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1.
Activities of 10 lysosomal hydrolase enzymes (beta-hexosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, alpha-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-mannosidase, alpha-L-fucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-glucosidase, alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, and acid phosphatase) were determined in eight organs (brain, liver, kidney, spleen, heart, skeletal muscle, lung, and testis) in males and females of six inbred mouse strains (C57BL/6J, C3H/HeJ, DBA/2J, BALB/cJ, P/J, and 129/J). Examples of enzyme-specific variation, organ-specific variation, and enzyme- and organ-specific variation were found. New enzyme-specific variants with the features of systemic regulators for alpha-L-fucosidase and beta-mannosidase were found. Known variants were detected. Organ-specific variants had some of the properties expected for a new class of genes affecting multiple enzymes: organ-specific regulators. 相似文献
2.
Little is known about interstrain variations in baseline lung functions or smooth muscle contractility in murine lungs. We therefore examined basal lung mechanics and airway, as well as vascular reactivity to methacholine, thromboxane (using U-46619), and endothelin-1 (ET-1), A/J, AKR, BALB/c, C3H/HeN, C57BL/6, and SCID mice. All experiments were performed with isolated perfused mouse lungs. Except AKR mice (which were excluded from further analysis), all other strains showed stable pulmonary compliance, pulmonary resistance, and pulmonary arterial pressure within a control period of 45 min. Among these strains, C3H/HeN mice exhibited higher dynamic pulmonary compliance and lower pulmonary resistance, whereas SCID mice had higher baseline pulmonary resistance than the other strains. Concentration-response experiments with methacholine showed a lower airway reactivity for C57BL/6 mice compared with the other strains. Perfusion with 1 microM U-46619 or 100 nM ET-1 revealed a similar pattern: the agonist-inducible broncho- and vasoconstriction was lower in C57BL/6 mice than in all other strains, whereas it tended to be higher in SCID mice. The present study demonstrates a correlation between airway and vascular responsiveness in all tested strains. SCID mice are hyperreactive, whereas C57BL/6 mice are hyporeactive, to smooth muscle constrictors. Lung mechanics, as well as airway and vascular responsiveness, appear to be genetically controlled. 相似文献
3.
Mechanical loading-induced gene expression and BMD changes are different in two inbred mouse strains. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chandrasekhar Kesavan Subburaman Mohan Susanna Oberholtzer Jon E Wergedal David J Baylink 《Journal of applied physiology》2005,99(5):1951-1957
Our goal is to evaluate skeletal anabolic response to mechanical loading in different age groups of C57B1/6J (B6) and C3H/HeJ (C3H) mice with variable loads using bone size, bone mineral density (BMD), and gene expression changes as end points. Loads of 6-9 N were applied at 2 Hz for 36 cycles for 12 days on the tibia of 10-wk-old female B6 and C3H mice. Effects of a 9-N load on 10-, 16-, and 36-wk-old C3H mice were also studied. Changes in bone parameters were measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and gene expression was determined by real-time PCR. Total volumetric BMD was increased by 5 and 15%, respectively, with 8- and 9-N loads in the B6, but not the C3H, mice. Increases of 20 and 12% in periosteal circumference were reflected by dramatic 44 and 26% increases in total area in B6 and C3H mice, respectively. The bone response to bending showed no difference in the three age groups of B6 and C3H mice. At 2 days, mechanical loading resulted in significant downregulation in expression of bone resorption (BR), but not bone formation (BF) marker genes. At 4 and 8 days of loading, expression of BF marker genes (type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein) was increased two- to threefold and expression of BR marker genes (matrix metalloproteinase-9 and thrombin receptor-activating peptide) was decreased two- to fivefold. Although expression of BF marker genes was upregulated four- to eightfold at 12 days of training, expression of BR marker genes was upregulated seven- to ninefold. Four-point bending caused significantly greater changes in expression of BF and BR marker genes in bones of the B6 than the C3H mice. We conclude that mechanical loading-induced molecular pathways are activated to a greater extent in the B6 than in the C3H mice, resulting in a higher anabolic response in the B6 mice. 相似文献
4.
Y-chromosomal DNA polymorphism in mouse inbred strains 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Y Nishioka 《Genetical research》1987,50(1):69-72
5.
Genetic control of mammalian meiotic recombination. I. Variation in exchange frequencies among males from inbred mouse strains 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Genetic background effects on the frequency of meiotic recombination have long been suspected in mice but never demonstrated in a systematic manner, especially in inbred strains. We used a recently described immunostaining technique to assess meiotic exchange patterns in male mice. We found that among four different inbred strains--CAST/Ei, A/J, C57BL/6, and SPRET/Ei--the mean number of meiotic exchanges per cell and, thus, the recombination rates in these genetic backgrounds were significantly different. These frequencies ranged from a low of 21.5 exchanges in CAST/Ei to a high of 24.9 in SPRET/Ei. We also found that, as expected, these crossover events were nonrandomly distributed and displayed positive interference. However, we found no evidence for significant differences in the patterns of crossover positioning between strains with different exchange frequencies. From our observations of >10,000 autosomal synaptonemal complexes, we conclude that achiasmate bivalents arise in the male mouse at a frequency of 0.1%. Thus, special mechanisms that segregate achiasmate chromosomes are unlikely to be an important component of mammalian male meiosis. 相似文献
6.
Molecular mechanisms of salty taste in mammals are not completely understood. We use genetic approaches to study these mechanisms. Previously, we developed a high-throughput procedure to measure NaCl taste thresholds, which involves conditioning mice to avoid LiCl and then examining avoidance of NaCl solutions presented in 48-h 2-bottle preference tests. Using this procedure, we measured NaCl taste thresholds of mice from 13 genealogically divergent inbred stains: 129P3/J, A/J, BALB/cByJ, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6ByJ, C57BL/6J, CBA/J, CE/J, DBA/2J, FVB/NJ, NZB/BlNJ, PWK/PhJ, and SJL/J. We found substantial strain variation in NaCl taste thresholds: mice from the A/J and 129P3/J strains had high thresholds (were less sensitive), whereas mice from the BALB/cByJ, C57BL/6J, C57BL/6ByJ, CE/J, DBA/2J, NZB/BINJ, and SJL/J had low thresholds (were more sensitive). NaCl taste thresholds measured in this study did not significantly correlate with NaCl preferences or amiloride sensitivity of chorda tympani nerve responses to NaCl determined in the same strains in other studies. To examine whether strain differences in NaCl taste thresholds could have been affected by variation in learning ability or sensitivity to toxic effects of LiCl, we used the same method to measure citric acid taste thresholds in 4 inbred strains with large differences in NaCl taste thresholds but similar acid sensitivity in preference tests (129P3/J, A/J, C57BL/6J, and DBA/2J). Citric acid taste thresholds were similar in these 4 strains. This suggests that our technique measures taste quality-specific thresholds that are likely to represent differences in peripheral taste responsiveness. The strain differences in NaCl taste sensitivity found in this study provide a basis for genetic analysis of this phenotype. 相似文献
7.
The origins of 7 inbred mouse strains (OUBW, OUCW, OUGW, OUYW, OUBCr, OUF and OUW) are reported. 6 of these strains have been in existence for a number of years, and 4 of them have not been mentioned in the literature. 2 of the strains have been referred to in published work, but because of incorrect designation may have caused some confusion. The remaining strain (OUBCr), which has considerable research potential, has been developed from a mutation in an NZB subline. 相似文献
8.
Recombinant inbred (RI) strains of mice and the closely related recombinant congenic strains offer considerable promise for identifying and characterizing genes causally associated with many different diseases. Loci associated with diseases such as heart disease, autoimmune disease and leukemia have already been identified through the use of these unique strains. 相似文献
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Telomere length and telomerase activity directly affect the replicative capacity of primary human cells. Some have suggested that telomere length influences organismal lifespan. We compared telomere length distributions in a number of inbred and outbred established mouse strains with those of strains recently derived from wild mice. Telomere length was considerably shorter in wild-derived strains than in the established strains. We found no correlation of telomere length with lifespan, even among closely related inbred mouse strains. Thus, while telomere length plays a role in cellular lifespan in cultured human cells, it is not a major factor in determining organismal lifespan. 相似文献
11.
Genetic determinants of lung structure and function have been demonstrated by differential phenotypes among inbred mice strains. For example, previous studies have reported phenotypic variation in baseline ventilatory measurements of standard inbred murine strains as well as segregant and nonsegregant offspring of C3H/HeJ (C3) and C57BL/6J (B6) progenitors. One purpose of the present study is to test the hypothesis that a genetic basis for differential baseline breathing pattern is due to variation in lung mechanical properties. Quasi-static pressure-volume curves were performed on standard and recombinant inbred strains to explore the interactive role of lung mechanics in determination of functional baseline ventilatory outcomes. At airway pressures between 0 and 30 cmH2O, lung volumes are significantly (P < 0.01) greater in C3 mice relative to the B6 and A/J strains. In addition, the B6C3F1/J offspring demonstrate lung mechanical properties significantly (P < 0.01) different from the C3 progenitor but not distinguishable from the B6 progenitor. With the use of recombinant inbred strains derived from C3 and B6 progenitors, cosegregation analysis between inspiratory timing and measurements of lung volume and compliance indicate that strain differences in baseline breathing pattern and pressure-volume relationships are not genetically associated. Although strain differences in lung volume and compliance between C3 and B6 mice are inheritable, this study supports a dissociation between differential inspiratory time at baseline, a trait linked to a putative genomic region on mouse chromosome 3, and differential lung mechanics among C3 and B6 progenitors and their progeny. 相似文献
12.
The collection of classical inbred mouse strains displays heritable variation in a large number of complex traits. Many generations of historical recombination have contributed to the panel of classical strain genomes, raising the possibility that quantitative trait loci could be located with high resolution by correlating strain genotypes and phenotypes. Although this association mapping framework has been successful in several empirical applications, its expected performance remains unclear. We used computer simulations based on a publicly available, dense single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) map to measure the power and false-positive rate of association mapping on a genomic scale across 30 commonly used classical inbred strains. Expected power is (i) often low for phenotypic effect sizes that are realistic for complex traits, (ii) highly variable across the genome, and (iii) correlated with linkage disequilibrium, aspects of the allele frequency distribution, and haplotype characteristics, as predicted by theory. Simulations also demonstrate clear potential for spurious associations to be generated by unequal relatedness among the strains. These findings suggest that association mapping in the classical strains is best applied in combination with other procedures, such as QTL mapping. 相似文献
13.
Xiaoyan Du Jing Cui Chao Wang Xueyun Huo Jing Lu Yichen Li Zhenwen Chen 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2013,288(7-8):309-316
Microsatellites are 50–200 repetitive DNA sequences composed of 1- to 6-base-pair-long reiterative motifs within the genome. They are vulnerable to DNA modifications, such as recombination and/or integration, and are recognized as “sentinel” DNA. Our previous report indicated that the genotypes of the microsatellite loci could change from mono- to poly-morphisms (CMP) in gene knockout (KO) mice, implying that genetic modification induces microsatellite mutation. However, it is still unclear whether the random insertion of DNA fragments into mice genomes produced via transgene (Tg) or N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) would also result in microsatellite mutations or microsatellite loci genotypes changes. This study was designed to find possible clues to answer this question. In brief, 198 microsatellite loci that were distributed among almost all of the chromosomes (except for the Y) were examined through polymerase chain reaction to screen possible CMPs in six Tg strains. First, for each strain, the microsatellite sequences of all loci were compared between Tg and the corresponding background strain to exclude genetic interference. Simultaneously, to exclude spontaneous mutation-related CMPs that might exist in the examined six strains, mice from five spontaneously mutated inbred strains were used as the negative controls. Additionally, the sequences of all loci in these spontaneous mutated mice were compared to corresponding genetic background controls. The results showed that 40 of the 198 (20.2 %) loci were identified as having CMPs in the examined Tg mice strains. The CMP genotypes were either homozygous or heterozygous compared to the background controls. Next, we applied the 40 CMP positive loci in ENU-mutated mice and their corresponding background controls. After that, a general comparison of CMPs that exist among Tg, ENU-treated and KO mouse strains was performed. The results indicated that four (D11mit258, D13mit3, D14mit102 and DXmit172) of the 40 (10 %) CMP loci were shared by Tg and KO mice, two (D15mit5 and D14mit102) (5 %) by Tg and ENU-treated mice, and one (D14mit102) (2.5 %) by all three genetic modifications. Collectively, our study implies that genetic modifications by KO, Tg or chemical mutant can trigger microsatellite CMPs in inbred mouse strains. These shared microsatellite loci could be regarded as “hot spots” of microsatellite mutation for genetic monitoring in genetic modified mice. 相似文献
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15.
Susceptibility to human poliovirus-induced disease in different inbred mouse strains was analyzed after intracerebral inoculation of two mouse-adapted type 2 polioviruses, the attenuated W-2 strain and the virulent Lansing strain. In contrast to inoculation with the Lansing strain, which was invariably lethal, inoculation with the W-2 strain defined three groups of mice with high, intermediate, or low disease incidence. Those in the high-disease-incidence group, the DBA/1J and DBA/2J mice, exhibited a high level of virus replication in the spinal cord by day 2 postinfection, with no detectable neutralizing-antibody response. Mice in the intermediate- and low-incidence groups had lower levels of virus replication in the spinal cord and/or produced neutralizing antibodies. No correlation was observed between H-2 haplotype and the extent of virus replication, production of neutralizing or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-detectable antibodies, or T-cell-proliferative response. However, mice of the H-2k haplotype manifested a low incidence of disease. 相似文献
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17.
In total, 41 different microsatellite variants have been typed in one or more of four different sets of recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains. Microsatellite variants were selected that were located in chromosomal regions previously lacking markers. These markers extend the regions swept in these RI strains. 相似文献
18.
Susceptibility of inbred mouse strains to Sendai virus (Mol strain) infection was studied. Although some mouse strains showed age differences in susceptibility between 3-to 4-week-old and 7-to 8-week-old mice, such age differences in susceptibility were not observed in susceptible DBA/2N and resistant BALB/cA mice. In 7-to 8-week-old mice, remarkable strain differences were observed in mortality and intensity of the lung lesions, but not in lung virus titers and serum antibody, between resistant BALB/cA and susceptible DBA/2N mice. 相似文献
19.
Seven inbred mouse strains were examined for the presence of chronic Chagas' cardiomyopathy in postacute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. DBA/1, DBA/2, BALB/c, B10.T (6R), B10.Q, B10.D2, and B6 mice were infected for 100 days with the Brazil strain of T. cruzi. Standard histologic examination of cardiac tissue from these mice revealed the following relationship among the different strains based on the severity of observed inflammation (myocarditis): BALB/c, DBA/1, and DBA/2 were the most inflamed; B10.T (6R) and B10.Q were intermediate; and B6 and B10.D2 showed the least inflammation. Examination of these tissues for characteristics of myocardiopathy such as cell swelling, edema, vacuolization, necrosis, myocytolysis, connective tissue infiltration, and thinning of the right ventricular wall indicated a relative relationship among the different strains relative to the severity of cardiomyopathy as follows: BALB/c, DBA/2, and DBA/1 showed the most cardiopathy (pathopermissive); B10.T (6R) and B10.Q showed intermediate pathology; and B6 and B10.D2 showed the least involvement (pathoresistant). Anti-heart antibody present in the sera of all these mice showed specific reactivity in western blots to a 43-kDa glycoprotein from normal heart tissue. Also, anti-heart antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers for all mouse strains were similar and showed no correlation with the severity of tissue damage. The fact that different inbred strains show various degrees of myocarditis and cardiomyopathy may be useful in the study of pathogenesis of chronic Chagas' disease. Results from this limited list of inbred strains suggest that background genes, rather than the major histocompatibility complex, play the major role in the expression of cardiac pathogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
20.
Pancreatic and salivary amylase cDNA probes have been used to search for new DNA fragment length variation among a total of 43 inbred mouse strains. Fragment length differences found with three restriction endonucleases grouped the strains into two major classes. The segregation of these variant fragments has been analyzed among several sets of recombinant inbred strains and is presented here. Previously reported differences for strains YBR and CE have been confirmed. New segregation data for carbonic anhydrase, a locus near the proximal end of mouse chromosome 3, are presented. 相似文献