东亚茎蜂科二新属(膜翅目)

描述了东亚膜翅目茎蜂科两新属:大跗茎蜂属Magnitarsijanus gen.nov.和短痣茎蜂属Stigmatijanus gen.nov.,前者分布于中国和日本,后者分布于中国东部,其模式种分别为Janus kashivorus Yano et Sato,1928和Janus stigmaticus Maa,1949.建立了2个新组合:红盾大跗茎蜂Magnitarsijanus kashivorus(Yano et Sato,1928)comb.nov.和黄鳞短痣茎蜂Stigmatijanus stigmaticus(Maa,1949)comb.nov.,其中红盾大跗茎蜂是中国新纪录种.     

脊颜茎蜂属评述暨一新种(膜翅目:茎蜂科)

基于模式标本和新材料研究了茎蜂科脊颜茎蜂属,修订了该属属征和主要鉴别特征.该属唇基上区具锐利中脊,下唇须第4节短,明显宽于下颚须第4节,左上额粗短,中部显著弯折,雄虫多数鞭分节腹侧钝齿状突出,雌虫部分锯刃具多列亚基齿等特征,与茎蜂科其余各属均不相同.描述了脊颜茎蜂属1新种,采集自江西和湖南南部山区.编制了种检索表.     

哈茎蜂族二新属三新种（膜翅目：茎蜂科）

本文是中国茎蜂科昆虫系统分类研究之七,报道中国茎蜂科哈茎蜂族昆虫２新属３新种;兰胸柄腹茎蜂,长鞘大茎蜂,无目无刺茎蜂,无刺茎蜂属系一罕见属,是中国新纪录属。     

中国茎蜂科分类研究IV.简脉茎蜂属四新种附中国茎蜂科种属名录(膜翅目: 茎蜂科)

本文报道茎蜂科简脉茎蜂属中国４新种：申氏简脉茎蜂Ｊａｎｕｓｓｈｅｎｉｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,黄丽简脉茎蜂Ｊａｎｕｓｂｅｌｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,红胸简脉茎蜂Ｊａｎｕｓｒｕｆｉｔｈｏｒａｘｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,刻盾简脉茎蜂Ｊａｎｕｓｐｕｎｃｔａｔｅｎｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。文中还提供了中国茎蜂科已知属和种的名录及分布     

香梨茎蜂的生物学特性

香梨茎蜂ＪａｎｕｓｐｉｒｉｏｄｏｒｕｓＹａｎｇ属膜翅目茎蜂科Ｃｅｐｈｉｄａｅ ,是危害库尔勒香梨的一种主要害虫[1] 。该虫由中国农业大学杨集昆教授于1 995年鉴定命名 ,是第 4种危害梨梢的梨茎蜂[2 ] 。为了对该虫进行综合防治 ,1 997～ 1 999年作者对其行为学进行了研究     

中国哈茎蜂族一新纪录属种和一新种(膜翅目,茎蜂科)

记述中国茎蜂科哈茎蜂族1新纪录属种:黑基外齿茎蜂Stenoephus oncogaster Shinohara,1999和1新种:黄斑外齿茎蜂Stenocephus flavomaculus sp.nov..新种各足基节外侧亮黄色,中胸前侧片中部具黄条斑;OOL:POL=1.5,OCL:POL=4.0;下唇须第4节明显粗于基部3节;下颚须第1节等长于第5节,仅为第2节1/2长,第2节长2倍于宽,第6节2倍长于第5节;腹部第3节高明显大于长,后足胫节具1对亚端距,锯鞘基1.8倍长于锯鞘端,锯腹片中部三齿型锯刃较短的第3齿紧贴于较长的第1、2齿等,容易与本属模式种单刺外齿茎蜂鉴别.外齿茎蜂属目前已知仅此2种,分布于中国和日本,其主要鉴别特征为:体型狭长,腹部基部细长,第2节长明显大于高,雌虫腹部亚端部明显膨大,左上颚双齿式,内齿无肩,外齿显著长于内齿,爪无基片,内外齿均较小,互相分离,触角第3节长于第4节,前翅cu-a脉与1M脉顶接.新种模式标本保存于中南林业科技大学昆虫标本馆.     

香梨茎蜂引诱作用的初步观察

利用昆虫性信息素作为监测和防治技术的研究,主要以鳞翅目、鞘翅目的昆虫居多[1,2].我国已鉴定和合成了一批主要农林害虫性信息素,有些已在害虫的测报和防治上大面积推广应用[3].有关膜翅目昆虫性信息素的研究甚少,梨茎蜂性信息素的研究还未见报道.为了探索香梨茎蜂监测和防治新途径,作者于1999年4月中旬,在巴州种蜂场香梨园进行了性诱观察,并对处女雌蜂及其性信息素粗提物的不同处理进行了试验,以探讨其对香梨茎蜂的引诱效应,为其性信息素的有效提取、鉴定和应用提供依据.现将结果初报于下.     

一种寄生梨茎蜂的重要天敌-梨茎蜂啮小蜂(膜翅目,姬小蜂科)新种记述

描述了寄生梨茎蜂Janus piri Okamoto et Muramatsu的一种重要天敌新种--梨茎蜂啮小蜂Tetrastichus janusi sp.nov.,该种属小蜂总科姬小蜂科啮小蜂属.新种群集外寄生于梨茎蜂幼虫,一般1头寄主上寄生4～14头个体,雌雄性比为2.6∶1.0.一年发生两代.在越冬代梨茎蜂幼虫中的寄生率达44.7%.新种在梨茎蜂的生物防治中具有良好的应用前景.这是啮小蜂亚科在国内外首次发现寄生于茎蜂科害虫.新种模式标本保存于中国林业科学研究院昆虫标本馆.     

灰翅麦茎蜂的生物学及其防治对策

针对近年来在青海省和甘肃省春小麦生产中灰翅麦茎蜂CephusfumpennisEversmann的危害造成春小麦千粒重下降 8～ 1 0g,严重减产 ,籽粒品质变差 ,麦秆失去使用价值等问题 ,介绍了麦茎蜂的分布、主要生物学特征 (形态特征和生活习性等 )和目前的主要防治对策 ,包括耕作措施 (深翻、轮作倒茬 )、药剂、生物防治及选育抗虫小麦新品种     

中国小腹茧蜂属二新种记述(膜翅目,茧蜂科,小腹茧蜂亚科)

记述了采自黑龙江、吉林、辽宁和湖北省小腹茧蜂属M.icrogaster Latreille,18042新种,短管小腹茧蜂M.breviterebrae sp．nov．和长距小腹茧蜂M．longicalcar sp．nov．。短管小腹茧蜂M.breviterebrae sp．nov．(♀)与M．grandis相似,但以下特征可以区别：1)翅痣下方具暗斑(后者无);2)触角端前节长为宽的1．2倍(后者为2倍);3)头顶光滑(后者具皱纹);4)腹部第3背板光滑(后者具皱状刻点);5)后足胫节黑色(后者红黄色)。采自黑龙江镜泊湖、吉林长春、辽宁(阜新、大连、沈阳)。长距小腹茧蜂M．longicalcar sp．nov．(♀)与短管小腹茧蜂M.breviterebrae sp．nov．相似,但以下特征可以区别：1)1—RS脉长为1—M脉1／2(后者为1／3);2)r脉与翅痣宽等长(后者明显短于翅痣宽);3)后足胫节内距长为基跗节6／7(后者为1／2);4)产卵管鞘长为后足胫节1／2(后者为1／3);5)前后单眼间距与单眼直径等长(后者短于单眼直径)。采自湖北房县。本文附中国小腹茧蜂属分种检索表。模式标本均保存在浙江大学植保系寄生蜂标本室。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.