the negative and positive chronotropic effects, respectively, in isolated atrial preparations of carp heart.     

Fermentative capacity in high-cell-density fed-batch cultures of baker's yeast

High-cell-density fed-batch processes for bakers' yeast production will involve a low-average-specific growth rate due to the limited oxygen-transfer capacity of industrial bioreactors. The relationship between specific growth rate and fermentative capacity was investigated in aerobic, sucrose-limited fed-batch cultures of an industrial bakers' yeast strain. Using a defined mineral medium, biomass concentrations of 130 g dry weight/L were reproducibly attained. After an initial exponential-feed phase (mu = 0.18 h(-1)), oxygen-transfer limitation necessitated a gradual decrease of the specific growth rate to ca. 0.01 h(-1). Throughout fed-batch cultivation, sugar metabolism was fully respiratory, with a biomass yield of 0.5 g biomass/g sucrose(-1). Fermentative capacity (assayed off-line as ethanol production rate under anaerobic conditions with excess glucose) showed a strong positive correlation with specific growth rate. The fermentative capacity observed at the end of the process (mu = 0.01 h(-1)) was only half that observed during the exponential-feed phase (mu = 0.18 h(-1)). During fed-batch cultivation, activities of glycolytic enzymes, pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase in cell extracts did not exhibit marked changes. This suggests that changes of fermentative capacity during fed-batch cultivation were not primarily caused by regulation of the synthesis of glycolytic enzymes.     

Histamine directly acts on beta-adrenoceptors as well as H1-histaminergic receptors, and causes positive inotropic effects in isolated ventricular muscles of carp heart (Cyprinus carpio)

1. The mechanism for positive and negative inotropic effects of histamine was studied in electrically stimulated ventricular strips of carp heart. 2. A high concentration of histamine (1 mM) caused a transient negative, and subsequent positive inotropic effects. The positive effect was significantly reduced by pyrilamine, diphenhydramine or dl-propranolol, but was not affected by cimetidine or d-propranolol. 3. Prior treatment with reserpine significantly decreased epinephrine and norepinephrine contents in ventricular muscles, and also almost completely abolished the positive inotropic effect caused by tyramine; however, this treatment failed to affect the positive inotropic effect of histamine. 4. The transient negative inotropic effect was reduced by neither atropine, diphenhydramine, pyrilamine nor cimetidine, and potentiated by pyrilamine. 5. These results suggest that the positive inotropic effect of histamine observed in the ventricular muscle of carp heart is mediated by a direct stimulation of both H1-receptors and beta-adrenoceptors. The negative inotropic effect is unrelated to either cholinergic or histaminergic receptor stimulation.     

Seasonal variations in the content of catecholamines in carp heart (Cyprinus carpio)

1. Seasonal changes in epinephrine and norepinephrine contents were demonstrated in ventricular muscle tissues of carp heart. 2. Patterns of changes in epinephrine and norepinephrine contents were similar; high during late spring-to-summer and low in winter; however, the fluctuation in epinephrine content was greater than that of norepinephrine. 3. Tyramine caused a positive inotropic effect in isolated electrically-stimulated ventricular muscles of carp heart. The inotropic effect was totally blocked by reserpine, reduced by propranolol, but not altered by atenolol. 4. These results suggest that the catecholamines released from sympathetic nerve terminals may contribute to the regulation of the seasonal change in the function of cardiac muscles in the carp.     

Cytoplasmic protein vaccine against bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia (Aeromonosis) of fish

Water-soluble proteins fromAeromonas sobria, a causative agent of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia of fish, were separated into six fractions by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-100. Injections of fraction II (67 kDa) provided the highest protection of carp against the disease. Injections of proteins contained in fraction II caused stronger effects on certain biochemical parameters in the fish liver (fatty acids of phospholipids and cathepsin B and D activities) in comparison to infections of the live culture.     

Quantitative and qualitative assessment of serum- and inflammatory mediator-induced migration of carp (Cyprinus carpio) head kidney neutrophils in vitro

A quantitative transmigration system, permitting the harvest of transmigrated cells for further analysis, was used to study carp head kidney (HK) granulocyte migration in vitro. Pooled carp serum and leukotriene B4 (LTB-4), but not recombinant human C-X-C chemokine ligand 8 (rhCXCL8), recombinant human complement component 5a (rhC5a) or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) induced strong migration (up to 70%) of carp HK granulocytes. The transmigrated cells were viable (>or=96%) and uniform (purity >or=97%). After serum- as well as LTB-4-induced transmigration granulocytes produced the same amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as non-migrated cells in HK cell suspension. Their morphology, staining characteristics and flow cytometric scatter characteristics, plus their ability to produce ROS characterised the transmigrated granulocytes as neutrophils. The quantitative transmigration system described here could also serve as an excellent tool for the selective attraction and isolation of highly purified carp neutrophils from HK cell suspensions.     

ACE2 and FZD1 are prognosis markers in squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of gallbladder

The clinicopathological characteristics of squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinoma (SC/ASC) of the gallbladder have not been well documented, and no prognosis marker has been identified because of the rare occurrence of this gallbladder cancer subtype. In this study, we examined ACE2 and FZD1 expression in 46 SC/ASCs and 80 adenocarcinomas using immunohistochemistry and further analyzed their correlations with clinicopathological characteristics. We demonstrated that positive FZD1 and negative ACE2 expression were significantly associated with large tumor size, high TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and invasion of SC/ASC and AC. Univariate Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that positive FZD1 and negative ACE2 expression as well as differentiation, tumor size, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, invasion, and surgical curability were closely associated with decreased overall survival in both SC/ASC (p < 0.001) and AC (p < 0.001) patients. The average survival time in SC/ASC and AC patients with FZD1^?ACE2⁺ expression was significantly longer than that in patients with FZD1⁺ACE2^? or FZD1⁺ACE2⁺ (p < 0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that positive FZD1 and negative ACE2 expression are independent poor-prognostic factors for both SC/ASC and AC patients. In addition, FZD1 expression positively, but ACE2 expression negatively correlated with the expression of CA19-9 in SC/ASC and AC. Our study suggested that positive FZD1 and negative ACE2 expression are closely related to the expression of CA19-9; clinical, pathological, and biological behaviors; as well as poor-prognosis of gallbladder cancer.     

Prediction and Control of Brucellosis Transmission of Dairy Cattle in Zhejiang Province,China

Brucellosis is a bacterial disease caused by brucella; mainly spread by direct contact transmission through the brucella carriers, or indirect contact transmission by the environment containing large quantities of bacteria discharged by the infected individuals. At the beginning of 21st century, the epidemic among dairy cows in Zhejiang province, began to come back and has become a localized prevalent epidemic. Combining the pathology of brucellosis, the reported positive data characteristics, and the feeding method in Zhejiang province, this paper establishes an dynamic model to excavate the internal transmission dynamics, fit the real disease situation, predict brucellosis tendency and assess control measures in dairy cows. By careful analysis, we give some quantitative results as follows. (1) The external input of dairy cows from northern areas may lead to high fluctuation of the number of the infectious cows in Zhejiang province that can reach several hundreds. In this case, the disease cannot be controlled and the infection situation cannot easily be predicted. Thus, this paper encourages cows farms to insist on self-supplying production of the dairy cows. (2) The effect of transmission rate of brucella in environment to dairy cattle on brucellosis spreading is greater than transmission rate of the infectious dairy cattle to susceptible cattle. The prevalence of the epidemic is mainly aroused by environment transmission. (3) Under certain circumstances, the epidemic will become a periodic phenomenon. (4) For Zhejiang province, besides measures that have already been adopted, sterilization times of the infected regions is suggested as twice a week, and should be combined with management of the birth rate of dairy cows to control brucellosis spread.     

腹泻患儿粪便A群轮状病毒抗原检测的结果分析

目的：了解本地区腹泻婴幼儿的A群轮状病毒感染情况及其流行特点。方法：采用胶体金法对我院2009年10月-2010年9月2104例有腹泻和肠炎特征的婴幼儿粪便进行A群轮状病毒抗原检测。结果：在2104例受检者中,A群轮状病毒感染的总阳性率是24．71％,其中男性感染率24．17％,女性为25．40％。不同年龄组间以1—2岁婴幼儿感染率最高,为32．13％,0-1岁为20．72％,2-5岁为12．03％。感染的季节特征是秋末冬初季（10—12月）阳性率最高,为42．82％,春末夏初季（4．6月）最低,为8．81％。结论：由A群轮状病毒感染引发的急性腹泻主要发生在1-2岁的婴幼儿,各个季节均有发生,以秋末冬初季为高发。