pIRES2-GDNF-NT-3真核表达载体的构建与鉴定(英文)

目的:采用一种简便和高效的方法构建双基因共表达载体pIRES2-GDNF-NT-3。方法:人胶质细胞源性神经营养因子和神经营养素3是采用PCR的方法从人外周血单个核细胞的基因组DNA中获取,将人胶质细胞源性神经营养因子的cDNA片段插入到pIRES2-EGFP多克隆位点构建成为pIRES2-GDNF-EGFP.神经营养素3 cDNA片段通过替换EGFP的方式插入到pIRES2-GDNF-EGFP中构建成为pIRES2-GDNF-NT-3双基因共表达载体。结果:人胶质细胞源性神经营养因子和神经营养素3被克隆,通过测序和酶切鉴定的得知与基因库报道序列一致。结论:人神经生长因子和神经营养素3双基因真核表达载体成功构建,它提供了一个新的表达系统,为进一步研究双基因的功能奠定了基础。     

pIRES2-GDNF-NT-3真核表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的：采用一种简便和高效的方法构建双基因共表达载体pIRES2-GDNF-NT-3。方法：人胶质细胞源性神经营养因子和神经营养素3是采用PCR的方法从人外周血单个核细胞的基因组DNA中获取,将人胶质细胞源性神经营养因子的cDNA片段插入到pIRES2-EGFP多克隆位点构建成为pIRES2-GDNF-EGFP．神经营养素3cDNA片段通过替换EGFP的方式插入到pIRES2-GDNF-EGFP中构建成为pIRES2-GDNF-NT-3双基因共表达栽体。结果：人胶质细胞源性神经营养因子和神经营养素3被克隆,通过测序和酶切鉴定的得知与基因库报道序列一致。结论：人神经生长因子和神经营养素3双基因真核表达载体成功构建,它提供了一个新的表达系统,为进一步研究双基因的功能奠定了基础。     

Cloning and integration of DNA fragments in human cells via the inverted terminal repeats of the adeno-associated virus 2 genome.

In current systems for molecular cloning of eukaryotic genes, bacterial cells are routinely utilized as intermediate hosts. We investigated the possibility of using a viral system for cloning DNA fragments independent of bacterial cell usage. In this report, we provide an alternative approach for molecular cloning of DNA fragments in eukaryotic cells by utilizing the inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) of the genome of a nonpathogenic human parvovirus, the adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV). We constructed a series of chimeric linear duplex DNA molecules, ranging in length from 1.8 to 7.2 kb, containing the cruciform structures of AAV-ITRs at both ends. These 'no-end' (NE) DNA structures, when transfected into adenovirus-infected human cells in the presence of AAV replication proteins (Rep), underwent DNA replication. Furthermore, in the presence of AAV capsid proteins (Cap), all replicated DNA molecules of less than 5.0 kb were packaged into mature, biologically active AAV progeny virions. When a chimeric NE DNA (NE-neo) containing a gene (neo) encoding resistance to neomycin was transfected into human cells, neoR clones could be readily isolated in the presence of G418 (Geneticin). Southern-blot analysis of genomic DNA of several independently isolated neoR clones suggested stable integration of the NE-neo DNA into the host chromosomal DNA. AAV-ITRs, therefore, offer an alternative system for molecular cloning, as well as packaging of DNA fragments in mammalian cells independent of bacterial cell usage.     

A rapid method for cloning and sequencing variable-region genes of expressed immunoglobulins

A rapid procedure is described for cloning immunoglobulin V region genes from cells that express them. cDNA is synthesized from mRNA template using primers homologous to the immunoglobulin constant-region genes. Blunt-ended, double-stranded cDNA is obtained by sequential addition of enzymes to a single tube. The cDNA is inserted directly into the M13 vector, which is screened by plaque lifting for the presence of specific inserts. Screening probes can be generated from 32P-labeled single-stranded cDNAs generated from primers different from those used for cloning, or alternatively, from previously cloned V or C gene segments. The ease of cloning a cDNA V region is directly related to the abundance of Ig-specific mRNA within the cell of interest. This method minimizes the number of steps and the time needed to obtain accurate and complete sequences of any expressed Ig V region gene.     

Molecular cloning, sequence analysis, and functional expression of a novel growth regulator, oncostatin M.

Oncostatin M is a polypeptide of Mr approximately 28,000 that acts as a growth regulator for many cultured mammalian cells. We report the cDNA and genomic cloning, sequence analysis, and functional expression in heterologous cells of oncostatin M. cDNA clones were isolated from mRNA of U937 cells that had been induced to differentiate into macrophagelike cells by treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and a genomic clone was also isolated from human brain DNA. Sequence analysis of these clones established the 1,814-base-pair cDNA sequence as well as exon boundaries. This sequence predicted that oncostatin M is synthesized as a 252-amino-acid polypeptide, with a 25-residue hydrophobic sequence resembling a signal peptide at the N terminus. The predicted oncostatin M amino acid sequence shared no homology with other known proteins, but the sequence of the 3' noncoding region of the cDNA contained an A + T-rich stretch with sequence motifs found in the 3' untranslated regions of many cytokine and lymphokine cDNAs. Oncostatin M mRNA of approximately 2 kilobase pairs was detected in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated U937 cells and in activated human T cells. Transfection of cDNA encoding the oncostatin M precursor into COS cells resulted in the secretion of proteins with the structural and functional properties of oncostatin M. The unique amino acid sequence, expression by lymphoid cells, and growth-regulatory activities of oncostatin M suggest that it is a novel cytokine.     

一条大鼠睾丸新基因的生物信息学分析及真核表达

目的:探讨大鼠睾丸组织一条新基因的生物信息学特征和真核表达。方法:构建pEGFP-N1载体的融合质粒进行真核表达,利用生物信息学手段分析基因和蛋白功能。结果:生物信息学分析表明RSA14-44的编码区序列与人类及鼠源RAS同源基因家族核酸序列达到85%以上的同源性;RSA14-44蛋白没有典型的跨膜结构域,也没有典型的N末端信号肽;与人类RhoA蛋白序列达到了89%的同源且具有Rho家族成员的GAAX盒和p-loop结构的基序特征;RSA14-44蛋白大部分氨基酸序列与Rho家族7个已知结构域高度同源;RSA14-44基因真核表达定位于细胞质。结论:RSA14-44基因真核表达定位于CHO-K1细胞质,;编码蛋白质与Rho家族同源性高,为进一步研究其生物学功能提供参考。     

Differential gene alteration among hepatoma cell lines demonstrated by cDNA microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization

We assayed chromosomal abnormalities in hepatoma cell lines using the microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) method and investigated the relationship between genomic copy number alterations and expression profiles in these hepatoma cell lines. We modified a cDNA array-CGH assay to compare genomic DNAs from seven hepatoma cell lines, as well as DNA from two non-hepatoma cell lines and from normal cells. The mRNA expression of each sample was assayed in parallel by cDNA microarray. We identified small amplified or deleted chromosomal regions, as well as alterations in DNA copy number not previously described. We predominantly found alterations of apoptosis-related genes in Hep3B and HepG2, cell adhesion and receptor molecules in HLE, and cytokine-related genes in PLC/PRF/5. About 40% of the genes showing amplification or loss showed altered levels of mRNA (p < 0.05). Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the expression of these genes allows differentiation between alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing and AFP-negative cell lines. cDNA array-CGH is a sensitive method that can be used to detect alterations in genomic copy number in tumor cells. Differences in DNA copy alterations between AFP-producing and AFP-negative cells may lead to differential gene expression and may be related to the phenotype of these cells.     

Differential splicing of thymosin beta 4 mRNA

A cDNA clone was isolated from a mouse pre-B cell line, the sequence of which has a very high homology with rat and human thymosin beta 4 genes. However, the mouse clone has an insertion of 98 bp relative to the published rat and human sequences upstream of the coding region. By isolation of a second set of clones from a different cDNA library and by cloning a PCR amplified region of mouse genomic DNA it was confirmed that the insertion is not a cloning artifact. Furthermore, it was shown by RNase protection assays with RNA from the pre-B cell line that two sizes of thymosin beta 4 mRNA exist, a long form containing the 98 nucleotide insertion, and a short form that corresponds to the known rat and human mRNA. The short form is about 50 times more abundant than the long form. Analysis of genomic DNA by sequencing and Southern blotting revealed that both forms are encoded by a single gene in the mouse. The two forms of mRNA arise by differential RNA splicing; the long mRNA contains three separate exons, whereas the short mRNA is missing exon 2. The long mRNA is present in two different pre-B cell lines, spleen and thymus, but could not be detected in brain, liver, and kidney. It is possible that the longer mRNA, which encodes a hydrophobic NH2-extension of six additional amino acids, plays a role in lymphocyte function or development. In contrast to the mouse which has a single thymosin beta 4 gene, rat and human have multiple homologs. Most or all of these also contain sequences that cross-hybridize with the newly discovered exon 2. A polymorphic thymosin beta 4 gene has been found in human DNA.     

Second-strand cDNA synthesis with E. coli DNA polymerase I and RNase H: the fate of information at the mRNA 5' terminus and the effect of E. coli DNA ligase

A simple method for generating cDNA libraries has been described (1) in which RNase H-DNA polymerase I-mediated second-strand cDNA synthesis primes from an RNA oligonucleotide derived from the 5' (capped) end of mRNA. The size of this oligonucleotide and the fate of the information corresponding to the RNA during subsequent cloning have not been established. We show here that the 5'-most RNA primer varies in length from 8 to 21 nucleotides, and that information corresponding to the length of the RNA primer is normally lost during cloning. A modification of the second-strand cDNA synthesis procedure is described which allows cloning of all, or almost all, of the primer sequence information. In addition, we show that the presence of E. coli DNA ligase during second-strand cDNA synthesis can increase the length of the cDNA clones obtained from long RNAs. Cloning by addition of linkers provides the greatest chance of obtaining near full-length cDNA clones from long mRNAs.     

Molecular cloning of human immune interferon cDNA and its expression in eukaryotic cells.

Starting with mRNA derived from Staphylococcal enterotoxin A induced human splenocytes, dsDNA was synthesized and inserted into unique BamHI site of the eukaryotic expression vector pSV529 (1). A recombinant plasmid containing human immune interferon (IFN-gamma) cDNA was identified by hybridization of plasmid inserted DNA bound onto nitrocellulose filters with mRNA derived from SEA-induced splenocytes, translation of the eluted RNA in Xenopus laevis oocytes and assaying for IFN activity. Plasmids containing the entire human IFN-gamma cDNA sequence were identified by colony hybridization and were sequenced. A unique coding region was identified which predicted a protein of 166 amino acids, the 20 N-terminal amino acids of which presumably represent a signal peptide. After transfection of monkey cells with plasmid DNA isolated from one of the recombinant clones (pHIIF-SV-gamma 1), IFN was excreted into the culture medium. This IFN was not distinguishable from human IFN-gamma by serological criteria or by cell target species specificity.     

Development of a novel bacterial artificial chromosome cloning system for functional studies

Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) cloning systems currently in use generate high quality genomic libraries for gene mapping, identification, and sequencing. However, the most commonly used BAC cloning systems do not facilitate functional studies in eukaryotic cells. To overcome this limitation, we have developed pEBAC190G, a new BAC vector that combines the features of the first generation PAC/BAC vectors with eukaryotic elements that facilitate the transfection, episomal maintenance, and functional analysis of large genomic fragments in eukaryotic cells. A number of different cloning strategies may be used to retrofit genomic fragments from existing libraries into the new vector. The system was tested by the retrofitting of a 170kb NotI genomic fragment from the RPCI-11 BAC library into the NotI site of pEBAC190G. Clones from any eukaryotic genomic library harboured in this vector can be transferred from bacteria directly to eukaryotic cells for functional analysis.     

Cloning of a human S-phase cell cycle gene: use of transient expression for screening.

We report here the cloning of a human cell cycle gene capable of complementing a temperature-sensitive (ts) S-phase cell cycle mutation in a Chinese hamster cell line. Cloning was performed as follows. A human genomic library in phage lambda containing 600,000 phages was screened with labeled cDNA synthesized from an mRNA fraction enriched for the specific cell cycle gene message. Plaques containing DNA inserts which hybridized to the cDNA were picked, and their DNAs were assayed for transient complementation in DNA transformation experiments. The transient complementation assay we developed is suitable for most cell cycle genes and indeed for many genes whose products are required for cell proliferation. Of 845 phages screened, 1 contained an insert active in transient complementation of the ts cell cycle mutation. Introduction of this phage into the ts cell cycle mutant also gave rise to stable transformants which grew normally at the restrictive temperature for the ts mutant cells.     

大鼠p75NTR荧光真核表达载体的构建及其在HEK293细胞中的表达

目的:构建大鼠p75神经营养素受体(p75 neurotrophin receptor,p75NTR)cDNA序列的绿色荧光真核表达载体并鉴定其在人胚肾293(human embryo kidney 293,HEK293)细胞中的表达.方法:采用PCR方法从含野生型大鼠p75NTR的pDC316-RP75质粒中扩增目的片段,经EcoRⅠ和SaⅡ双酶切,定向克隆于pEGFP-N1质粒中,构建绿色荧光真核表达栽体pEGFP-N1-RP75,经酶切及测序鉴定后,通过脂质体转染HEK293细胞,激光共聚焦及免疫组织化学法鉴定大鼠p75NTR的表达.结果:重组质粒经酶切鉴定和序列分析证实含有大鼠p75NTR的编码序列,转染后经激光共聚焦显微镜及免疫组织化学染色观察表明重组质粒能够在HEK293细胞中表达出具有活性的大鼠p75NTR片段.结论:大鼠p75NTR绿色荧光真核表达栽体构建成功并可在HEK293细胞中表达,为进一步研究奠定了基础.