Isolation and characterization of the CYP71D16 trichome-specific promoter from Nicotiana tabacum L

Trichomes are specialized epidermal cells that produce secretions that are thought to provide a first line of defence against pests and pathogens. Many trichome-secreted compounds are used commercially as flavourings, medicines, etc. Described here is the cloning and characterization of the promoter of a tobacco trichome-specific P450 gene, CYP71D16. This promoter is shown to direct the specific expression of the reporter gene, beta-glucuronidase (GUS), in glandular trichomes of Nicotiana tabacum cv. T.I. 1068 at all developmental stages. With the full promoter, GUS activity was predominantly in the gland cell, with less in the stalk cell adjacent to the gland, and in lower stalk cells. GUS staining was also observed in the most distal trichome stalk cells of non-glandular trichomes found on variety T.I. 1112. Promoter deletion analysis revealed that the region from -223 to +111 bp is sufficient to direct trichome-specific expression, but not strong gland expression. Examination of the literature suggests that this is the first characterized trichome-specific-promoter shown to function at all stages of plant development. This promoter may provide efficient bioengineering to enhance pest and pathogen resistance, and for molecular farming based on the trichome gland system.     

Cloning of the promoter region of plasma membrane aquaporin BnPIP1 from Brassica napus and its functional analysis

Aquaporins make water-selective channels in plants, facilitating the permeation of water through membranes and adjusting water fast transport during seed germination, cell elongation, stoma movement, fertilization and responses to environmental stresses. They belong to the MIP (major intrinsic protein) family with molecular weight of 2629 kD and are characterized by six membrane-spanning a-helixes connected by five loops and short N-terminal and C-terminal domains in the cytoplasm[13]. The p…     

从水稻细胞质型果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶启动子上游中去除93 bp可以彻底改变其表达模式

细胞质型果糖-1,6-二磷酸基因ATG上游1 195bp侧翼序列可调控GUS基因在水稻(Oryza sativa L.)中特异性表达,因此该片段包含有使报告基因在叶肉细胞中特异性表达的所有顺式元件.为了研究其调控特异表达的顺式元件,对启动子5′端进行了一系列的缺失,得到4种与GUS基因融合的植物表达载体,通过基因枪法转入水稻.结果表明,自启动子5′端-1 195 bp缺失至-1 102 bp时,GUS基因由叶肉细胞特异性表达变为组成型表达,且表达活性有所提高,推测在该区段中存在调控叶肉细胞特异性表达的顺式元件.进一步缺失仍然保持组成性表达的模式,即在转化株的根、茎和叶中的所有细胞中均有表达,同时启动子活性有所提高.这一结果暗示该启动子具有很大的应用潜力.     

Analysis of the Maize 19 kD Zein Gene Promoter Fragment Driving Seed specific Expression

A deletion works of a maize 19 kD zein gene promoter in the 5'end was performed and six promoter fragments of different length were obtained. A series of expression vectors was constructed and then transferred into tobacco ( Nicotiarta tabacum L. ) plants. GUS activity assays indicated that the expression of 488 bp promoter was tissue-specific, for which GUS was active only in transgenic tobacco seeds. The other four fragments containing 378 bp,302 bp,152 bp and 124 bp also have the activity of promoter. They could drive gus gene expressed not only in seeds but also in roots and petioles.     

玉米19kD醇溶贮藏蛋白基因启动子种子特异性表达控制区段的分析

为研究玉米（Ｚｅａｍａｙｓ　Ｌ．）１９ｋＤ醇溶贮藏蛋白（ｚｅｉｎ）基因启动子种子特异性表达的控制区段,将全长６９４ｂｐ的启动子进行５’端缺失,共得到６个缺失突变体,长度分别为４８８ｂｐ、３７８ｂｐ、３０２ｂｐ、１５２ｂｐ、１２４ｂｐ和８５ｂｐ。将６个片段分别与报告基因ｇｕｓ连接构建成表达载体ｐＤＧＢ系列,经土壤农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ）介导转化,引入烟草。ＧＵＳ活性检测证明,４８８ｂｐ启动子片段能促使ｇｕｓ基因在种子中特异表达。３７８ｂｐ、３０２ｂｐ、１５２ｂｐ和１２４ｂｐ片段启动子引导的ｇｕｓ基因在烟草根、叶柄、种子中均可表达。     

麻疯树MIPS基因启动子的分离及在烟草原生质体中瞬时表达活性分析

根据麻疯树MIPS基因序列,设计特异性的巢式引物,运用TAIL-PCR法两次步移得到MIPS基因5＇端侧翼序列,序列分析显示含有多个胁迫应答相关元件,如ABRE、HSE等。以该序列为基础,PCR扩增得到5个5＇端不同长度的缺失片段,分别插入pBI221载体置换CaMV35S启动子,构建的表达载体在PEG介导下转入烟草叶片原生质体进行瞬时表达,检测GUS报告基因的活性。经GUS活性荧光定量检测发现,分离到的MIPS基因侧翼序列5＇端不同缺失片段都能启动GUS报告基因表达,启动活性最高的是WQ1区（-565bp）,核心区位于-565～-449bp。在100μmol·L-1ABA诱导下启动活性增强,但不同区段的增长幅度不同。WQ1区增长幅度最大,比未处理时提高41.4%。     

Structural and functional analysis of new plant promoter pro-SmAMP1 from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stellaria media</Emphasis>

The nucleotide sequence of a fragment of the promoter region of pro-SmAMP1 gene, having a length of 1257 bp and encoding antifungal peptides, was determined in chickweed (Stellaria media (L.) Vill.). Computer analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed a number of cis-elements that are typical strong plant promoters. Five 5′-deletion variants were created taking into account the distribution of cis-elements:–1235,–771,–714,–603, and–481 bp of pro-SmAMP1 gene promoter, which were fused to the coding region of the uidA reporter gene in pCambia1381Z plant expression vector. The efficacy of pro-SmAMP1 promoter deletion variants was determined by transient expression in plants of Nicotiana benthamiana and using sequential generations of transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants. It was found that the levels of GUS reporter protein activity in the extracts from transgenic and agroinfiltrated plants using all deletion variants of pro-SmAMP1 gene promoter were 3–5 times higher than those of 35S CaMV viral promoter. The highest activity of GUS protein was observed in the leaves of transgenic tobacco plants and closely correlated with the mRNA level of encoding gene. The levels of GUS activity did not differ significantly among 11 independent homozygous lines of T₂ generation of N. tabacum plants with different deletion variants of pro-SmAMP1 promoter. The results give reason to assume that all deletion variants of pro-SmAMP1 promoter provide stable and high level of expression of controlled genes. The shortest deletion variant–481 bp of pro-SmAMP1 promoter should be viewed as a potentially strong plant promoter for the genetic engineering of plants.     

拟南芥生长素受体基因TIR1启动子的初步分析

以野生型拟南芥（Arabidopsis Columbia）基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增得到拟南芥生长素受体基因T1R1启动子的5个不同长度的系列缺失片段,将这些片断分别克隆到PGM—T载体上。序列分析表明,该启动子系列缺失片段的大小分别为2008bp、1524bp、939bp、532bp和321bp。与已报道的序列完全相同。将不同长度的启动子克隆片断分别与GUS基因融合,构建成表达载体后,在烟草叶片中作遗传转化。分析结果显示：不同长度的启动子片段已整合到烟草基因组中并有GUS酶活性存在,且不同长度启动子片段的表达活性有较明显差异。     

橡胶树白粉菌(HO-73)启动子WY172不同长度片段的克隆及表达活性分析

旨在克隆橡胶树白粉菌启动子WY172及其上游2K序列上4个不同长度缺失片段,以分析启动子各片段的表达活性。基于实验室前期研究基础,以WY172上游2K序列作为研究对象进行渐变缺失突变,得到4个不同长度的可能具有启动子活性的片段,结合WY172,选用pBI121载体作为骨架,分别替换GUS基因前的CaMV35S启动子,并分别构建重组表达载体,通过ATMT法转化农杆菌;利用GUS染色法和酶活性检测,分析WY172启动子及不同长度片段的酶活性。分别构建了pBI121-WY172、pBI121-WY172Q、pBI121-WY172Q1、pBI121-WY172Q2、pBI121-WY172Q3共5个重组的植物表达载体,所有植物表达载体烟草瞬时表达GUS染色均有蓝色出现,且蓝色程度均强于阳性对照CaMV35S启动子,其中pBI121-WY172Q3的GUS染色相对最深;GUS酶活性测定结果显示所有缺失突变片段都具有调控基因表达的启动子活性,且启动活性均强于CaMV35S启动子,WY172Q3调控GUS基因表达的活性最高。因此我们判断WY172及其上游2K序列上4个不同长度缺失片段均具有启动子活性,其中以WY172Q3启动子片段的表达活性最强。     

苦荞查尔酮合酶基因FtCHS1启动子的克隆及分析

采用染色体步移技术,从苦荞（Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.）中克隆获得FtCHS1基因5'端侧翼序列,共1038 bp,将其命名为P_FtCHS1。生物信息学分析表明,P_FtCHS1中A/T碱基含量为63.5%,含有4个可能的转录起始位点,分别位于起始密码子上游-684~-734、-692~-742、-920~-970、-929~-979 bp处,该序列包含TATA-Box和CAAT-Box等启动子核心元件以及与光、低温和激素应答等相关的功能元件。本研究进一步构建了P_FtCHS1-pBI101植物表达载体,并瞬时转化拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana L.）叶片,结果显示该序列可驱动GUS报告基因的表达。低温（4℃）和光照（UV-B）处理苦荞幼芽后,采用荧光定量PCR技术分析FtCHS1基因的表达量,结果表明P_FtCHS1可响应低温和紫外环境胁迫,从而引起FtCHS1基因表达量发生变化。     

水稻谷蛋白GluA-2基因5′上游序列控制下的UidA基因在转基因水稻胚乳中的表达模式

为了研究谷蛋白胚乳特异性表达启动子在我国栽培稻品种中的表达模式,将UidA基因分别置于水稻谷蛋白GluA—2基因750bp和2．3kb上游序列下游,利用农杆菌转化法导人栽培稻品种中花8号并获得转基因植株。Southern blot检测表明,UidA基因已经整合到水稻基因组当中并以单拷贝存在。Northern blot检测表明,开花后13～15d和11～13d,UidA基因和水稻内源的GluA—2基因的表达量分别达到最高,随后逐渐降低。对转基因植株种子的GUS染色表明,UidA基因仅在胚乳中表达,在糊粉层中GUS表达量最高。测定了2．3kb和750bp转基因植株种子的GUS活性,结果表明前者的GUS活性是后者的2～3倍。序列分析表明,位于GluA—2基因转录启始位点上游2170bD的G-box可能是一个与表达量相关的顺式调控元件。