黑曲霉阿魏酸酯酶在毕赤酵母中的组成型表达

【目的】实现黑曲霉来源的阿魏酸酯酶在毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris GS115)中的组成型表达。【方法】以黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)基因组为模板,经重叠延伸PCR扩增得到阿魏酸酯酶基因(AnfaeA),将其与载体pGAP9K相连,构建重组表达载体p GAP9KAnfae A,经SalI线性化后电转入毕赤酵母GS115中,得到重组菌株。高效液相色谱法测定发酵液中阿魏酸酯酶活力,并对重组菌进行了发酵优化。【结果】克隆得到783 bp的阿魏酸酯酶编码基因并实现了其在毕赤酵母中的组成型表达。重组菌发酵84 h后,上清液中酶活达5.72±0.10 U/m L。重组酶(reAnfaeA)经分离纯化后比酶活为59.75 U/mg,大小约为40 k D。发酵优化结果为:葡萄糖40.0 g/L,蛋白胨10.0 g/L,酵母膏30.0 g/L,CaCO_3 0.2 g/L,种龄28 h,接种量3%(体积比),装液量50 m L/250 m L。在此条件下发酵培养,酶活达15.60±0.23 U/m L。【结论】阿魏酸酯酶在毕赤酵母中的组成型表达,对研究毕赤酵母组成型表达系统和阿魏酸酯酶的发酵生产具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Production and characterization of recombinant Phanerochaete chrysosporium beta-glucosidase in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris

The extracellular beta-glucosidase from the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was expressed heterologously in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. After 7 days' cultivation in an induction medium containing 1% (v/v) methanol, the expression level of the recombinant enzyme was 28,500 U/l, 38 times that of the wild-type enzyme. The specific activity of the crude recombinant enzyme for p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside was 52 U/mg, 37 times that of the wild-type enzyme; this difference made the purification of the enzyme simple. On a SDS-PAGE, the molecular mass of the recombinant enzyme was 133 kDa, and that of the wild-type enzyme was 116 kDa, but the difference had no effect on the hydrolysis of cellobiose or p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside. We concluded that the recombinant enzyme produced by Pichia pastoris retains the catalytic properties of the wild-type enzyme from Phanerochaete chrysosporium.     

来源于柠檬酸杆菌的高比活植酸酶基因在毕赤酵母中的高效表达

柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacterbraakii)来源的植酸酶是目前报道的比活最高的植酸酶。按照毕赤酵母(Pichiapastoris)对密码子的选择偏向性,对来源于柠檬酸杆菌的高比活植酸酶基因AppA进行了密码子优化改造。改造后的基因AppA(m)按正确的阅读框架融合到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9的α-因子信号肽编码序列3′端,通过电击转化得到重组转化子。通过PCR验证,AppA(m)已整合在酵母染色体上。SDS-PAGE分析和表达产物的研究表明,植酸酶得到了高效分泌表达,在5L发酵罐中植酸酶蛋白表达量达到3·2mg/mL发酵液,发酵效价达到每毫升发酵液1·4×107IU以上,高于目前报道的各种植酸酶基因工程菌株的发酵效价。     

High-level production and covalent immobilization of Providencia rettgeri penicillin G acylase (PAC) from recombinant Pichia pastoris for the development of a novel and stable biocatalyst of industrial applicability

A complete, integrated process for the production of an innovative formulation of penicillin G acylase from Providencia rettgeri(rPAC(P.rett))of industrial applicability is reported. In order to improve the yield of rPAC, the clone LN5.5, carrying four copies of pac gene integrated into the genome of Pichia pastoris, was constructed. The proteinase activity of the recombinant strain was reduced by knockout of the PEP4 gene encoding for proteinase A, resulting in an increased rPAC(P.rett) activity of approximately 40% (3.8 U/mL vs. 2.7 U/mL produced by LN5.5 in flask). A high cell density fermentation process was established with a 5-day methanol induction phase and a final PAC activity of up to 27 U/mL. A single step rPAC(P.rett) purification was also developed with an enzyme activity yield of approximately 95%. The novel features of the rPAC(P.rett) expressed in P.pastoris were fully exploited and emphasized through the covalent immobilization of rPAC(P.rett). The enzyme was immobilized on a series of structurally correlated methacrylic polymers, specifically designed and produced for optimizing rPAC(P.rett) performances in both hydrolytic and synthetic processes. Polymers presenting aminic functionalities were the most efficient, leading to formulations with higher activity and stability (half time stability >3 years and specific activity ranging from 237 to 477 U/g (dry) based on benzylpenicillin hydrolysis). The efficiency of the immobilized rPAC(P.rett) was finally evaluated by studying the kinetically controlled synthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics (cephalexin) and estimating the synthesis/hydrolysis ratio (S/H), which is a crucial parameter for the feasibility of the process.     

Expression and characterization of recombinant Locusta migratoria manilensis acetylcholinesterase 1 in Pichia pastoris

The acetylcholinesterase 1 from Locusta migratoria manilensis (LmAChE1) was successfully expressed in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris KM71. The maximum expression of recombinant LmAChE1 (reLmAChE1) was achieved after 9 days of induction at 2.5% methanol. The reLmAChE1 was first precipitated with ammonium sulfate (50% saturation) and then was purified with nickel affinity chromatography. The enzyme was purified 3.2×10(3)-fold with a yield of 68% and a specific activity of 8.1 U/mg. The purified reLmAChE1 exhibited highest activity at 30°C in 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), and its activity could be inhibited by eserine sulfate and pentan-3-one-dibromide (BW284c51). Substrate specificity analysis showed that the purified reLmAChE1 preferred acetylthiocholine (ATC) and propionylthiocholine (BTC) rather than butyrylthiocholine (BTC). When ATC was used as substrate, the K(m) and V(max) values for the reLmAChE1 were 24.8 μM and 9.5 μmol/min/mg, respectively.     

扣囊复膜孢酵母β-葡萄糖苷酶基因在毕赤酵母中的克隆与表达

利用PCR技术,从扣囊复膜孢酵母的总DNA中扩增得到β-葡萄糖苷酶（β-Glucosidase）基因（BGL1）,长度为2596 bp,连接到pGEM-T载体上,用限制性内切酶切下目的基因,插入到巴斯德毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,使之位于α-因子信号肽下游,且与之同框,构建成重组质粒pSHL9K.通过电转化将重组质粒pSHL9K插入到Pichia pastoris GS115菌株染色体中,获得高效表达BGL1基因的毕赤酵母重组工程菌株.重组酶的最适温度为50℃,最适pH为5.4.培养基中β-葡萄糖苷酶活性最高可达47U/mL.     

毕赤酵母发酵生产T4溶菌酶的中试研究

研究了T4溶菌酶的中试发酵放大生产。在200L发酵罐中毕赤酵母诱导表达T4溶菌酶蛋白,发酵液蛋白表达量达到1.69g/L,酶活达到192U/mg;制得冻干酶粉211.1g。经测定粗酶粉中T4溶菌酶的含量达到68.9%,酶活为182U/mg,总收率达到66%,成功建立了一条T4溶菌酶的中试发酵生产工艺线路。     

超嗜热酯酶EST2在不同宿主中的异源高效表达研究

来源于超嗜热古菌Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius的酯酶EST2是目前报道的活性最高的超嗜热酯酶,具有极大的工业应用价值。为促进EST2的生产应用,将其分别在大肠杆菌及毕赤酵母中进行异源表达,并就不同宿主对表达情况和重组酶酶学性质的影响进行了分析。在大肠杆菌和毕赤酵母中重组表达的EST2酶学性质基本一致:最适温度分别为75℃和77.5℃,最适pH均为8.0,比活力分别为4656.6 U/mg和4078.3 U/mg,70℃水浴保温4.5 h,残余活力均在70%以上。在摇瓶发酵的基础上,于5 L发酵罐中进行了重组大肠杆菌及毕赤酵母的高密度发酵。毕赤酵母高密度发酵120 h菌体干重达68 g/L,最大表达酶活力为959.6 U/ml。大肠杆菌高密度发酵25 h菌体干重达60.8 g/L,最大酶活力14825.6 U/ml,表达量是毕赤酵母的15.4倍,单位时间产量是酵母的74.2倍。结果表明大肠杆菌发酵周期短、表达量高,更适合进行嗜热酯酶EST2的高效生产,这为促进嗜热酯酶在工业生物技术产业的应用奠定了基础。     

Functional expression, purification, and characterization of the extra stable human placental alkaline phosphatase in the Pichia pastoris system

Human placental alkaline phosphatase was successfully cloned in the yeast system Pichia pastoris. The recombinant enzyme was over-expressed as a secreted protein in the cultured medium. The enzyme was extremely stable, which resulted in a total recovery of the enzyme activity after the purification process. The purified enzyme preparation was apparently homogeneous as examined by the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, analytical gel-permeation chromatography, and analytical ultracentrifugation. The final enzyme preparation showed a purification of 803-fold from the culture medium with a specific activity of 578 U/mg of protein. Fluorescence spectroscopic analyses showed multiple unfolding steps in the urea denaturation process of the homodimeric recombinant enzyme. Extensive conformational change of the enzyme in urea was detected by the analytical ultracentrifugation and the size-exclusive chromatography. The quaternary structure of the enzyme is quite stable. No indication of dissociation was observed after extensive tertiary structural changes.     

亮白曲霉乳糖酶基因在毕赤酵母中的高效分泌表达及酶学性质研究

将克隆的亮白曲霉 (Aspergilluscandidus)乳糖酶基因lacb′插入到毕赤酵母 (Pichiapastoris)高效表达载体pPIC9中 ,与分泌信号肽序列α_因子融合 ,通过同源重组将lacb′整合到酵母染色体上。通过SDS_PAGE检测和表达产物的酶活性筛选 ,得到重组转化子 ,证明乳糖酶获得有效分泌和高效表达。表达的乳糖酶为糖蛋白 ,表观分子量为 130kD ,脱糖基后的蛋白分子量下降为 110kD。经过 5L小罐高密度发酵 ,重组酵母中酶蛋白表达量为 6mg mL发酵液 ,每毫升发酵液中乳糖酶的活力为 36 0 0U ,高于目前国内外报道的水平。进一步研究了表达产物的酶学性质 ,该酶最适pH为 5 . 2 ,最适反应温度 6 0℃ ,比活性为 70 6 . 5± 2 . 6U mg ,Km为 1 7mmol L ,Vmax为 3. 3μmol min。与米曲霉ATCC 2 0 4 2 3的乳糖酶相比 ,该乳糖酶具热稳定性强、比活性高、pH范围宽等特点。     

嗜热毛壳菌CT2纤维二糖水解酶Ⅰ在毕赤酵母中的高效表达

嗜热毛壳菌ChaetomiumthermophilumCT2可产生具有重要工业生产价值的纤维素酶类。RT-PCR扩增cbh1成熟蛋白的编码基因,利用基因重组的方法构建可在毕赤酵母分泌表达系统中表达纤维二糖水解酶的重组表达载体,并转化毕赤酵母得到重组子。在毕赤酵母醇氧化酶AOX1基因启动子的作用下,重组蛋白得到高效表达,小规模发酵量达1.42mg/mL。表达蛋白分泌到培养基中,分子量约80kD;以脱脂棉为底物测得酶活为21U/mL。表达蛋白在60℃稳定,70℃保温60分钟仍保持90%的酶活力,具有较高的热稳定性。     

重组人干扰素ω在对数生长期毕赤酵母中的高效表达特性研究

用不同比生长速率μ的毕赤酵母探讨其表达外源重组蛋白的差异性,通过起始pH值、甲醇诱导浓度和周期、菌体浓度、装液量等实验,优化具有较高μ的对数生长期毕赤酵母表达rhIFNω的摇瓶条件。结果表明,μ对毕赤酵母表达rhIFNω有显著影响。μ为0.1612h-1的毕赤酵母表达rhIFNω最高为558mg/L,较μ为0.1321、0.0505和0.0052h-1的毕赤酵母分别提高50%、68%和99%。对数生长期的毕赤酵母表达rhIFNω的最适摇瓶表达条件为:250mL摇瓶装入30mL BMMY,控制菌体浓度达到200~300g/L(WCW),起始pH值自然,每24h添加甲醇15g/L一次,诱导表达周期为4d。通过表达条件的优化,rhIFNω的表达量达到1070mg/L,较优化前提高149%。     

来源于Escherichia coli的高比活植酸酶基因的高效表达

高效表达高比活植酸酶是进一步提高植酸酶发酵效价、降低植酸酶生产成本的一个有效途径。对源于Escherichiacoli的高比活植酸酶基因appA ,按照毕赤酵母 (Pichiapastoris)密码子的偏爱进行了密码子优化改造。该改造后的基因appA m按正确的阅读框架融合到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9上的α 因子信号肽编码序列 3′端 ,通过电击转化得到重组转化子。对重组毕赤酵母的Southernblotting分析证实植酸酶基因已整合到酵母基因组中 ,并确定了整合基因的拷贝数。Northernblotting分析证实植酸酶基因得到了正常转录。SDS PAGE分析和表达产物的研究表明 ,植酸酶得到了高效分泌表达 ,在 5L发酵罐中植酸酶蛋白表达量达到 2 5mg mL发酵液 ,酶活性 (发酵效价 )达到 7 5× 10 6 IU mL发酵液以上 ,大大高于目前报道的各种植酸酶基因工程菌株的发酵效价。     

费希尔曲霉脂肪酶在毕赤酵母中的优化表达及高密度发酵

【背景】脂肪酶广泛应用于纺织、食品、药品、皮革等工业领域,其在微生物中的异源表达研究进一步促进了脂肪酶产品的生产和应用。【目的】实现来源于费希尔曲霉的脂肪酶在毕赤酵母中的高效异源表达,探究其合适的表达及发酵条件,提高产量,降低成本。【方法】对费希尔曲霉的脂肪酶编码基因进行密码子优化后,应用pPIC9k质粒整合到毕赤酵母GS115基因组上,构建高产脂肪酶Lip605的毕赤酵母工程菌;并通过响应面发酵条件优化、筛选最适伴侣蛋白和高密度发酵相结合的方法,综合提高脂肪酶表达量。【结果】确定高产脂肪酶毕赤酵母工程菌的最优摇瓶发酵产酶条件为:甲醇3.103%(体积比),生物素0.4 mg/L,酵母粉11.5 g/L,酵母基础氮源培养基(yeast nitrogen base,YNB) 13.4 g/L,初始pH 6.4,装液量50 mL/250 mL,转速220 r/min,温度24°C,培养时间40 h。优化后的胞外脂肪酶酶活达到72.34 U/mL,较优化前提高了5.8倍;进一步选择12个伴侣蛋白分别与脂肪酶Lip605进行共表达,其中共表达伴侣蛋白Rpl10(pPICZA-RPL10)效果最佳,可使Lip605表达量进一步提高46.8%;在此基础上,经过10 L发酵罐分批补料的高密度发酵,工程菌株发酵142 h,胞外脂肪酶酶活最高达到680 U/mL,蛋白浓度为15.89 g/L。【结论】应用复合策略有效提高了脂肪酶Lip605在毕赤酵母中的发酵产量,为其进一步工业化生产奠定了良好的基础。     

内切中性纤维素酶EGⅡ的发酵条件优化

对毕赤酵母基因工程菌EIM-50-eg2产内切中性纤维素酶的主要影响因子进行研究,考察氮源、pH、温度、微量元素PTM1和甲醇浓度等对工程菌产酶的影响。单因素实验和正交实验结果表明,优化后的培养基组成及培养条件:磷酸氢二铵40 g/L,甲醇15 mL/L,硫酸镁10 g/L,磷酸二氢钾9 g/L,初始pH 6.0,培养温度28℃,PTM1添加量0.02%,甲醇诱导浓度1.5%。优化后内切葡聚糖酶活力可达4 158 U/(mL.min)是优化前1 449 U/(mL.min)的2.86倍。     

硫色曲霉β-甘露聚糖酶在毕赤酵母中的组成型分泌表达

目的：构建硫色曲霉β-甘露聚糖酶的毕赤酵母组成型分泌表达菌株,研究重组菌株的产酶水平。方法：EcoR I／Xba I双酶切质粒pPIC-mann-opt,琼脂糖凝胶电泳、回收目的基因片段后,与组成型毕赤酵母表达载体pGAPzαA连接,转化大肠杆菌,经筛选获得含有pGAP-mann-opt的重组克隆;提取pGAP-mann-opt,用限制性内切酶BspH I线性化后,转化毕赤酵母X-33感受态细胞,进行Zeocin抗性筛选和PCR鉴定。结果：获得了重组菌株,重组菌株在YPD培养基中摇瓶发酵24h,上清液酶活达到343U／mL,产酶蛋白约为1.0mg／mL。结论：构建的硫色曲霉β-甘露聚糖酶组成型表达菌株具有较好的应用前景。     

干酪乳杆菌L-乳酸脱氢酶突变体在毕赤酵母中的表达及其不对称还原苯丙酮酸

为提高L-苯乳酸(L-phenyllactic acid,L-PLA)的生产效率,以干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei L-乳酸脱氢酶突变体L-Lc LDH1Q88A/I229A为研究对象,实现其在毕赤酵母Pichia pastoris GS115中的分泌表达,并与葡萄糖脱氢酶SyGDH偶联,构建并优化体外辅酶循环体系,不对称还原苯丙酮酸(Phenylpyruvate,PPA)制备L-PLA。结果显示,毕赤酵母重组酶re Lc LDH1Q88A/I229A的表观分子量为36.8 kDa,比活力为270.5 U/mg,是原酶的42.9倍。在40℃,初始pH为5.0,底物PPA、辅酶NAD+和葡萄糖浓度分别为100、2和120mmol/L,SyGDH和re Lc LDH1Q88A/I229A添加量分别为1和10U/mL的最优条件下,L-PLA的产率可达99.8%,对映体过量(ee)值>99.9%,时空产率和平均转化率分别高达9.5 g/(L·h)和257.0 g/(g·h)。结果表明,re Lc LDH1Q88A/I229A在不对称还原PPA制备L-PLA中生产效率高,...     

毕赤酵母高密度发酵表达血管紧张素转化酶C-结构域

血管紧张素转化酶（ACE, EC3.4.15.1）在调节血压方面具有重要作用。研究证实,ACE的C结构域（ACE-C）是使血管紧张素I (AngI)分解的主要活性位点。在5 L 发酵罐中, 对重组毕赤酵母表达ACE C-结构域的发酵工艺进行优化,探讨温度、pH、甲醇浓度等主要因素对重组蛋白表达量和酶活力的影响。结果表明,当工业培养基添加2%蛋白胨为氮源时, ACE C-结构域的降解现象得到了有效控制;采用诱导温度为26℃,pH5.5,甲醇含量为1.5%的表达条件,ACE C-结构域表达量和酶活力分别达到446 mg/L和38.2U/ml,比活力达到86U/mg,是Sigma公司ACE标准品比活力的2倍,为大规模制备ACE C-结构域蛋白,筛选专一性更强的ACE C-结构域抑制剂奠定了基础。     

猪β干扰素在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及其对伪狂犬病毒的抑制作用

为了研制高活性的重组猪β干扰素,对PoIFN-β成熟蛋白第3、7和164位的3个氨基酸密码子进行毕赤酵母偏嗜性改造并构建了酵母表达载体pPICZαA-PIB。pPICZαA-PIB经SacⅠ酶切线性化后电转化导入毕赤酵母菌株X-33。多株PCR鉴定为阳性的酵母转化子经甲醇诱导发酵分泌表达了PoIFN-β,其中B1株酵母的PoIFN-β产量最高,约为2.5×105U/mL,其表达量约为60μg/mL,比活为4.17×106U/mg。将发酵上清液用PEG20000浓缩后进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测,结果表明表达产物是分子量约为28kDa和25kDa蛋白的混合物,两者均可与PoIFN-β阳性抗血清发生特异反应。表达产物比PoIFN-β理论推导分子量(约20.8kDa)大,推测可能是表达产物发生了不同程度的糖基化。重组PoIFN-β对伪狂犬病毒在细胞中增殖可呈现抑制作用,并且rPoIFN-β对伪狂犬病毒在MDBK细胞上早期增殖的抑制效果最为明显。     

恒细胞密度发酵策略提高重组毕赤酵母生产碱性果胶酶的表达效率

为了提高重组毕赤酵母生产碱性果胶酶(Alkaline polygalacturonate lyase,PGL)的比速率,开发了一种新的恒细胞密度发酵策略。通过不同的甲醇流加方式,实现发酵过程细胞密度的合理控制。实验结果表明:控制细胞密度为75 g/L的策略为最优,最终单位发酵液体积生产强度和单位菌体生产强度为6.11 U/(mL.h)和81.5 U/(g.h),分别比传统高密度发酵提高了42.1%和191.2%,最终PGL酶活为441.9 U/mL。此外,该策略还具有提高细胞活性和降低蛋白酶降解作用等优势。