我国铁线莲属植物资源研究进展

系统介绍了国内铁线莲属植物在系统分类、种质资源、发育生物学、细胞染色体学、植物生理学、育种学、引种驯化及繁殖、栽培学方面的研究情况,提出在铁线莲属植物资源收集与保存、新品种培育方面进一步研究的重点。     

甘肃省野生铁线莲属植物分布特征及观赏性评价

目的：对甘肃省野生铁线莲属（Clematis）植物的分布特征及观赏性评价进行研究,为野生铁线莲属植物的开发利用和优良性状品种的选育提供理论基础。方法：以甘肃省42种（含变种）野生铁线莲属植物为研究对象,分析其分布特征;采用层次分析（APH）法对甘肃省野生铁线莲属植物花色、花径、叶类型等13个指标进行观赏性综合评价。结果：甘肃省野生铁线莲属植物在海拔1000～2500 m半干旱、半湿润地区、暖温带和高原气候区较为集中。AHP分析得出甘肃省42种（含变种）野生铁线莲属植物的花色、花径、花显著度、果型/柔毛权重系数均大于1.2,是影响野生铁线莲属植物观赏性重要指标。结论：通过计算分析得出6种野生铁线莲评分均大于4.0,属于观赏Ⅰ级,即大花绣球藤、大花薄叶铁线莲、薄叶铁线莲、长瓣铁线莲、美花铁线莲、毛果铁线莲为观赏性状优良的铁线莲属植物,是极具开发利用价值的优良野生植物种质资源。     

浙江铁线莲属植物资源及其开发应用前景

浙江省铁线莲属植物作为重要的观赏植物和药用植物资源,其开发利用前景广阔。本文从植物分类学角度,总结了浙江省野生铁线莲属的种类及分布情况,并探讨其园林应用前景。     

铁线莲属21个类群的染色体核型分析

铁线莲属(Clematis L.)为毛茛科大属之一,具有重要的园艺与药用价值。为探讨铁线莲属植物染色体组演化规律,揭示属下组间及种间的亲缘关系,该研究采用常规压片法对铁线莲属21个类群的根尖进行处理、压片,对染色体的形态特征进行观察及核型分析,同时利用Ward联接法进行聚类分析研究。狭裂太行铁线莲、毛果扬子铁线莲、卷萼铁线莲、中印铁线莲、钝萼铁线莲的染色体形态为首次报道。结果表明:铁线莲属21个类群均为二倍体,染色体数均为16(2n=2x=16),除中印铁线莲外其他类群均具随体;长瓣铁线莲、钝萼铁线莲、芹叶铁线莲、褐毛铁线莲、C.flammula、毛果扬子铁线莲的染色体为“2B”型,其他类群染色体为“2A”型;铁线莲属核型不对称系数在60.29%~63.79%之间;铁线莲属植物染色体组表现的较为原始,种间核型存在广泛变异。综上结果表明,铁线莲属植物染色体数目应由二倍体向多倍体演化后通过多倍体的二倍化过程产生非整倍体方向演化。铁线莲属染色体的演化主要在二倍体水平上进行,通过产生染色体结构变异的方式实现,通过产生杂合染色体、加强核型不对称性、染色体类型改变以及随体染色体的变化四种途径进化。同时,核型特征在分组水平与物种水平上的划分与传统分类基本一致,说明核型分析可为铁线莲属下组一级分类提供一定的线索。该研究结果为铁线莲属植物系统分类、遗传演化与资源利用等研究领域提供了新的参考资料。     

铁线莲属植物的化学成分研究进展

多年来,铁线莲属许多植物的根作为传统中药“威灵仙”入药。近几十年来,从该属植物中分离得到多种化合物,如三萜皂苷、黄酮、生物碱、原白头翁素等成分。文章重点介绍了铁线莲属植物的化学成分研究进展,有助于对该属植物做进一步的开发。     

铁线莲属植物分类学及园艺学研究进展

从分类地位、引种育种、繁殖栽培和资源开发等方面,对铁线莲属植物的研究现状进行了较为系统的综述,并对其野生资源的合理利用和保护提出了一些建议,为今后进一步的研究工作提供参考。今后我国应在保护种质资源的基础上,加强铁线莲新品种的培育,尽快实现产业化生产。     

铁线莲属一新分类系统

提出毛茛科Ranunculaceae铁线莲属Clematis一新分类系统。首先,简要回顾了此属的分类学研究历史,继对此属的营养器官和生殖器官的重要形态特征和花粉特征进行了分析,揭示出一系列演化趋势。这些趋势,尤其是萼片和雄蕊的演化趋势说明在现存的铁线莲属植物中,绣球藤Clematis montana与其少数近缘种的花构造最接近比铁线莲属原始的银莲花属Anemone,因此,包括绣球藤等植物的绣球藤组sect. Cheirpsis被认为是铁线莲属的原始群。主要根据花构造对铁线莲属现存的15组的亲缘关系进行了分析,发现它们是在4条演化干(绣球藤干、欧洲铁线莲干、尾叶铁线莲干、长瓣铁线莲干)的演化过程中先后形成的。本文将此4条演化干处理为亚属。最后做出属下各级分类群的系统排列,并给出简要的形态特征。     

大花铁线莲

大花铁线莲是毛茛科铁线莲属的园艺杂交品种。它们色彩鲜艳的花朵实际上是由花瓣状的萼片组成,其花形又似精美的风车与所攀缘的栏杆完美的搭配成一体,显得优雅别致。在一个世纪前铁线莲就已被西方人广泛喜爱并大量使用,而它的育种工作则更早。我国是铁线莲属植物资源最...     

6种铁线莲属植物的柱头特征对传粉的适应

为了解传粉过程中柱头对花粉的捕获策略,对6种铁线莲属植物（甘青铁线莲、灌木铁线莲、粉绿铁线莲、薄叶铁线莲、粗齿铁线莲和短尾铁线莲）的柱头显微结构进行扫描电镜观察,发现6种铁线莲属植物的柱头均位于花柱的腹缝面,由花柱腹缝两侧细胞发育成柱头乳突,乳突形状随花期逐步从球状到指状甚至长指状过度,并伴随着柱头受粉面从花柱顶端朝花柱基部渐次发育成熟的特殊发育式样。观察分析6种铁线莲的花部综合征及花粉胚珠比（P/O）发现,柱头的此类发育式样与其他花部构成存在功能上的协同一致。为理解铁线莲属植物花部的进化提供了新的思路和视野,对观赏用铁线莲属植物的育种栽培具参考价值。     

湖北铁线莲属的区系特征及地理分布

在查阅文献和标本采集鉴定的基础上,确认湖北铁线莲属(Clematis L．)有37种14变种。对湖北铁线莲属的区系地理进行了分析。铁线莲属的分布中心在中国的亚热带地区,在中国范围内云南和四川分布的种类最多(包括变种),然后以此为中心向四周的分布逐渐减少。湖北铁线莲属大部分种类分布在鄂西山区。湖北铁线莲属的地理成分以中国特有分布为主,中国特有成分占湖北种类总数的68．6％。区系的性质是温带性的。根据毛茛科最原始的类群金莲花亚科Subfam．Helleboroideae起源中心的推测和铁线莲属古老类群的分布,推测铁线莲属起源于中国西南地区,并以此解释湖北铁线莲属区系和周围省份铁线莲属区系的关系。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.