中国广西薹草属(莎草科)一新种——大苗山薹草

描述了我国广西大苗山莎草科Cyperaceae一新种——大苗山薹草Carex damiaoshanensis X. F. Jin ＆ C. Z. Zheng。本种形态上与花葶薹草C. scaposa C. B. Clarke接近, 区别主要在秆、秆生叶和支花序轴均无毛, 支花序数较少, 小穗疏生雌花。对秆、支花序梗、秆生叶和小坚果扫描电镜观察也显示了这二者的区别。     

Carex damiaoshanensis X. F. Jin & C. Z. Zheng,a new species of Cyperaceae from Guangxi,China

Carex damiaoshanensis X. F. Jin & C. Z. Zheng, a new species of Cyperaceae from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. This new species resembles C. scaposa C. B. Clarke in its arundinaceous leaves and spikes arranged in a compound panicle, but differs from the latter in having glabrous culms, cauline leaves, and rachises of secondary inflorescences, panicle with fewer secondary inflorescences, and spikes with sparse pistillate flowers. Micromorphology of culms, cauline leaves, peduncles of secondary inflorescences, and achenes under SEM supports the recognition of this new species as well.     

Plagiomnium guizhouense Y.-J.Yi & S.He sp. nov. (Mniaceae) found in southwestern China

A new species of Plagiomnium (Mniaceae), P. guizhouense Y.-J.Yi & S.He from Guizhou, China is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to P. affine in having spinosely serrate leaf margins with teeth consisting of up to 4 or more cells, a broadly elliptic leaf shape, and a decurrent leaf base, but is distinguished from the latter species by having a cuspidate leaf apex, broader marginal differentiation with borders consisting of 4–5 rows of linear, thick-walled cells, strongly ciliate marginal teeth that are sometimes branched and up to 7 cells long in upper fertile stem leaves and perichaetial leaves, and a much shorter leaf costa that ends just above mid-leaf in the lower leaves.     

Microfungi on the Pandanaceae: Linocarpon lammiae sp. nov., L. siamensis sp. nov. and L. suthepensis sp. nov. are described with a key to Linocarpon species from the Pandanaceae

Linocarpon species are reported from Pandanaceae in Australia, Brunei, Hong Kong, Nepal, New Zealand, Philippines, Seychelles, Thailand and Vanuatu. Linocarpon lammiae sp. nov. were collected on decaying leaves of Pandanus tectorius in Hong Kong. Linocarpon siamensis sp. nov. and L. suthepensis sp. nov. were collected from decaying leaves of P. penetrans in Thailand. These taxa are described, illustrated and compared with Linocarpon species with similar ascospore morphology and dimensions. Included are a synoptic table, which compares the new species to similar known species, and a dichotomous key to species of Linocarpon known from members of the Pandanaceae.     

Manihot allemii sp. nov. (Euphorbiaceae s.s.) with entire and unlobed leaves from northern Brazil,with notes about foliar anatomy

Manihot allemii M. J. Silva is described and illustrated as a new species, and its morphological affinities and conservation status is discussed. It is most similar to M. salicifolia Pohl in having a subshrubby and erect habit and in the general aspect of its unlobed leaves, but differs from it in having leaves that are conspicuously petiolate, an inflorescence that is a congested spike‐like thyrse, entire and diminute bracts and bracteoles subtending flowers of both sexes, pistillate calyx that is deeply lobed with oblong lobes, and staminate flowers with 8 or 10 stamens. Both species belong to a group of 14 species recognized by their possession of entire and unlobed leaves, which are the subject of taxonomic studies by the second author. Some notes on the leaf anatomy of species of Manihot that have entire and unlobed leaves are also presented.     

Didymodon mesopapillosus sp. nov. (Pottiaceae) from Tibet,China

Didymodon mesopapillosus J. Kou, X.‐M. Shao & C. Feng is described and illustrated as a new species from Tibet, China. It is characterized mainly by its ovate to ovate‐lanceolate leaves appressed to weakly erect when dry, margins recurved from leaf base to apex, laminal cell superficial walls markedly thicker than the internal walls, laminal papillae present only on both sides of costa, short‐excurrent costa, undifferentiated basal cells and differentiated perichaetial leaves. This species is compared with similar species and its ecology is discussed.     

石蝴蝶属一新种——黄斑石蝴蝶

描述了苦苣苔科（Gesneriaceae）石蝴蝶属(Petrocosmea Oliv.)一新种——黄斑石蝴蝶(P.xanthomaculata G.Q.Gou et X.Y.Wang)。新种与贵州石蝴蝶（P.cavaleriei Lévl.）相近,但叶多数,20～40枚,叶基心形,花冠白色,在裂片之间具明显黄色斑纹,苞片小,长约1 mm,花柱除上部外密被开展的白色长柔毛而不同。     

Species diversity of freshwater hyphomycetes in some streams of Pakistan. III. Autumnal colonization of freshwater hyphomycetes on bait leaves

Significantly more species of freshwater hyphomycetes colonized bait leaves of alder (16 species) and willow (14 species) during early submersion period (1 wk) than those of oak (8 species). Production of conidia was also higher on alder and willow leaves than on oak leaves. Higher amounts of dry mass were lost from the alder (28.6%) and willow leaves (29.4%) than from the oak leaves (18.7%). Rapid loss of dry mass was accompanied by rapid development of a fungal community. Fungal species took a longer time (6 wk) to reach their peak of occurrence on oak than on willow and alder leaves (3–4 wk).Flagellospora curvula dominated the assemblages of freshwater hyphomycetes on alder and willow leaves, andLunulospora curvula dominated the assemblage on oak leaves. The freshwater hyphomycete community showed higher values of species diversity (H value) on oak leaves than on alder and willow leaves.     

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Heliotropium from Mexico and adjacent U.S.A.

The levels of alkaloids were determined in leaves and stems of 24 species of Heliotropium collected in Mexico and adjacent U.S.A. All species contained unsaturated pyrrolizidines, their content in leaves ranging from 0.003 to 0.18%. Saturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids were detected in nine species. Greenhouse-grown plants of five species had a significantly higher alkaloid content in their leaves than the corresponding field samples. In all these species, except for H. indicum, the differences were due to higher levels of saturated pyrrolizidines.     

中国珍珠菜属(报春花科)一新种——右旋过路黄

对新种右旋过路黄Lysimachia dextrorsiflora X. P. Zhang, X. H. Guo &; J. W. Shao进行了描述和绘图。该新种产于中国安徽和福建, 因茎匍匐, 叶对生, 花黄色, 单生叶腋与过路黄L. christinae Hance近缘, 但其花冠裂片在蕾期右旋(顺时针)旋转排列(俯视), 花梗通常长于叶片与叶柄长之和, 花期4月初至5月初而不同。     

Microstachys crassifolia sp. nov. (Euphorbiaceae) from Chapada dos Veadeiros,Goiás,Brazil

Microstachys crassifolia, a new species from Chapada dos Veadeiros region in the State of Goias, central Brazil, is here described and illustrated. Its habit and general morphology resembles that of M. nana Silva & Esser, an endemic species from the State of Paraná, southern Brazil. Both species are hemicryptophytes from grasslands, with a well‐developed underground system, glabrous leaves and reddish inflorescences and fruits, but M. crassifolia has fleshy leaves without glands while M. nana has membranaceous leaves with pateliform, submarginal glands.     

Fissidens viridulus Wahlenb. and F. minutulus Sull.

Abstract

A new species of Pseudocrossidium R.S.Williams, P. exiguum M.J.Cano &; J.A.Jiménez, is described from South America (Argentina, Brazil and Peru). The species is distinguished morphologically by its lingulate to oblong-ovate leaves, leaf marginal cells not or scarcely differentiated from inner, costa ending below apex or percurrent, and semicircular to elliptical in cross-section with two guide cells, scarcely differentiated perichaetial leaves and peristome of short and straight teeth. Drawings and light microscope photographs of the new species are provided. The principal distinctive characters that separate it from the nearest species of Pseudocrossidium and related genera are discussed.     

Kabatiella bupleuri sp. nov. (Dothideales), a pleomorphic epiphyte and endophyte of the Mediterranean plant Bupleurum gibraltarium (Apiaceae)

Bupleurum gibraltarium is an evergreen shrub endemic to southern Spain and northern Algeria and Morocco. We have collected and cultured an undescribed Kabatiella species that is consistently associated with the flower rachises and leaves of B. gibraltarium in the province of Granada. The fungus forms melanized acervuli on overwintered flower rachises. It also can be isolated from yeast-like conidial masses that emerge from senescing leaves and from surface-disinfected healthy leaves. Like other Kabatiella species, the fungus forms blastic falcate to lunate conidia simultaneously from the apex of conidiogenous cells in acervuli. In culture, melanized single-septate conidia form blastically from the vegetative hyphae that accumulate in yeast-like masses. These conidia germinate by budding to form secondary yeast-like cells or directly as hyphae. In culture, the fungus behaves like, and could be confused with, Aureobasidium and Hormonema species. We describe the growth of this species in agar media and its phylogenetic position based on the analyses of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene sequences. This new species is a sister species of the morphologically similar clover pathogen, K. caulivora.     

Primula jiugongshanensis sp. nov. (Primulaceae) from China,based on morphological and molecular evidence

Primula jiugongshanensis J. W. Shao, a new species from Mt Jiugongshan in Hubei Province, China, is described and illustrated. This species is a biennial glabrous herb with pinnately compound leaves, and affiliated to P. sect. Ranunculoides C. M. Hu. It is distinguished from other species of the section by outer simple leaves ovate, flowers distylous, corolla lobe apex conspicuously emarginate, and lack of bulblets. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS) was conducted and the results also supported the recognition of P. jiugongshanensis as a new species. The species is known from only three separated unprotected populations and is categorized as ‘Endangered’ (EN).     

A Study on the Genus Cephalotaxus Sieb. et Zucc.

The genus Cephalotaxus contains a small number of species. It is adequately appreciated as a newly discovered cancerresistant medicament for the alkaloids obtained from its branches leaves and barks are of curative effect. This paper deals with the classificatory revision based on the morphological features, with the reference to the anatomical characters of leaves, types of alkaloids and pollen morphology observed. Two new combinations are proposed, and 4 species and varieties are reduced in the paper. The genus Cephalotaxus is thus suggested to consist of 2 sections and 9 species. The trees occur in East Asia and the north of Indo-China, with 88% found in China where is the distribution centre and refuge of the genus. The genus in discussion is of unique morphological features which are distinctly different from these of Amentotaxus, Cephalotaxaceae, containing a single genus of Cephalotaxus, is closely related to Taxaceae, and therefore the Cephalotaxaceae is best placed in the Taxinieae of Coniferales.     

Alcaloïdes steroidiques du Malouetia Brachyloba et du M. Heudelotii

Malouetine and funtumafrine C have been isolated from the leaves of Malouetia brachyloba, indicating that this species is not very different from M. bequaertiana. Five conanine derivatives have been extracted from the leaves of M. heudelotii, a species which does not contain any alkaloid with a quaternary ammonium function.     

Carex yandangshanica sp. nov. (Cyperaceae; C. sect. Rhomboidales) from Zhejiang,China

Carex yandangshanica C. Z. Zheng & X. F. Jin, a new species of Carex sect. Rhomboidales Kükenth. from Zhejiang, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to C. thibetica Franch. and C. brevicuspis C. B. Clarke, but differs from the former by having trabeculate leaves, pistillate spikes with 6–10 staminate flowers or without staminate flower at the apex, and achenes at apex contracted into a slightly curved beak, and from the latter by having lateral culms, trabeculate leaves, and elliptic, rubiginous and awned pistillate scales. SEM microphotographs of perigynia and achenes are provided for the new species and related taxa.     

Disporum jinfoshanense X. Z. Li,D. M. Zhang & D. Y. Hong,a new species of the Liliaceae from Chongqing,China

Disporum jinfoshanense X. Z. Li, D. M. Zhang & D. Y. Hong, a new species of the Liliaceae from Nanchuan, Chongqing, China, is described and illustrated. This species is morphologically similar to D. smilacinum A. Gray in having leaves ovate to elliptic, inflorescences terminal, flowers spreading, tepals white, slightly saccate at the base, but differs from the latter in having stems dwarf, 15–20 cm tall, leaves 3–4, all on the upper part of the stems, petioles 2–4 mm long, and tepals densely pubescent on the inner surface.     

cDNA cloning of mRNAs induced in resistant barley during infection by Erysiphe graminis f.sp. Hordei

Summary Near-isogenic cultivars of Hordeum vulgare which differ for the Mlp gene for resistance to Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei were inoculated with race 3 of this pathogen and in vitro translation products of mRNA populations compared by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. This revealed the presence of new mRNA species in infected leaves compared to non-inoculated controls. These new mRNA species were more abundant in resistant leaves than susceptible leaves. A cDNA library was prepared from poly(A)⁺RNA isolated from infected leaves carrying the Mlp gene for resistance (cvMlp). The library was screened by differential hybridization using [³²P]-labelled cDNA prepared from poly(A)⁺RNA of both control and infected leaves. Six cDNA clones showing greater hybridization to cDNA prepared from infected leaves were selected. These six cDNA clones hybridized to DNA isolated from barley leaves but not to DNA from conidia of the fungus. In Northern blot analysis of RNA from infected leaves the six cDNA clones each hybridized to mRNA species of different size. Translation products for three of the cDNA clones corresponded to infection-related translation products identified on 2-dimensional fluorograms. The cDNA clones were used to study the kinetics of host mRNA induction during infection of the near-isogenic cultivars of barley. The host mRNA species corresponding to the cDNA clones were induced prior to 24 h after inoculation during the primary penetration processes. In addition the mRNAs corresponding to four of the cDNA clones increased to greater amounts in cvMlp than in the near-isogenic susceptible cultivar (cvmlp) over a 2-d period following inoculation. These results suggest that the Mlp gene has a regulatory role in host gene expression resulting in enhanced expression of several host mRNA species following infection by the powdery mildew fungus.     

Syzygium humbertii and S. mortonianum spp. nov. (Myrtaceae) from Madagascar

Two new species, Syzygium humbertii Byng and S. mortonianum Byng, are described from Madagascar. When compared with other Madagascan Syzygium, S. humbertii Byng is characterised by sessile to subsessile leaves, orbicular to oval blades with usually cordate bases and rounded apices, and an obconic hypanthium. Syzygium mortonianum Byng is characterised by relatively long leaves that are typically wrinkled when dried, widely spaced venation, long petioles, and particularly dense capitate inflorescences with many flowers. Both new species are threatened with extinction and known from few contemporary collections.