共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The blue, green and red fluorescence emission of green wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. var. Rector) and soybean leaves ( Glycine max L. var. Maple Arrow) as induced by UV light (nitrogen laser: 337 nm) was determined in a phytochamber and in plants grown in the field. The fluorescence emission spectra show a blue maximum near 450 nm, a green shoulder near 530 nm and the two red chlorophyll fluorescence maxima near 690 and 735 nm. The ratio of blue to red fluorescence, F450/F690, exhibited a clear correlation to the irradiance applied during the growth of the plants. In contrast, the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio, F690/F735, and the ratio of blue to green fluorescence, F450/F530, seem not to be or are only slightly influenced by the irradiance applied during plant growth. The blue fluorescence F450 only slightly decreased, whereas the red chlorophyll fluorescence decreased with increasing irradiance applied during growth of the plants. This, in turn, resulted in greatly increased values of the ratio, F450/F690, from 0.5 – 1.5 to 6.4 – 8.0. The decrease in the chlorophyll fluorescence with increasing irradiance seems to be caused by the accumulation of UV light absorbing substances in the epidermal layer which considerably reduces the UV laser light which passes through the epidermis and excites the chlorophyll fluorescence of the chloroplasts in the subepidermal mesophyll cells. 相似文献
2.
Intensity, spectral characteristics and localization of the UV-laser (337 nm) induced blue-green and red fluorescence emission of green, etiolated and white primary leaves of wheat seedlings were studied in a combined fluorospectral and fluoromicroscopic investigation. The blue-green fluorescence of the green leaf was characterized by a maximum near 450 nm (blue region) and a shoulder near 530 nm (green region), whereas the red chlorophyll fluorescence exhibited maxima in the near-red (F690) and far-red (F735). The etiolated leaf with some carotenoids and traces of chlorophyll a, in turn, showed a higher intensity of the blue-green fluorescence with a shoulder in the green region and a strong red fluorescence peak near 684 to 690 nm, the far-red chlorophyll fluorescence maximum (F735) was, however, absent. The norfluorazone-treated white leaf, free of chlorophylls and carotenoids, only exhibited blue-green fluorescence of a very high intensity. In green and etiolated leaves the blue-green fluorescence primarily derived from the cell walls of the epidermis and the red fluorescence from the chlorophyll a of the mesophyll cells. In white leaves the blue-green fluorescence emanated from all cell walls of epidermis, mesophyll and leaf vein bundles. The shape and intensity of the blue-green and red fluorescence emission is determined by the reabsorption properties of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the mesophyll, thus giving rise to quite different values of the various fluorescence ratios F450/F690, F450/F530, F450/F735 and F690/F735 in green and etiolated leaves. 相似文献
3.
K. Szabó H. K. Lichtenthaler L. Kocsányi P. Richter 《Radiation and environmental biophysics》1992,31(2):153-160
Summary A new device for the measurement of complete laser induced fluorescence emission spectra (maxima near 690 and 735 nm) of leaves during the induction of the chlorophyll fluorescence is described. In this the excitation light (cw He/Ne laser, 632.8 nm) is switched on by a fast electro-mechanical shutter which provides an opening time of 1 ms. The emitted fluorescence is imaged onto the entrance slit of a multichannel spectrograph through a red cut-off filter (> 645 nm). A charge coupled device (CCD) sensor with 2048 elements simultaneously detects the complete chlorophyll fluorescence emission spectrum in the 650–800 nm wavelength range. Scanning is accomplished electronically and the integration time for a complete fluorescence emission spectrum can be selected from 10 ms up to 260 ms. Shutter, detector system and data acquisition are controlled by an IBM-PC/AT compatible computer. A maximum of 32 spectra can be measured at selected times during the fluorescence induction kinetics with the shortest time resolution of 10 ms. The instrument permits the determination of various fluorescence parameters:a) the rise-time of the fluorescence to the maximum level fm,b) the changes in the shape of the fluorescence emission spectra during the induction kinetics,c) the induction kinetics in the fluorescence ratio F690/F735 as well asd) the fluorescence decrease ratio Rfd at any wavelength between 650 to 800 nm. These fluorescence parameters provide information about the functioning of photosynthesis. The ratio F690/F735 allows the non-destructive determination of the chlorophyll content of leaves. The application of this instrument in ecophysiological research and stress physiology of plants is outlined. 相似文献
4.
M. Lang H. K. Lichtenthaler Malgorzata Sowinska P. Summ Francine Heisel 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》1994,107(4):230-236
Laser-induced fluorescence images of the leaf of an aurea mutant of Nicotiana tabacum were recorded for the blue and green fluorescence at 440 and 520 nm and the red chlorophyll fluorescence at 690 and 735 nm. The results obtained were compared with direct measurements of the fluorescence emission spectra of leaves using a conventional spectrofluorometer. The highest emission of blue (F440) and green fluorescence (F520) within the leaf was found in the leaf veins, particularly the main leaf vein. In contrast, the intercostal fields of leaves, which exhibited the highest chlorophyll content, showed only a very low blue and green fluorescence emission, which was much lower than the red and far-red chlorophyll fluorescence emission bands (F690 and F735). Correspondingly, the ratio of blue to red leaf fluorescence F440/F690 of upper and lower leaf side was much higher in the leaf veins (values 1.2 to 1.5) than in intercostal fields (values of 0.6 to 0.7). The results also demonstrated that in the intercostal fields the major part of the blue-green fluorescence was reabsorbed by chlorophylls and carotenoids. A partial reabsorption of the red fluorescence band near 690 nm by leaf chlorophyll took place, but did not affect the far-red fluorescence band near F735. As a consequence the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio F690/F735 exhibited significantly higher values in the chlorophyll-poor leaf vein regions (1.7 to 1.8) than in the chlorophyll-rich intercostal fields (0.8 to 1.3). Imaging spectroscopy of leaves was shown to be much more precise than the screening of fluorescence signatures by conventional fluorometers. It clearly demonstrated that the blue-green fluorescence and the red chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves exhibit an inverse contrast to each other. The advantage of the fluorescence imaging spectroscopy, which allows the simultaneous screening of the whole leaf surface and distinct parts of it, and its possible application in the detection of stress effects or local damage by insects and pathogens, is discussed. 相似文献
5.
Summary The chlorophyll content and the fluorescence induction kinetics at two wavelengths (690 nm and 735 nm) have been measured in leaves of nine common broadleaf tree species during the autumnal chlorophyll breakdown. The ratio of the chlorophyll fluorescence maxima F690/F735 was determined at fluorescence maximum (fm) and at steady-state conditions (fs) by the laser-induced fluorescence emission using the two-wavelength fluorometer. The ratio F690/F735 increases with the leaf discolouring during the autumnal chlorophyll breakdown. The relationship between the chlorophyll content and the ratio F690/F735 can be expressed by a power function (curvilinear relationship) which is valid for all the species examined. In most cases the ratio F690/F735 measured in the upper leaf side is lower than that in the lower leaf side, but the trend is the same along the decreasing chlorophyll content. The ratio F690/F735 is always higher at maximum fluorescence than at steady-state fluorescence in the upper as well as lower leaf side and these values are well fitted in a linear correlation. This study confirms the usefulness of the ratio F690/F735 as a suitable non-destructive indicator of the in-vivo chlorophyll content, especially at medium and low chlorophyll content. 相似文献
6.
M. Lang P. Siffel Zuzana Braunov H. K. Lichtenthaler 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》1992,105(6):435-440
The UV light (337 nm) induced blue-green fluorescence emission of green leaves is characterized at room temperature (298 K) by a maximum near 450 nm (blue region) and a shoulder near 525 nm (green region) and was here also studied at 77 K. At liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) the blue (F450) and green fluorescence (F525) are much enhanced as is the red chlorophyll fluorescence near 735 nm. During development of green tobacco leaves the blue fluorescence F450 (77 K) is shifted towards longer wavelengths from about 410 nm to 450 nm. The isolated leaf epidermis of tobacco showed only slight fluorescence emission with a maximum near 410 nm. The green fluorescence F525 was found to mainly originate from the mesophyll of the leaf, its intensity increased when the epidermis was removed. The red chlorophyll fluorescence emission was also enhanced when the epidermis was stripped off; this considerably changed the blue/red fluorescence ratios F450/F690 and F450/F735. The epidermis, with its cell wall and UV-light-absorbing substances in its vacuole, plays the role of a barrier for the exciting UV-light. In contrast to intact and homogenized leaves, isolated intact chloroplasts and thylakoid membranes did not exhibit a blue-green fluorescence emission. 相似文献
7.
The red laser-induced chlorophyll-fluorescence induction kinetics of predarkened leaf samples were registered simultaneously in the 690 and 730 nm regions i.e., in the region of the two chlorophyll fluorescence emission maxima. From the induction kinetics the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio F690/F730 was calculated. The ratio F690/F730 shows to be dependent on the chlorophyll content of leaves. It is significantly higher in needles of damaged spruces (values of 0.45–0.9) than in normal green needles of healthy trees (values of 0.35–0.5). During development and greening of maple leaves the ratio F690/F730 decreases with increasing chlorophyll content. Determination of the ratio F690/F730 can be a suitable method of monitoring changes in chlorophyll content in a non-destructive way in the same leaves during development or the yellowish-green discolouration of needles of damaged spruces in the Black Forest with the typical tree decline symptoms.Abbreviations F690/F730
ratio of the fluorescence yield at the two fluorescence-emission maxima in the 690 and 730 nm regions
- Fm
maximum fluorescence
- Fs
steady-state fluorescence 相似文献
8.
Residual chlorophyll in chlorophyll-deficient (albino) areas of variegated leaves of Ficus benjamina originates from guard cell chloroplasts. Photosynthetic features of green and albino sectors of F. benjamina were studied by imaging the distribution of the fluorescence decrease ratio Rfd within a leaf calculated from maximum (Fm)
and steady-state leaf chlorophyll fluorescence (Fs) at 690 and 740 nm. Local areas of albino sectors demonstrated an abnormally
high Rfd740/Rfd690 ratio. Fluorescence transients excited in albino sectors at red (640 and 690 nm) wavelengths showed an abrupt decrease of
the Rfd values (0.4 and 0.1, correspondingly) as compared with those excited at blue wavelengths (1.7–2.4). This “Red Drop”
was not observed for green sectors. Normal and chlorophyll-deficient leaf sectors of F. benjamina were also tested for linear and cyclic electron transport in thylakoids. The tests have been performed studying fluorescence
at a steady-state phase with CO2-excess impulse feeding, photoacoustic signal generated by pulse light source at wavelengths selectively exciting PSI, fluorescence
kinetics under anaerobiosis and fluorescence changes observed by dual-wavelength excitation method. The data obtained for
albino sectors strongly suggest the possibility of a cyclic electron transport simultaneously occurring in guard cell thylakoids
around photosystems I and II under blue light, whereas linear electron transport is absent or insufficient. 相似文献
9.
H. K. Lichtenthaler M. Lang Malgorzata Sowinska P. Summ Francine Heisel J. A. Miehe 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》1997,110(2):158-163
A new fluorescence imaging system for monitoring the uptake of the PSII-herbicide diuron (OCMU) was tested in tobacco leaves. UV-laser-induced (Λexc = 355 nm) fluorescence images were collected for blue fluorescence F440 (Λem = 440 nm), green fluorescence F520 (Λem = 520 nm), red chlorophyll fluorescence F690 (Λem = 690 nm) and for far-red chlorophyll fluorescence F740 (Λem = 740 nm). Diuron-treated leaf parts exhibited a higher red and far-red chlorophyll fluorescence emission (F690 and F740) than untreated leaf halves, whereas the blue and green fluorescence, F440 and F520, remained unaffected. As a consequence, the fluorescence ratios blue/red (F440/F690) and blue/far-red (F440/F740) significantly decreased in diuron-treated leaf parts. The time course of diuron uptake into the leaf could be followed by fluorescence images taken 10 and 30 min after diuron application. The novel high resolution fluorescence imaging method supplies information on the herbicide uptake of each point of the leaf area. Its great advantage as compared to the point data fluorescence measurements applied so far is discussed. 相似文献
10.
Donald T. Krizek Elisabeth M. Middleton Ravinder K. Sandhu Moon S. Kim 《Journal of plant physiology》2001,158(1):41-53
A newly developed laboratory fluorescence imaging system was used to obtain fluorescence images (FImage) of freshly excised cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves in spectral bands centered in the blue (F450), green (F550), red (F680), and far-red (F730) spectral regions that resulted from a broad-band (300-400 nm) excitation source centered at 360 nm. Means of relative fluorescence intensities (RFI) from these spectral fluorescence images were compared with spectral fluorescence emission data obtained from excitation wavelengths at 280 nm (280EX, 300-550 nm) and 380 nm (380EX, 400-800 nm) of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extracts from these leaves. All three fluorescence data types (FImage, 280EX, 380EX) were used to assess ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280-320 nm) induced physiological changes and the possible use of N-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolidinyl) ethyl]-N′-phenylurea (EDU or ethylenediurea) as a chemical protectant against UV-B damage. Plants exhibited well known foliar growth and pigment responses to UV-B exposure (e.g., increased UV-B absorbing compounds and decreased leaf area, chlorophyll a content; and and lower chlorophyll a/b and chlorophyll/carotenoid pigment ratios). Since EDU alone had no effect on foliar variables, there was no evidence that EDU afforded protection against UV-B. Instead, EDU augmented some UV-B effects when provided in conjunction with UV-B irradiation (e.g., reductions in the chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio, total photosynthetic pigments, and chlorophyll b content).Relative fluorescence intensities (RFI) in the longer visible wavelengths (green, red, and far-red) were uncorrelated for comparisons between the FImage and 380EX data sets. However, blue and green RFI were significantly correlated (0.8r0.6; P ≤0.002) for comparisons between FImage and 280EX data sets. UV-B treatment caused an increase in blue RFI (e.g., F450) in both images and 280EX measurements. One explanation is that the UV-B excitation of both 280EX and FImage stimulates processes that produce excess blue fluorescence. The molecules that produce the excess blue fluorescence in both the 280EX and the Fimage data are different electron transfer agents that operate in parallel. For FImage, the UV excitation penetrates leaf surface layers to stimulate fluorescence from compounds in mesophyll and epidermal tissues (as occurs for the extracts of leaf discs), whereas emissions captured at longer, less energetic wavelengths, were primarily from the epidermal layer. UV-B irradiated leaves showed much greater heteorgeneity of RFI in both the green (F550FImag) and the red (F680FImag) bands than unirradiated leaves; this was true irrespective of EDU treatment.Although qualitative responses in individual bands differed between FImage and 380EX data, similar results were obtained in the detection of UV-B induced effects when the red/green and blue/far-red fluorescence ratios of these data were compared. The red/green ratio (either F680/F550FImage or F675/F525380EX) was lower for UV-B exposed plants in both images and 380EX data. UV-B exposure also significantly enhanced the blue/far-red ratio of images (F450/F740FImage) and the comparable 380EX ratio (F450/F730380EX) for the combined UV-B/EDU group. The far-red/red ratios were not useful in separating treatment effects in images or 380EX. Although comparable ratios were not available in 280EX data, the UV/blue ratio (F315/F420280EX) was substantially reduced by UV-B exposure and was inversely related to total photosynthetic pigment content. These findings suggest that the red/green ratio (FImage, 380EX) and the UV/blue ratio (280EX) may be as useful as the blue/far-red ratio (380EX) reported previously in detection of UV-B stress. Furthermore, the results support the validity of the imaging technique as a non-destructive diagnostic tool for assessing UV-B stress damage in plants. 相似文献
11.
Summary The UV-B radiation (e.g. 337 nm) induced blue fluorescence (BF) and red chlorophyll fluorescence spectra (RF) of green leaves from plants with different leaf structure were determined and the possible nature and candidates of the blue fluorescence emission investigated. The blue fluorescence BF is characterized by a main maximum in the 450 nm region and in most cases by a second maximum/shoulder in the 530 nm region. The latter has been termed green fluorescence GF. The red chlorophyll fluorescence RF, in turn, exhibits two maxima in the 690 and 730 nm region. In general, the intensity of BF, GF and RF emission is significantly higher in the lower than the upper leaf side. The ratio of BF to RF emission (F450/F690) seems to vary from plant species to plant species. BF and GF emission spectra appear to be a mixed signal composed of the fluorescence emission of several substances of the plant vacuole and cell wall, which may primarily arise in the epidermis. Leaves with removed epidermis and chlorophyll-free leaves, however, still exhibit a BF and GF emission. Candidates for the blue fluorescence emission ( max near 450 nm) are phenolic substances such as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, coumarins (aesculetin, scopoletin), stilbenes (t-stilbene, rhaponticin), the spectra of which are shown. GF emission ( max near 530 nm) seems to be caused by substances like the alkaloid berberine and quercetin. Riboflavine, NADPH and phyllohydroquinoneK
1 seem to contribute little to the BF and GF emission as compared to the other plant compounds. Purified natural-carotene does not exhibit any blue fluorescence. 相似文献
12.
Summary Using the two-wavelength chlorophyll fluorometer the fluorescence induction kinetics (Kautsky effect) were measured simultaneously in the 690 nm and 730 nm region for ten common tree species during the greening period (April to July). The chlorophyll-fluorescence ratio F690/F730 (i.e. ratio of fluorescence intensity at the two maxima near 690 and 730 nm) was calculated from the laser-induced induction kinetics (He/Ne-laser 632.8 nm) at the fluorescence maximum and the steady state. The ratio F690/F730 decreases with increasing chlorophyll content of developing leaves. Its dependence on the chlorophyll content can be fairly well expressed by a power function which has a general validity for leaves, pigment extracts and chloroplast suspensions. The ratio F690/F730 is somewhat higher at maximum (fm) than at steady-state fluorescence (fs), but there is a very good correlation between both values. The ratio F690/F730 is a good indicator of the chlorophyll content and can be used as a non-destructive measure of the chlorophyll content of leaves. It also appears to be a suitable fluorescence parameter in the future remote sensing of the physiological state of the vegetation by laser-equipped airborne systems. 相似文献
13.
Plants can protect against damaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation by accumulating UV-absorbing substances in the epidermis of the leaves. Sun and shade leaves of a free standing beech tree (Fagus sylvatica L.) were studied for the differences in UV-shielding of the epidermis by means of multi-colour fluorescence images taken with UV and blue excitation. The distribution of the fluorescence intensity was detected over intact leaves in the emission maxima in the blue at 440 nm (F440), in the green at 520 nm (F520), in the red at 690 nm (F690) and in the far red at 740 nm (F740). Images of the logarithmic ratio between F690 excited in the blue and the UV (log (BF690/UVF690)) were calculated representing the relative absorption of UV in the epidermis and thus the degree of UV-shielding. It was found that UV-shielding is stronger for sun leaves than for shade leaves and better for the upper (adaxial) leaf side than for the lower (abaxial) leaf side of both leaf types. Within one leaf the highest value for the ratio log (BF690/UVF690) and thus the highest UV-shielding was found at the leaf rim which in broad leaves contains young tissue. 相似文献
14.
Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging of photosynthetic activity with the flash-lamp fluorescence imaging system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A flash-lamp chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence imaging system (FL-FIS) is described that allows to screen and image the photosynthetic
activity of several thousand leaf points (pixels) of intact leaves in a non-destructive way within a few seconds. This includes
also the registration of several thousand leaf point images of the four natural fluorescence bands of plants in the blue (440
nm) and green (520 nm) regions as well as the red (near 690 nm) and far-red (near 740 nm) Chl fluorescence. The latest components
of this Karlsruhe FL-FIS are presented as well as its advantage as compared to the classical single leaf point measurements
where only the fluorescence information of one leaf point is sensed per each measurement. Moreover, using the conventional
He-Ne-laser induced two-wavelengths Chl fluorometer LITWaF, we demonstrated that the photosynthetic activity of leaves can be determined measuring the Chl fluorescence decrease ratio,
RFd (defined as Chl fluorescence decrease Fd from maximum to steady state fluorescence Fs:Fd/Fs), that is determined by the Chl fluorescence induction kinetics (Kautsky effect). The height of the values of the Chl fluorescence
decrease ratio RFd is linearly correlated to the net photosynthetic CO2 fixation rate P
N as is indicated here for sun and shade leaves of various trees that considerably differ in their P
N. Imaging the RFd-ratio of intact leaves permitted the detection of considerable gradients in photosynthetic capacity across the leaf area
as well as the spatial heterogeneity and patchiness of photosynthetic quantum conversion within the control leaf and the stressed
plants. The higher photosynthetic capacity of sun versus shade leaves was screened by Chl fluorescence imaging. Profile analysis of fluoresence signals (along a line across the leaf
area) and histograms (the signal frequency distribution of the fluorescence information of all measured leaf pixels) of Chl
fluorescence yield and Chl fluorescence ratios allow, with a high statistical significance, the quantification of the differences
in photosynthetic activity between various areas of the leaf as well as between control leaves and water stressed leaves.
The progressive uptake and transfer of the herbicide diuron via the petiole into the leaf of an intact plant and the concomitant loss of photosynthetic quantum conversion was followed with
high precision by imaging the increase of the red Chl fluorescence F690. Differences in the availability and absorption of soil nitrogen of crop plants can be documented via this flash-lamp fluorescence imaging technique by imaging the blue/red ratio image F440/F690, whereas differences in Chl content are detected by collecting images of the fluorescence ratio red/far-red, F690/F740. 相似文献
15.
Colored light modifies the relative concentration of chlorophyll-forms of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum compared to white-light control. No change in the ratio carotenoids/chlorophylls was observed after 4 days exposure to green light (max: 530 nm), blue light (max: 470 nm) or red light ( > 650 nm) of same intensity.However, the absorption spectra were modified, the content in Ca 684, Ca 690, Ca 699 forms increased in red and green light cultures and photosynthetic unit size of PS II decreased by 30% in green and blue light cultures.Fluorescence emission and fluorescence excitation spectra according to the Butler and Kitajima method (1975) were carried out for each culture. Ca 669 form was predominant in the two photosystems. The newly appeared far red forms fluoresce at 715 nm like PS I forms.We conclude that these new forms originated in a rearrangement of PS II forms. They do not transmit excitation energy to reaction center of PS I and are disconnected from the other chlorophyll-forms of the photosynthetic antennae.Abbreviations ABS
absorption
- Ca
chlorophyll-complex
- chla
chlorophyll a
- chl c
chlorophyll c
- chl t
total chlorophylls
- D.C.M.U.
3-(3, 4 dichlorophenyl) 1-diméthyl-urea
- dv
division
- F
fluorescence
- PS I and PS II
photosystem I and photosystem II 相似文献
16.
Variability and application of the chlorophyll fluorescence emission ratio red/far-red of leaves 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Buschmann C 《Photosynthesis research》2007,92(2):261-271
17.
《Journal of bryology》2013,35(3):401-407
AbstractPhotosynthetic pigment content (chlorophylls and carotenoids), slow chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (FM and FT at 690 and 735 nm) and net CO2 assimilation rate were measured in the moss Tortuia ruralis (Hedw.) Gaertn. et al., and the lichens Cladonia convoluta (Lam.) P. Coul. and C. jurcata (Huds.) Schrad.Chlorophylls, carotenoids and net CO2 assimilation (PN) were lower (on a dry-mass basis), and F690/F735 was higher, in all three cryptogams than average values reported for vascular plants. Within the moss shoots and lichens, chlorophylls, carotenoids, the fluorescence-decrease ratio (Rfd = [FM–FT]/FT) and net photosynthesis (PN) were higher, and F690/F735 was lower, in the apical/marginal, younger parts than in the basal, older ones. F690/F735 was inversely related to chlorophyll a+b, higher values indicating lower chlorophyll content.There was a good correlation between the Rfd and PN (measured at optimal water content) in the different parts of the moss and lichens, and in samples of T. ruralis which had been exposed for two months to different levels of atmospheric pollution in a transplant experiment, a correlation also found in published work on the same species in the course of desiccation-remoistening cycles.Chlorophyll fluorescence provides a non-invasive and relatively quick measure of overall photosynthetic function for ecophysiological studies, using either slow fluorescence kinetics (as here), or measurements from fast or modulated fluorometers. 相似文献
18.
Weak red light-induced changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and in the distribution of PS I and PS II in thylakoid membranes were measured in wheat leaves to investigate effective ways to alter the excitation energy distribution between the two photosystems during state transition in vivo. Both the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fm/Fo and F685/F735, the ratio of fluorescence yields of the two photosystems at low temperature (77 K), decreased when wheat leaves were illuminated by weak red light of 640 nm, however, Fm/Fo decreased to its minimum in a shorter time than F685/F735. When Photosystem (PS II) thylakoid (BBY) membranes from adequately dark-adapted leaves (control) and from red light-illuminated leaves were subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under mildly denaturing conditions, PS I was almost absent in the control, but was present in the membranes from the leaves preilluminated with the weak red light. In consonance with this result, the content of Cu, measured by means of the energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX), increased in the central region, but decreased in the margin of the grana stacks from the leaves preilluminated by the red light as compared with the control. It is therefore suggested that: (i) both spillover and absorption cross-section changes are effective ways to alter the excitation energy distribution between the two photosystems during state transitions in vivo, and the change in spillover has a quicker response to the unbalanced light absorption of the two photosystems than the change in light absorption cross-section, and (ii) the migration of PS I towards the central region of grana stack during the transition to state 2 leads to the enhancement of excitation energy spillover from PS II to PS I. 相似文献
19.
After saturating light illumination for 3 h the potential photochemical efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) (Fv/Fm, the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence) decreased markedly and recovered basically to the level before saturating light illumination after dark recovery for 3 h in both soybean and wheat leaves, indicating that the decline in Fv/Fm is a reversible down-regulation. Also, the saturating light illumination led to significant decreases in the low temperature (77 K) chlorophyll fluorescence parameters F685 (chlorophyll a fluorescence peaked at 685 nm ) and F685/F735 (F735, chlorophyll a fluorescence peaked at 735 nm) in soybean leaves but not in wheat leaves. Moreover,trypsin (a protease) treatment resulted in a remarkable decrease in the amounts of PsbS protein (a nuclear gene psbS-encoded 22 kDa protein) in the thylakoids from saturating light-illuminated (SI), but not in those from darkadapted (DT) and dark-recovered (DRT) soybean leaves. However, the treatment did not cause such a decrease in amounts of the PsbS protein in the thylakoids from saturating light-illuminated wheat leaves. These results support the conclusion that saturating light illumination induces a reversible dissociation of some light-harvesting complex Ⅱ (LHCⅡ) from PSⅡ reaction center complex in soybean leaf but not in wheat leaf. 相似文献
20.
以汉江水华藻类尖细栅藻Scenedesmus acuminatus为材料, 研究了塑化剂(邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯, DEHP)对其光合系统的毒性效应。以不同浓度的DEHP处理S.acuminatus, 分析其光合系统电子传递特征及相关参数, 以及快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力曲线, 发现低浓度的DEHP (10 mg/L)对S.acuminatus活性反应中心的电子传递链中QA-的还原有促进作用, 而高浓度(50100 mg/L)则显著抑制; 光合活性则与DEHP浓度呈效应-剂量关系, 最大光化学效率降低; 同时DEHP显著降低SOD活性, 增加MDA含量, 而且随DEHP浓度升高, 处理时间的延长, 效果越明显。研究结果表明, DEHP处理对S.acuminatus的光合系统传递链和抗氧化系统有一定的影响,说明快速荧光动力方法能够应用于DEHP毒性效应的快速检测。 相似文献