板齿鼠内脏器官的重量和含水量的季节变化

本文研究板齿鼠部分内脏器官的鲜重、相对重量（脏器指数）和含水量的季节变化.结果表明：板齿鼠肝、心、脾、肾脏指数存在季节性变化,同时肝脏指数存在年龄和性别差异;脾脏指数与体重呈正相关,肝、肾脏指数与体重呈负相关;脏器水分含量只有肝和心脏存在季节性差异,但不存在年龄和性别差异.说明季节因素对不同脏器指数影响不同.     

东方田鼠头骨和脏器的形态学指标

对实验室封闭群第7、8代东方田鼠（Microtus fortis calamorum)头骨和脏器的形态学指标进行了测量,并探讨了各指标在雌雄间、年龄组间的差异及其与体重的关系。结果表明,头骨大小在亚成年雌雄鼠间无显著差异,成年雄鼠显著大于成年雌鼠;脏器绝对和相对指标雌雄鼠间差异不显著。头骨指标、脏器绝对指标成年鼠显著长于或大于亚成年鼠,肝、肾脏、睾丸相对重量以及盲肠、大小肠相对长度在年龄组间差异显著。头骨和脏器指标（Y）与体重（X）的关系为Y＝aX^b,头骨形态指标、脏器绝对重量或长度与体重正相关,脏器相对重量或长度除睾丸与体重正相关外其余均与体重负相关。     

洞庭湖区社鼠脏器重量的比较

对洞庭湖区社鼠(Niviventer confucianus)野外自然种群脏器的重量指标进行了测定,并比较了其在年龄组、性别、季节及生境间的差异。结果表明,社鼠内脏(心、肺、肝、脾、肾脏)随着年龄组的增加,重量有明显的增加,其重量与体重有极其显著的相关性。两性间的脏器重量指标没有显著性差异。脏器季节变化的共同特征是夏季脏器重量较低,四季间比较,仅有心脏重量有显著的季节变化。生境间心脏和肾脏重量的变化相对较大,达显著水平。参与繁殖与未参与繁殖的雌鼠相比,心、肺、肝、肾脏的各项指标均较高,脾脏则相反,但均未有显著性差异。总的来看,洞庭湖社鼠种群的脏器指标相对稳定,尽管重量指标随着年龄组而增加,受性别、季节、生境及繁殖行为的影响相对较小。     

SD大鼠主要脏器间的相关性分析

目的测定成年SD大鼠体重与各脏器重量,并对不同脏器之间及体重与各脏器重量的相关性进行分析。方法选用三月龄SD大鼠雄性共24只,进行人道处死,解剖后分别测定心、肝、肺、肾等脏器重量,并作相关性分析。结果 SD大鼠的心、肝、肺、脾、肾与胃空体的相关性分析中,SD大鼠的心脏及肝脏重量之间不相关(P>0.05),且分别与其他各脏器及胃空体之间也无明显相关(P>0.05);而脾脏的重量与肾脏重量之间则相关极为显著(P<0.01);胃空体与肺、脾呈现极显著相关(P<0.01),与肾脏呈显著相关(P<0.05)。结论通过解剖比较SD大鼠各脏器之间的关系,对动物体内各脏器的大小及相互关系有了初步的认知,为今后进行的动物相关实验研究打下基础。     

SPF级与普通级小型猪主要脏器形态与脏器系数比较

目的比较两种不同微生物学控制等级的五指山小型猪主要脏器重量和相对重量差异。方法选取4月龄近交培育的五指山猪20头,其中普通级和SPF级各10头,雌雄各半,分别测定体重和7种主要脏器重量,分析两种不同微生物控制程度的小型猪主要脏器形态及脏器相对重量。结果SPF级小型猪体重显著低于普通级对照（P〈0.01）,前者肺和脾的形态发生改变,肝、心、脑和肾上腺的相对重量显著高于普通级对照（P〈0.01）,而SPF级的脾和肺的相对重量显著低于普通级对照（P〈0.01）。结论小型猪在不同微生物控制程度下体重和脏器系数存在显著差异,主要脏器形态与脏器系数差异可作为实验动物质量鉴定的参考依据。     

转基因EGFP小鼠的主要脏器重量及脏器系数

目的测定转基因C57BL／6-Tg（ACTB—EGFP）1osb／J（EGFP）小鼠主要脏器重量和脏器系数。方法实验选用5～6周雄性、6～7周雌性小鼠各15只,用sartorius电子天平分别测定体重和9个主要脏器重量,计算脏器系数,并对雌雄脏器重量和脏器系数之间进行比较。结果雌雄小鼠脏器重量间比较,雄性鼠体重明显大于雌性的体重（P〈0．01）;心、肝、肺、肾、肾上腺的重量间差异极显著（P〈0．01）;脾脏比较差异显著（P〈0．05）;雌雄间脏器系数比较,肺、脑、肾上腺间差异极显著（P〈0．01）,心、肝、脾、肾脏间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。结论转基因EGFP小鼠不同性别间脏器重量及脏器系数间有一定的差异,为相关研究打下了基础。     

野生成年树鼩主要脏器重量及脏器系数的测定分析

目的对野生成年树鼩的体重和主要脏器重量进行测定,计算其脏器系数。方法测定60只野生成年树鼩体重及11个主要脏器重量,并计算其脏器系数。进行脏器重量、脏器系数的性别间比较分析及Kendall和谐系数分析。结果性别间比较心、肺重量差异极显著（P〈0.01）,脑、肾上腺、胰腺重量之间差异显著（P〈0.05）;肾上腺、胰腺系数差异有极显著性（P〈0.01）,心、肺、肾系数之间差异均达到了显著水平（P〈0.05）。Kendall和谐系数（W）分析表明,动物与其个体各主要器官整体发育协调性较好。结论野生成年树鼩心重量、肺重量、脑重量、肾上腺重量、胰腺重量、肾上腺系数、胰腺系数、心系数、肺系数、肾系数性别间存在差异。     

Fmr1基因敲除小鼠脏器重量和脏器系数的比较分析

目的通过对Fmr1基因敲除小鼠雌雄两性和FVB小鼠的脏器重量和脏器系数进行比较分析,了解其脏器重量的差异,探讨Fmr1基因对动物生长发育等方面的影响。方法分别测定Fmr1基因敲除小鼠雌雄两性和FVB小鼠内脏器官的绝对重量和脏器系数,并进行统计学处理和分析。结果相同年龄的Fmr1基因敲除小鼠雄性的体重、心、肺、肝和肾的绝对重量均极显著的大于雌性（P〈0.01）。雌雄间脏器系数除肾脏（P〈0.05）和脑（P〈0.01）外,其余无显著差异。与FVB小鼠比较,Fmr1基因敲除小鼠心脏较轻（P〈0.01）,肾脏（P〈0.01）、体重和脑较重（P〈0.05）。脏器系数肾脏较大（P〈0.01）,心脏（P〈0.01）、脑和脾（P〈0.05）较小。结论Fmr1基因可影响动物的某些脏器重量和脏器系数。     

妊娠期大气细颗粒物暴露损伤孕鼠多种器官并抑制妊娠及胎儿发育

目的建立小鼠妊娠期大气细颗粒物(fine particulate matter,AD≤2.5μm,PM_(2.5))暴露模型,探讨妊娠期PM_(2.5)暴露对孕鼠主要脏器及妊娠的影响。方法孕鼠随机分为空白组、对照组、PM_(2.5)低剂量组、PM_(2.5)中剂量组和PM_(2.5)高剂量组,利用气管染毒方法分别向PM_(2.5)低、中、高剂量组注入浓度为0.2592μg/μl、1.56695μg/μl和3.456μg/μl的30μl PM_(2.5)混悬液,对照组注入相同体积PBS。孕期间断染毒七次。观察PM_(2.5)染毒对孕鼠体重增长、妊娠天数、主要脏器及对新生仔鼠数量、体重等发育情况的影响,HE染色观察孕鼠心、肝、肺、肾的病理学变化。结果 PM_(2.5)中剂量和高剂量组与对照组相比,孕鼠体重增长减缓,妊娠天数减少;孕鼠肝、肺、心和肾重量均减轻,且组织结构受损,可见炎症等病理改变;新生仔鼠数量减少,体重下降,可见无脑等畸形。结论妊娠期暴露在PM_(2.5)污染环境中可引起小鼠心、肝、肺、肾出现炎症等病理损害,进而影响小鼠妊娠,导致新生仔鼠数量减少,出现畸形、体重减轻等不良妊娠结局。     

禁食和重喂食对大绒鼠体重、产热和血清瘦素的影响

动物行为和生理活动的适应性调节是应对食物资源变化的主要策略。为探讨禁食和重喂食对大绒鼠体重、产热和血清瘦素的影响,测定了禁食和重喂食条件下大绒鼠的体重、体脂重量、静止代谢率、身体组成、血清瘦素含量以及禁食后重喂食期间的摄食量。结果显示:禁食导致大绒鼠体重、体脂重量和静止代谢率显著下降,重喂食后体重和静止代谢率能够恢复到对照组水平,而体脂重量却不能恢复。禁食12 h 后血清瘦素含量快速下降,重喂食后未能恢复到对照水平。此外,大绒鼠在禁食后重喂食期间摄食量没有补偿性增加,血清瘦素含量与体脂重量呈正相关关系。这些结果很可能反映出大绒鼠能调节自身生理状况以适应短期的能量缺乏,主要通过降低体重、血清瘦素含量和代谢活性器官重量以减少能量消耗。禁食后重喂食时大绒鼠没有摄食过量。血清瘦素的下降早于体重和体脂的下降。     

The lack of cardiac hypertrophy in newborn Prague hypertensive rats.

Newborn rats of four different strains with spontaneous hypertension show heart enlargement mainly due to cardiac hyperplasia. To determine whether this anomaly is common in all genetically hypertensive rats, we have compared newborns of Prague hypertensive rats (PHR) with their respective normotensive controls (PNR). The heart ventricles, kidneys and livers of newborn animals were analyzed for their weight, protein and DNA content. The total heart weight and the heart/body weight ratio were significantly lower in PHR than in PNR. On the other hand, there were no differences in total or relative kidney weight and in total liver weight. The relative protein content was significantly lower in kidney and liver of PHR but there were no differences between hypertensive and normotensive animals in relative DNA content of all organs studied. Our results suggest a possible dissociation of genes which determine organ weights from those responsible for blood pressure determination.     

灰仓鼠重要内脏器官生长指数及其变化

对室内培育的灰仓鼠进行同一季节不同年龄段和同一年龄段不同季节某些器官的测量。结果显示, 在初生至25 d 的高速生长期, 体重与肝脏、心脏、肺、脾脏和肾的生长非常接近Huxley 的相对生长公式Y = b x^k , 其回归方程分别为: 肝脏Y = 0.013 47 x^{1.515 9} ; 心脏Y = 0.000 18 x^2.163 ; 肺Y = 0.028 48 x^{0.798 2} ; 脾脏Y = 0.000 24 x^{1.583 6} ; 肾脏Y = 0.000 2418 x^{2.310 4} , 并高度相关。睾丸的回归方程在60 日内与Y = b x^k公式非常拟合, Y = 0.000 0108 x^{3.049 4} , r = 0.989 9。除性腺外, 肝脏、心脏、肺、脾脏和肾脏的比值最高值均在25 d 之前。在性成熟期不同年龄段, 性腺比值较稳定, 其它器官比值在性别和年龄段有显著性差异, 雌性普遍高于雄性。在10 月龄不同季节, 只有体重和睾丸比值有显著性差异(7 月最高) , 表示在不同季节利用相近体重比较器官指数差异应将年龄因素作为重要参考依据。     

The relationship between organ weights and body weights, facial dimensions, and dental dimensions in a population of olive baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis)

Questions concerned with the relationship between organ weights and body weight on an intraspecific level are best answered by using a sample of animals collected in the wild from a single locale during a single season. The organ weights and body weights for this study were obtained from the necropsy reports prepared in the field (Athi Plain, Kenya) by H. C. McGill, Jr. on 36 adult animals (18 males and 18 females). Dental and facial measurements were taken by M.I. Siegel. In order to avoid erroneous results produced by statistical treatment of combined sex samples of sexually dimorphic species, data on the sexes were analyzed separately. Means and standard deviations are reported for selected organ weights and body dimensions (heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal, brain, and pancreas weights, crown–rump length, crown–heel length, head circumference, chest circumference, and body weight). All of the above measures were significantly (p<0.05) different between the sexes. Logarithms of these measures were significantly correlated with the logarithm of body weight in males for heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, and adrenal weights, crown–heel length, and head and chest circumference, and in females for crown–heel length, heart, liver, and kidney weights. Partial correlational analysis, removing the effects of body size (weight), showed mostly negative correlational relationships between dental and visceral dimensions. Most of the correlations between facial and visceral dimensions were negative. Allometric equations were calculated for the dental, facial, and visceral dimensions versus body weight, and are compared with prior published results.     

Effect of mercury chloride on the level of lipids and products of their peroxidation in rat vital organs

The influence of mercury chloride on peroxidation processes of lipids and level of common lipids, phospholipids and spectrum of neutral lipids in liver, heart, lung and kidney of rats has been investigated. Administration of mercury chloride in a dose 0.7 mg/100 g of body weight to animals has invoked accumulation of lipids peroxide products in fractions of neutral lipids and phospholipids so it testifies the development of oxidative stress. Decrease of the most sensitive to oxidation fractions in the early stages of oxidative stress development and increase of free cholesterol and its ethers content in kidney and free cholesterol in the heart in more later terms as a result of mercury chloride administration have been revealed.     

Physiological significance of catalase and glutathione peroxidases,and in vivo peroxidation,in selected tissues of the toadDiscoglossus pictus (Amphibia) during acclimation to normobaric hyperoxia

1. Various parameters related to oxidative stress were measured in adult Discoglossus pictus acclimated for 15 days to either normoxia or hyperoxia (PO2 = 710 mmHg). 2. Total weight of the toads and total and relative wet weight of liver, kidneys, lungs and heart were not changed by hyperoxic acclimation. 3. In vivo tissue peroxidation increased in lung, decreased in skeletal muscle, and was not changed in liver, kidney, heart and skin after hyperoxic exposure. 4. Hyperoxic acclimation increased catalase activities in the lung, liver, kidney and heart but not in skeletal muscle and skin. 5. Liver showed higher GSH-peroxidase activity with cumene-OOH than with H2O2 as substrate, whereas lung, skeletal muscle and skin presented similar GSH-peroxidase activities with both substrates. 6. GSH-peroxidase activities did not change between hyperoxic and normoxic animals in liver, lung, skeletal muscle and skin. 7. These results show that catalase, not GSH-peroxidase, is the principal H2O2 detoxifying enzyme involved in the adaptation of D. pictus to hyperoxia.     

封闭群五指山小型猪主要脏器重量与体重的相关性分析

目的测定封闭群五指山小型猪主要脏器重量和脏器系数,对脏器重量与体重的相关性进行分析,并计算出相应的直线回归方程和多元回归方程。方法实验选用6-10月龄普通级封闭群五指山小型猪30头（其中♂16头、♀14头）,分别测定体重和7个主要脏器重量,计算脏器系数,通过SAS软件进行脏器系数的性别间比较和各脏器重与体重间的相关与回归分析。结果性别间比较,小型猪仅有心脏的脏器系数差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。除公猪的胃脏和母猪的肺脏外,所测脏器重量与体重间均有明显的正相关线性关系;多因素分析显示公猪的肝脏和肾脏,母猪的心脏、肝脏和肾脏对各自体重有影响。结论封闭群五指山小型猪主要脏器系数性别间差异较小,其体重与某些脏器重量存在一定的线性关系。