哈尔滨地区淡水枝角类的初步调查

报告了对哈尔滨地区 40多处水域中淡水枝角类的调查结果。收集标本 1 3 0余份 ,共鉴定出淡水枝角类 3 9种 ,分别隶属于 6科、1 6属。其中有 1属、1 2种为黑龙江省新记录属种。     

猪场废水资源化处理系统中枝角类群落结构的周年动态

于2012年6月—2013年5月对上海市农业科学院内猪场废水资源化处理系统中枝角类群落结构的组成和现存量的周年变化及其主要影响因子进行了研究。结果表明:共鉴定出枝角类22种,隶属5科10属,优势种7种,主要为蚤状溞(Daphnia pulex)、多刺裸腹溞(Moina macrocopa)和角突网纹溞(Ceriodaphnia cornuta);枝角类年均生物密度和生物量分别为135.02 ind·L-1和11.14 mg·L-1;密度和生物量的最高峰分别出现在6月和4月,最低值分别出现在1月和7月。枝角类的Shannon指数、Pielou指数和Margalef指数均呈现秋冬季高、夏春季低的规律。枝角类的种群特征指数和环境因子的Pearson相关性分析表明,p H、溶解氧、总氮、总磷和氨氮是影响该系统枝角类群落结构变化的主要环境因子。     

上海世博园后滩湿地枝角类群落结构的周年动态

上海世博园后滩湿地是中国2010年上海世界博览会规划区的重点项目.于2009年9月-2010年8月对后滩湿地枝角类群落结构的组成和现存量的时空变化及其主要影响因子进行研究.共鉴定枝角类36种,隶属于5科13属.优势种12种,主要为圆形盘肠潘、卵形盘肠潘、长肢秀体溞和晶莹仙达潘等.枝角类年均生物密度和生物量分别为5.7 ind·L-1和0.3559 mg.L-1;现存量的周年变化模式均呈双峰型,密度和生物量的主高峰分别出现在4月和7月,次高峰分别出现在7月和5月.枝角类的Shannon指数、Pielou指数和Margelf指数均呈现夏秋季高、春冬季低的格局.枝角类群落结构和环境因子的典型对应分析表明,水温、pH、DO和NO2--N是世博园后滩湿地枝角类群落结构变化的主要影响因子.     

测定淡水枝角类生物量的两种方法比较

测定枝角类生物量(湿重,下同)的关键是测知其体重。1981年以来,国内测定淡水枝角类体重的常用方法为两种,即“浮游动物个体重量计算标准(枝角类)”和“常见淡水枝角类体长与体重回归方程”。以此两法通过对四川沱江21种常见枝角类811个不同个体之体重与生物量进行比较测定的结果说明,两法的差距大,尤以中、小型个体为甚。     

博斯腾湖枝角类群落结构特征及其影响因子

2010—2013年对博斯腾湖17个站位的枝角类及其影响因子进行了11次季度采样调查,阐述了枝角类群落结构特征及其演替动态,分析了博斯腾湖枝角类物种和多样性对环境变量的响应.结果表明： 1)调查期间共鉴定枝角类14种,其中优势种3种.与历史数据比较,喜贫营养型水体的种类减少甚至消失,喜富营养型水体的种类逐步占据群落优势地位.2)枝角类密度时空变动较大,调查期间各站位密度变幅为0～567.0 ind·L^-1,总平均为30.0 ind·L^-1;年际变动上2011年最高(82.5 ind·L^-1),之后逐年递减;水平分布上密度差异显著,主要呈沿岸浅水区高、中心深水区低的特点.3)水温是影响枝角类群落最重要的生态因子;种类分布对水深的响应表现在长刺溞在深水区分布较多,长额象鼻溞多集中在浅水区;食物限制和食浮游动物鱼类的捕食可能是影响博斯腾湖枝角类群落结构变动的重要原因.     

轮虫和枝角类的种间竞争及其影响因子研究进展

轮虫和枝角类是浮游动物群落的重要组成部分和优势类群,它们之间的竞争互作是调节水生态系统结构和功能的主要动力之一。普遍的观点认为,轮虫和大型枝角类难以共存,往往被竞争排斥,而和小型枝角类可以共存;实际上,轮虫和枝角类的种间竞争结局存在一定的不确定性。介绍了轮虫和枝角类的种间竞争方式及其相对重要性,对影响轮虫和枝角类种间竞争结局的因素,包括温度、食物、相对起始密度、个体大小、食物临点、耐饥饿能力、捕食及竞争者和捕食者释放的化感物质等,进行了系统的梳理和分析,并提出了今后亟待解决的科学问题和研究切入点。     

南漪湖沉积物枝角类卵鞍密度的垂直变化及其与营养盐的关系

本文研究了南漪湖沉积物(1～28 cm)中枝角类卵鞍密度的垂直变化.共鉴定出中华拟同形溞、盔形溞、蚤状溞、网纹溞、微型裸腹溞、象鼻溞、船卵溞、粗刺大尾溞和盘肠溞9种枝角类的卵鞍.大型溞属种类和小型枝角类卵鞍密度的变化范围分别为0～2.0和0～10.0 ind·g^-1 DM.中华拟同形溞和网纹溞分别是南漪湖沉积物大型枝角类和小型枝角类的优势种.中华拟同形溞的卵鞍密度与1^#采样点沉积物中总磷含量呈显著负相关,与3^#采样点沉积物中总氮、总磷含量均呈显著正相关.在3个采样点中(除2^#采样点总氮外),网纹溞的卵鞍密度与沉积物中总氮、总磷含量均呈显著正相关.结果暗示,湖泊富营养化和鱼类捕食影响了南漪湖枝角类群落结构的历史演变.     

东海浮游枝角类生态学研究

根据1997~2000年在东海23°30′~33°00′N、118°30′~128°00′E海域4个季节的海洋调查资料,探讨了东海浮游枝角类生态特征、数量变化和相应的动力学。结果表明,枝角类丰度夏季最高(17.16 ind.(100 m3)-1),秋季(14.68 ind.(100 m3)-1)次之,春季(0.63 ind.(100 m3)-1)较低,冬季该类未出现。春、夏、秋季的肥胖三角氵蚤(Evadne tergestina)和夏季的鸟喙尖头氵蚤(Penilia avirostris)是影响枝角类数量分布的主要种;春、夏、秋季枝角类总丰度与盐度呈负线性相关关系,与水温相关关系不显著。枝角类较高丰度区常位于沿岸淡水水团与其他水团交汇处偏沿岸水一侧。其数量变化动力主要来自沿岸冲淡水势力,特别是长江冲淡水势力的消长。枝角类在东海出现率较低,有一定的集群性,较高丰度的分布基本上局限在冲淡水势力影响范围内,其高丰度的水域是沿岸水团的一个重要标志。     

四川枝角类的初步研究

四川省幅员辽阔、地形复杂,有关鱼类重要饵料资源的淡水枝角类,过去虽有一些国内、外学者进行了调查研究,但都不够全面。蒋燮治和堵南山(1979)在编著中国动物志枝角类时,总共记述了45种。而就在动物志中记述了与四川接攘的湖北省有枝角类68种,云南省有76种,这也说明有关四川枝角类的调查研究是不够的。作者借工作之便,近三年内收集的浮游生物标本中,经初步整理鉴定,共有枝角类65种,隶属于24属,6科,其中有26种为我省第一次记录。根据蒋氏等记载的45种中,尚有6种(鹦鹉溞Daphnia(Cteno-daphnia)psittacea、宽尾网纹溞Ceriodaphnia laticaudat…     

几种枝角类的卵鞍形态及表面超微结构

用光镜和扫描电镜对浙东地区八种常见淡水枝角类卵鞍形态和表面结构进行了观察和比较。卵鞍形态多为三角形或豆荚形,表面大都具特定的纹饰,内储冬卵1－2枚。卵鞍的形态、表面纹饰、冬卵的数量的排列方向具有种的特异性。枝角类的分类地位相距越远,卵鞍形态和表面结构相差越大,相近种和亚种间的卵鞍在光镜下难以区别,亚显微结构却有一定的差异。卵鞍的形态和结构作为枝角类的分类依据是有意义的。     

The genus Uromunna (Crustacea: Isopoda: Munnidae) in New South Wales,Australia, with a key for all known species

The invertebrate collection of the Australian Museum revealed the existence of three new species of the genus Uromunna (family Munnidae) from New South Wales, Australia. Uromunna tenagoika sp. nov. from Batemans Bay has the head anterior margin concave, without simple setae; eyes with few ommatidia, eye lobes with both margins parallel, in male posterior margin directed forward; pereonite 7 as wide as pereonite 6, subequal to pleotelson width; pleotelson distal margin pointed, suburopodal shelf present; mandible palp absent; pereopod I propodus robust setae absent; pereopods relatively short; pleopod IV exopod distal tip with one pappose seta. Uromunna rhamnda sp. nov. from Batemans Bay has a head anterior margin concave, without simple setae; eye lobes with both margins parallel, in male posterior margin parallel to frontal margin; pleotelson distal margin pointed, suburopodal shelf absent; mandible palp present; pereopod I propodus robust setae absent; pleopod IV exopod distal tip with one pappose seta. Uromunna eora sp. nov. was found at Southern Creek, located north of Sydney and is the first species of the genus described from a fully freshwater environment with no marine water input. It has a relatively elongate body (length 3.4× width), anterior margin concave, eye lobes with both margins converging distally, in male posterior margin directed forward; pereonite 7 as wide as pereonite 6, wider than pleotelson width; pleotelson distal margin truncate, suburopodal shelf present; mandible palp present; pereopod I propodus robust setae present; pleopod IV exopod distal tip with two pappose setae. This work raises the number of Uromunna species found in Australia to a total of six.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D877FC47-BC6E-4827-BA89-3A75AFDE1124     

吴氏角叶蚤幼虫形态记述及其与同属另外三种的比较（蚤目：角叶蚤科）

描述了吴氏角叶蚤Ceratophyllus wui Wang et Liu 的幼虫形态,并与同属三种蚤幼虫作比较,标本采自湖北省西北部神农架海拔2 300 m 短嘴金丝燕四川亚种 Collocalia brevirostris innominata巢窝内。     

Angiopteris sparsisora Ching,sp. nov.—a putative bigeneric hybrid

Angiopteris sparsisora Ching, sp. nov. Species nova ab omnibus affinibus adhuc cognitis recedit rhizomate repente, dorsiventrali, habitu minore stipite tenui, levi, paleis brunneis lineari-lanceolatis margine irregulariter fimbriatis peltati-fixis, pinnulis basi cuneatis vel late cuneatis, distincte breviterque petiolulatis, soris longitudine variis, inter se separatis a margine magis remotis, paraphysibus rudimentalibus brevibus sparse praesentibus. Tota planta 1—1.2 m alata, rhizomate repente, carnoso, cylindrico, dorsiventrali, 5—6 cm diametro, radicoso, apice frondes 2—3 emittente, stipite 35—70 cm longo, 4—8 mm crasso, levi viridi, supra medium uni-geniculato (in frondibus pinnatis usque subbipinnatis), paleis brunneis lineari-lanceolatis basi rotunda peltati-fixis margine varie fimbriatis sparse vestito; lamina stipite longiore, bipinnata aut subb ipinnata raro superne simpliciter pinnata; pinnis 2—3(—7)-jugis, ,alternis vel suboppositis, oblongis, 45—55 cm longis, 18—23 cm latis, petiolo 4—16 cm longo suffultis, basi tumidis, pinnatis vel interdum simplicibus vel basi pinnatifidis; pinnulis plerumque 8—12-jugis, alternis vel suboppositis, patentibus, 8—18 cm longis, medio 1.5—3cm latis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, basin versus cuneatis vel late cuneatis, breviter petiolatis, pinnula terminali confomi paulo majore, petiolulata, hasi baud in alas decurrente, margine serrulatis; venis utrinquo distinctis, patentibus, simplicibus vel furcatis, prope marginem curvatis; pagina frondis textura in sicco virescente, chartacea, rachi, costis, costulis venisque subtus sparsim minuteque paleaceis. Soris breviter linearibus, 2—4 mm longis, 10—32-sporangiatis, inter se separatis, a margine 2—3 mm, remotis; paraphysibus sparsis brevibusrudimentalibus. Sporis globulosis, suparficie dense tubuculatis. Yunnan austro-orientalis: Xichou Xian, Fadou, S. K. Wu 4203 (typus, PE), 4198, 8, October, 1962; ibidem, Z. R. Wang 566-1, 566-2, 566-3, 566-4, 566-5, 15, January, 1978; ibidem V. M. Chu 8212, 15, January, 1978. in valley under evergreen broadleaved forests, alt. 1500—1550m. In the tropical rain forest in southeastern Yunnan, China, the members of Angiopteris Hoffm. and Archangiopteris Christ et Gies. are often growing side by side in great abundance. In January 1978 the second writer made a botantical trip there and collected in one locality ample herbarium material of an Angiopteris, which is identical with A. sparsisora Ching (ined.), based upon type specimens gathered by Mr. S. K. Wu from the same locality in 1962. To our great surprise, however, this distinct taxon reveals a number of important morphological characteristics intermediate between Angiopteris and Archangiopteris as diagnosed above. The present species resembles Archangiopteris in small build with creeping dorsiventral rhizome, unigeniculate, thin, smooth stipe in pinnate to bipinnatifid fronds, sparingly clad in linear-lanceolate peltately affixed scales with variously fimbriate margin, lamina 1—2 pinnate or subbipinnate, pinnules distinctly and shortly stipitate, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, sori of different length separated from each other by broad spaces, and rather far away (2—3 mm) from the margin, paraphyses few, rudimentary and short, but, on the other hand, it also similar to Angiopteris in usually bipinnate fronds, the petiole of pinnae with swollen base (blackish upon drying), short (2—4 mm long) linear sori consisting of 5—16 pairs of sporangia and globulax spores with densely tubucular sporoderms. All the above characteristics combined clearly indicate the species is in all likelihood a natural hybrid between Angiopteris and Archangiopteris, pending cytological investigation and the reason for presently placing it in Angiopteris rather than in Archangiopteris is because of the fact that in overall impression the newtaxon appears more like the former than the latter.     

Morphology and ultrastructure of modern and fossil spores in order Schizaeales schimp

The morphology and ultrastructure of modern and fossil spores were investigated using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopes. We grouped spores into two groups according to ultrastructural features and sculptures of sporoderm: 1—exospore of Anemia and Klukia form the echini of sculpture; 2—exospore of Lygodium is smooth and perispore forms sculpture.     

Poorly known stonefly species, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Isoperla pseudornata</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Kaszabia nigricauda</Emphasis> (Plecoptera,Perlodidae), from the Eastern Palaearctic

The previously unknown male of Isoperla pseudornata Zhiltzova and nymph of Kaszabia nigricauda (Navás) of the family Perlodidae are described. Sternite VIII of the male of I. pseudornata has no vesicle, the posterior margin is covered medially with strong short brownish setae. Sternite IX forms a subgenital plate. The everted aedeagus is upcurved, turned towards the dorsum, with two rounded lobes and one finger-shaped apical lobe terminating with a membranous funnel depressed medially. The aedeagus membrane is covered with small fine pointed sclerotized spinules; spinules absent on the tip of the funnel. The funnel basally and the finger-shaped apical lobe ventrally are covered with fine pointed sclerotized spinules and rounded sclerotized formations. I. pseudornata differs from the other Eastern Palaearctic congeners in the shape of spots on the head, pronotum, and abdominal tergites. The head of K. nigricauda nymph bears a large brown M-shaped spot forming along the anterior margin two fine stripes widened on the frontoclypeus; the interocular area bears a small pale spot merged with the large transverse W-shaped spot on the occiput. The lacinia is narrowed to the apex, bidentate; the tip of the galea reaches the base of the subapical tooth. The pronotum bears a pale cruciform medial spot, the lateral fields are dark, the lateral margins are pale. The meso-and metanotum exhibit a pale complicated pattern widened to the base of the wing pads. The legs are pale. The abdominal tergites are brown, with a pale transverse stripe widened laterally on the last tergites. Tergite X bears a large pale heart-shaped spot medially. The cerci bear a silky hair fringe dorsally; in the apical part, the apical whorl of cerci has short setae; one ventral and one dorsal seta are longer than the others; the dorsal setae are longer than ventral ones.     

皖北志留纪盔甲鱼类的新发现

本文记述了盔甲鱼类的一新属种——珍奇秀甲鱼(Geraspis rara gen. et sp. nov.),它代表—新科(Geraspididae fam. nov)。头甲及其后覆盖鳞片部分呈正常连接。主要特征为:间带短,角呈狭长的三角形,伸向后方。侧背沟靠近头甲中背线。鳞为小而密集的菱形。     

Dynamics of the formin for3p in actin cable assembly

BACKGROUND: Formins are a conserved family of actin nucleators responsible for the assembly of diverse actin structures such as cytokinetic rings and filopodia. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the formin for3p is necessary for the formation of actin cables, which are bundles of short parallel actin filaments that regulate cell polarity. These filaments are largely organized with their barbed ends facing the cell tip, where for3p is thought to function in their assembly. RESULTS: Here, using a functional for3p-3GFP fusion expressed at endogenous levels, we find that for3p localizes to small dots that appear transiently at cell tips and then move away on actin cables at a rate of 0.3 microm/s. These movements were dependent on the continuous assembly of actin in cables, on the ability of for3p to bind actin within its FH2 domain, and on profilin and bud6p, two formin binding proteins that promote formin activity. Bud6p transiently colocalizes with for3p at the cell tip and stays behind at the cell tip when for3p detaches. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a new model for actin cable assembly: a for3p particle is activated and promotes the assembly of a short actin filament at the cell tip for only seconds. For3p and the actin filament may then be released from the cell tip and carried passively into the cell interior by retrograde flow of actin filaments in the cable. These studies reveal a complex and dynamic cycle of formin regulation and actin cable assembly in vivo.     

中国束盲蝽属二新种记述(半翅目,盲蝽科,叶盲蝽亚科)

记述中国束盲蝽属Pilophorus 2新种,即修长束盲蝽Pilophorus elongatus sp.nov.及壮黑束盲蝽Pilophorus fortinigritus sp.nov..文中提供了新种成虫背面观照片及雄性生殖器特征图.新种模式标本保存于南开大学昆虫学研究所.