烤烟‘K326’的组织培养与快速繁殖

为了提供市场所需的大量种苗,适应云南烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum)规模化生产的需要,以田间烤烟的叶片、茎段、培养瓶内种子萌发的叶片和茎段为外植体进行组织培养实验.实验比较了5种培养基,筛选出烤烟的最佳愈伤组织诱导和愈伤组织不定芽分化培养基为MS 6-BA 2 mg·L-1 NAA0.2 mg·L-1 Sugar30 g·L-1 Agar6 g·L-1;生根培养基为MS Sugar30g·L-1 Agar6 g·L-1,生根率为100%;用营养土移栽后,存活率为100%.     

桂黔吊石苣苔的组织培养与快速繁殖

以桂黔吊石苣苔的茎段和叶片为外植体材料,对桂黔吊石苣苔进行离体培养与快速繁殖技术研究.结果表明：桂黔吊石苣苔茎段腋芽可直接诱导萌发,在 MS＋6-BA 1．0 mg·L-1＋IBA 0．1 mg·L-1培养基上萌发率最高,达75％;适宜的继代增殖及壮苗培养基为1/2MS＋NAA0．2 mg·L-1,繁殖系数为6．0/60 d,继代培养中茎段外植体可以诱导出愈伤组织,但诱导率较低,未能进一步分化成苗;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS＋6-BA 0．2 mg·L-1＋NAA 0．8 mg·L-1＋AC 0．1％＋香蕉5％,生根率达100％;在大棚中模拟桂黔吊石苣苔自然生境对生根苗进行移栽,成活率在95％以上.     

欧石楠体细胞胚发生和植株再生

以欧石楠茎段为外植体,研究其体细胞胚胎发生和植株再生。对影响茎段不定芽分化及胚性愈伤组织诱导的主导因子进行比较分析,并研究其体胚萌发、生根及移栽;同时,采用树脂切片法对茎段脱分化产生胚性愈伤组织及体胚发育过程进行组织细胞学观察。结果表明,接种在1／2WPM基本培养基上的茎段,胚性愈伤组织诱导率为88．7％,显著高于其他处理,不定芽诱导率可达90．6％,平均分化倍数为3．6个,平均分化苗高3．82cm;体细胞经过成熟培养后。在添加1．0mg·L-1 ZT和0．3mg·L-1 IBA的1／2WPM培养基上萌发,萌发的体胚在I／2WPM附加0．2mg·L-1 NAA和0．3mg·L-1 IBA的培养基上形成完整的体胚苗植株,体胚苗生根率达到87．4％,经炼苗后移栽到蛭石：珍珠岩=3：1（V／V）的栽培基质中,成活率可达63．7％。在显微镜下可观察到球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷形胚和子叶形胚;体细胞胚以间接方式发生,表现为愈伤组织外层细胞直接发生和愈伤组织组织内部细胞发生。     

白桦愈伤组织的高效诱导和不定芽分化

选出白桦愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为 :IS 6 BA 5 .0mg·L-1 KT 0 .5mg·L -1(茎段 ,叶柄 ) ;IS 6 BA 2 .0mg·L-1 NAA 0 .2mg·L-1(叶片 )。分化培养基为 :IS 6 BA 0 .4～ 0 .5mg·L-1,蔗糖浓度 2 0 g·L-1。愈伤组织诱导率和不定芽分化率分别达到 73 %和 90 %以上。     

锁阳愈伤组织诱导和增殖及不定根分化

以药用寄生植物锁阳的不同部位肉质茎为外植体,研究外植体形态及植物生长调节剂配比对愈伤组织形成、增殖及不定根分化的影响,建立了高效的锁阳肉质茎愈伤组织诱导、增殖和不定根分化体系。结果表明,锁阳茎下部大小为1．5cmx1．5cmxl．5cm的外植体,维管束平行于培养基放置,有利于愈伤组织形成;外植体培养50d,愈伤组织形成。高效的愈伤组织诱导培养基为Ms＋6-BA1．0mg.L-1＋2,4-D3．0mg·L-1,愈伤组织诱导率可达67％;增殖培养基为Ms＋6．BA0．5mg·L-1。＋2,4-D1．5mg·L-1,NxsN74％;在Ms＋6．BA1．0mg·L-1＋NAA2．0mg·L-1。分化培养基中,不定根诱导率达56％。     

大宝塔草的组织培养

1植物名称大宝塔草(Limnophila aquatica). 2材料类别植株带节茎段. 3培养条件诱导芽分化的培养基(1)为:MS NAA 0.1 mg·L-1(单位下同) 6-BA 1;诱导根分化的培养基(2)为:MS IBA 0.1.上述培养基均加30 g·L-1蔗糖、6 g·L-1琼脂,pH 5.7.培养温度为25℃左右,光照10 h·d-1,光照度1 000～1 200 lx.     

甜叶菊茎段腋芽诱导培养基和NaN3诱变条件筛选及诱变试管苗POD同工酶分析

以甜叶菊(Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)茎段为外植体,采用L9(34)正交表对腋芽诱导培养基中的激素种类和浓度(0.0、0.1和0.2 ng·L-1NAA;0.0、0.5和1.0 mg·L-16-BA;0.000、0.005和0.010 mg·L-1TDZ)进行筛选;在此基础上对诱变过程中NaN3溶液的浓度(3、6和9 mmol·L-1)和处理时间(1、2、4和8h)进行比较,并初步筛选出最佳的NaN3诱变条件;采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(PAGE)对经上述NaN3诱变处理后培养5、10和15 d的试管苗POD同工酶酶谱的变化进行了分析.结果表明:在添加了不同激素组合的培养基上均能诱导出腋芽,但腋芽数和苗高有差异;经综合比较后可确定适宜于甜叶菊腋芽诱导的培养基为添加1.0 mg·L-16-BA和0.1 mg·L-1NAA的MS培养基(含5.0g·L-1琼脂粉和30g·L-1蔗糖,pH 6.0).经NaN3诱变处理后,茎段在腋芽诱导培养过程中的死亡率随NaN3浓度提高和处理时间延长逐渐增加,平均腋芽数和苗高则下降,且多数处理组试管苗矮化;根据半致死剂量确定的最佳NaN3诱变处理方法为将甜叶菊茎段置于9 mmol·L-1 NaN3溶液中浸泡4h.PAGE分析结果表明:甜叶菊诱变试管苗的POD同工酶谱均可分为a、b和c区,但在不同培养时间各处理组POD同工酶的条带数和活性有所变化.在培养5和10 d后各处理组诱变试管苗POD同工酶的活性和条带数量有明显差异,而在培养15 d后各处理组诱变试管苗POD同工酶活性有差异,但条带数量没有明显变化,表明用适宜浓度的NaN3进行诱变处理可导致甜叶菊试管苗短期的应激效应.     

蝴蝶兰的组织培养和快速繁殖

通过诱导残败花梗上的休眠芽萌发,以萌发的幼叶和去茎尖的茎段为外植体进行组织培养,建立了蝴蝶兰(Phalaenopsis amabilis Bl.)的无菌繁殖体系,并筛选出最佳培养基组成.诱导休眠芽萌发的最佳培养基为不加任何激素的MS0培养基;原球茎诱导的适宜培养基为MS 3.0 mg·L-1 6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1 ZT 30 mg·L-1柠檬酸和MS 5.0 mg·L-1 6-BA 30 mg·L-1柠檬酸 30%椰乳(CM),其中茎段的诱导效果明显优于叶片,诱导率达95%;诱导无菌苗生根的最适培养基为1/4 MS 1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA 0.1 mg·L-1 NAA,生根率可达79%.     

樱桃番茄繁殖技术初探（简报）

4～ 7℃低温处理不影响樱桃番茄种子的萌发力 ;NAA 10mg·L-1处理腋芽或茎切段 5min ,并转入自来水中浸泡 ,能较好诱导不定根的产生 ,生理年龄和实际年龄大的侧芽或茎切段有利于不定根产生 ;正交分析表明 :MS 6 BA 3 .0mg·L-1 NAA 0 .1mg·L-1有利于外植体产生不定芽 ,ZT、KT在芽分化中的作用不如 6 BA明显。     

马来沉香组织培养技术研究

以马来沉香茎段为外植体,分别对外植体的消毒、启动培养、增殖培养、壮苗培养、生根培养、炼苗移栽环节进行研究,着重探索马来沉香组织培养技术各个环节的最佳培养基配方,为马来沉香的工厂化育苗提供技术指导。结果表明:马来沉香最佳消毒方法是用0.1%升汞消毒4～5min;启动率最高的培养基配方是1/2MS+6-BA 0.2mg·L-1+NAA 0.1mg·L-1+蔗糖30g·L-1+琼脂5.8g·L-1,启动率达70.5%;增殖系数最高的培养基是1/2MS+0.1mg·L-16-BA+25g·L-1蔗糖+5.8g·L-1琼脂,增殖系数达2.9;最佳壮苗培养基是1/2MS+30g·L-1蔗糖+5.8g·L-1琼脂;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 5.0mg·L-1+20g·L-1糖+6g·L-1琼脂,培养2d后移入1/2MS培养基继续培养,生根率为83%;马来沉香移栽较难成活,在泥炭土∶黄泥土(2∶1)的基质上成活率最高,移栽成活率65%。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism