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1.
Generation and antitumor effects of an engineered and energized fusion protein VL-LDP-AE composed of single-domain antibody and lidamycin 下载免费PDF全文
Type IV collagenase plays a pivotal role in invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis of tumor. Single domain antibodies are attractive
as tumor-targeting vehicle because of their much smaller size compared with antibody molecules produced by conventional methods.
Lidamycin (LDM) is a potent enediyne-containing antitumor antibiotic. In this study an engineered and energized fusion protein
VL-LDP-AE composed of lidamycin and VL domain of mAb 3G11 directed against type IV collagenase was prepared using a novel
two-step method. First a VL-LDP fusion protein was constructed by DNA recombination. Secondly VL-LDP-AE was obtained by molecular
reconstitution. In MTT assay, VL-LDP-AE showed potent cytotoxicity to HT-1080 cells and KB cells with IC
50 values of 8.55×10−12 and 1.70×10−11 mol/L, respectively. VL-LDP-AE showed antiangiogenic activity in chick chrorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and tube formation
assay. In in vivo experiments, VL-LDP-AE was proved to be more effective than free LDM against the growth of subcutaneously transplanted hepatoma
22 in mice. Drugs were given intravenously on day 3 and 10 after tumor transplantation. Compared in terms of maximal tolerated
doses, VL-LDP-AE at 0.25 mg/kg suppressed the tumor growth by 89.5%, LDM at 0.05 mg/kg by 69.9%, and mitomycin at 1 mg/kg
by 35%. Having a molecular weight of 25.2 kDa, VL-LDP-AE was much smaller than other reported antibody-based drugs. The results
suggested that VL-LDP-AE would be a promising candidate for tumor targeting therapy. And the 2-step approach could serve as
a new technology platform for making a series of highly potent engineered antibody-based drugs for a variety of cancers. 相似文献
2.
WANG Fengqiang SHANG Boyang & ZHEN YongsuInstitute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2004,47(1):66-73
Type IV collagenase plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis through cleaving type IV collagen in the basement membrane and extracellular matrix. In this study a molecule-downsized immunoconjugate (Fab'-LDM) was constructed by linking lidamycin (LDM), a highly potent antitumor antibiotic, to the Fab' fragment of a monoclonal antibody directed against type IV collagenase and its antitumor effect was investigated. As assayed in 10% SDS-PAGE gel, the molecular weight of Fab'-LDM conjugate was 65 kD with a 1 : 1 molecular ratio of Fab' and LDM. The Fab'-LDM conjugate maintained most part of the immunoreactivity of Fab' fragment to both type IV collagense and mouse hepatoma 22 cells by ELISA. By MTT assay, Fab'-LDM conjugate showed more potent cytotoxicity to hepatoma 22 cells than that of LDM. Administered intravenously, Fab'-LDM conjugate proved to be more effective against the growth of subcutaneously transplanted hepatoma 22 in mice than free LDM in two experiment settings. In Experiment 相似文献
3.
Antibody-based fusion proteins are the next generation of antibody therapies for cancer and other diseases. CD20 antigen,
which is overexpressed on cell membranes in nearly 95% of cases of B-cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, is an attractive target
for the therapy of B-lymphoid malignancies. Lidamycin (LDM) is a potent enediyne-containing antitumor antibiotic that now
has entered phase II clinical trials. In this study, we prepared an engineered fusion protein, scFv-LDP, consisting of an
anti-CD20 scFv fragment and the apoprotein LDP of LDM using DNA recombination. After purification and refolding, scFv-LDP
was found to bind specifically to CD20-positive lymphoma cells using ELISA and indirect immunofluorescent cytochemical staining
assays. The energized fusion protein scFv-LDP-AE was obtained using molecular reconstitution of the active chromophore AE
of LDM and scFv-LDP. MTT assay revealed potent cytotoxicity of scFv-LDP-AE to CD20-positive Raji and Daudi cells, with IC50 values of 1.21×10−11 and 6.24×10−11 mol L−1, respectively. An in vivo subcutaneous xenograft model of CD20-positive B cell lymphoma in BALB/c (nu/nu) mice was also utilized. Drugs were given
intravenously on day 14 and 21 after tumor transplantation. In terms of maximal tolerated doses, scFv-LDP-AE at 0.3 mg kg−1 suppressed tumor growth by 79.3%, and LDM at 0.05 mg kg−1 by 68.6% (P<0.05). Results suggested scFv-LDP-AE could be a potential candidate for tumor-targeting therapy. 相似文献
4.
Type IV collagenase plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis through cleaving type IV collagen in the basement
membrane and extracellular matrix. In this study a molecule-downsized immunoconjugate (Fab’-LDM) was constructed by linking
lidamycin (LDM), a highly potent antitumor antibiotic, to the Fab’ fragment of a monoclonal antibody directed against type
IV collagenase and its antitumor effect was investigated. As assayed in 10% SDS-PAGE gel, the molecular weight of Fab’-LDM
conjugate was 65 kD with a 1: 1 molecular ratio of Fab’ and LDM. The Fab’-LDM conjugate maintained most part of the immunoreactivity
of Fab’ fragment to both type IV collagense and mouse hepatoma 22 cells by ELISA. By MTT assay, Fab’-LDM conjugate showed
more potent cytotoxicity to hepatoma 22 cells than that of LDM. Administered intravenously, Fab’-LDM conjugate proved to be
more effective against the growth of subcutaneously transplanted hepatoma 22 in mice than free LDM in two experiment settings.
In Experiment I, the drugs were given intravenously on day 1 and day 8. Fab’-LDM at the doses of 0.025 mg/kg, 0.05 mg/kg and
0.1 mg/kg inhibited tumor growth by 76.7%, 93.3% and 94.8%, while free LDM at 0.05 mg/kg inhibited tumor growth by 76.1%,
respectively. In experiment II, the drugs were given intravenously on day 4 and day 11, Fab’-LDM at the doses of 0.025 mg/kg
and 0.05 mg/kg inhibited tumor growth by 74.2%, 80.9%, while free LDM at 0.05 mg/kg inhibited tumor growth by 60.5%, respectively.
In terms of survival time, Fab’-LDM was more effective than free LDM. The results suggest that the molecule-downsized immunoconjugate
directed against type IV collagenase is of high efficacy in experimental cancer therapy. 相似文献
5.
Kim CH Hong MJ Park SD Kim CK Park MY Sohn HJ Cho HI Kim TG Hong YK 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》2006,55(11):1309-1319
Aim: The aim of this study was to develop an immunotherapy specific to a malignant glioma by examining the efficacy of glioma tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) as well as the anti-tumor immunity by vaccination with dendritic cells (DC) engineered to express murine IL-12 using adenovirus-mediated gene transfer and pulsed with a GL26 glioma cell lysate (AdVIL-12/DC+GL26) was investigated. Experimentl: For measuring CTL activity, splenocytes were harvested from the mice immunized with AdVIL-12/DC+GL26 and restimulated with syngeneic GL26 for 7 days. The frequencies of antigen-specific cytokine-secreting T cell were determined with mIFN-γ ELISPOT. The cytotoxicity of CTL was assessed in a standard 51Cr-release assay. For the protective study in the subcutaneous tumor model, the mice were vaccinated subcutaneously (s.c) with 1×106 AdVIL-12/DC+GL26 in the right flanks on day −21, −14 and −7. On day 7, the mice were challenged with 1×106 GL26 tumor cells in the shaved left flank. For a protective study in the intracranial tumor model, the mice were vaccinated with 1×106 AdVIL-12/DC+GL26 s.c in the right flanks on days −21, −14 and −7. Fresh 1×104 GL26 cells were inoculated into the brain on day 0. To prove a therapeutic benefit in established tumors, subcutaneous or intracranial GL26 tumor-bearing mice were vaccinated s.c with 1×106 AdVIL-12/DC+GL26 on day 5, 12 and 19 after tumor cell inoculation. Results: Splenocytes from the mice vaccinated with the AdVIL-12/DC+GL26 showed enhanced induction of tumor-specific CTL and increased numbers of IFN-γ: secreting T cells by ELISPOT. Moreover, vaccination of AdVIL-12/DC+GL26 enhanced the induction of anti-tumor immunity in both the subcutaneous and intracranial tumor models. Conclusions: These preclinical model results suggest that DC engineered to express IL-12 and pulsed with a tumor lysate could be used in a possible immunotherapeutic strategy for malignant glioma.Korea Research Foundation Grant (KRF-2004-005-E00001). 相似文献
6.
A high-frequency and simple procedure for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of the medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza was developed. Leaf discs were pre-cultured on MS medium supplemented with 6.6 μmol l−1 BAP and 0.5 μmol l−1 NAA for one day, then co-cultured with A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring the plasmid pCAMBIA 2301 for three days on the same medium. Regenerated buds were obtained on selection
medium (co-culture medium supplemented with 60 mg l−1 kanamycin and 200 mg l−1 cefotaxime) after two cycles’ culture of 10 days each and then transferred to fresh MS medium with 60 mg l−1 kanamycin for rooting. Fifteen days later, the rooted plantlets were obtained and then successfully transplanted to soil.
The transgenic nature of the regenerated plants was confirmed by PCR, Southern hybridization analysis and GUS histochemical
assay. Averagely, 1.1 independent verified transgenics per explant plated were obtained through this protocol. Adopting this
procedure, positive transformed plants could be obtained within 2–3 months from mature seeds germination to transplant to
soil, and more than 1,000 transgenic plants with several engineered constructs encoding different genes of interest were produced
in our lab in the past two years. 相似文献
7.
The effect of several plant growth regulators on the number of tumors developing on potato tuber discs (Solatium tuberosum L. cv. Radka) inoculated withAgrobacterium tumefaciens, strain C 58 was studied. The plant growth regulators used in appropriate range of concentrations stimulated the formation
of tumors byA. tumefaciens.
Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was most active in concentration of 10−4 mg ml−1. Kinetin gave a biphasic response with optimal promotions of tumor initiation at 10−4 − 2 × 10−3 mg ml−1. High kinetin concentration (10−1 mg ml−1) inhibited the formation of tumors completely. Indoleacetic acid (IAA) stimulated the initiation of tumors in the same range
of concentrations as kinetin, except that very high concentrations did not inhibit but enhanced tumor formation. 2,4-diehlorphenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D) showed a biphasic response with maxima in 10−4 mg ml−1 and 10−1 mg ml−1. All the tumors scored for nopaline production showed nopaline synthase activity independently whether their formation was
stimulated by l0−1 mg ml−1 IAA or they were initiated without any treatment by plant growth regulators. 相似文献
8.
Dilsen S Paul W Sandgathe A Tippe D Freudl R Thömmes J Kula MR Takors R Wandrey C Weuster-Botz D 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2000,54(3):361-369
A pH-auxostatic fed-batch process was developed for the secretory production of a fusion protein consisting of the pro-part
of Staphylococcus hyicus lipase and two synthetic human calcitonin (hCT) precursor repeats under the control of a xylose-inducible promotor from Staphylococcus xylosus. Using glycerol as the energy source and pH-controlled addition of yeast extract resulted in the production of 2000 mg l−1 of the fusion protein (420 mg l−1 of the recombinant hCT precursor) within 14 h, reaching 45 g l−1 cell dry mass with Staphylococcus carnosus in a stirred-tank reactor. Product titer and space-time yield (30 mg calcitonin precursor l−1 h−1) were thus improved by a factor of 2, and 4.5, respectively, compared to Escherichia coli expression-secretion systems for the production of calcitonin precursors. Two hundred grams of the fusion protein was secreted
by the recombinant S. carnosus on a 150-l scale (scale-up factor of 50) with a minimum use of technical-grade yeast extract (40 mg fusion protein g−1 yeast extract).
Received: 18 January 2000 / Received revision: 14 April 2000 / Accepted: 14 April 2000 相似文献
9.
To produce recombinant β-carotene in vitro, synthetic operons encoding genes governing its biosynthesis were engineered into Escherichia coli. Constructs harboring these operons were introduced into either a high-copy or low-copy cloning vector. β-Carotene production from these recombinant E. coli cells was either constitutive or inducible depending upon plasmid copy number. The most efficient β-carotene production was with the low-copy based vector. The process was increased incrementally from a 5 l to a 50 l fermentor and finally into a 300 l fermentor. The maximal β-carotene yields achieved using the 50 l and 300 l fermentor were 390 mg l−1 and 240 mg l−1, respectively, with overall productivities of 7.8 mg l−1 h−1 and 4.8 mg l−1 h−1. 相似文献
10.
M. Wenk T. Baumgartner J. Dobovšek T. Fuchs J. Kucsera J. Zopfi G. Stucki 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1998,49(5):624-630
The evaluation of pesticide-mineralising microorganisms to clean-up contaminated soils was studied with the widely applied
and easily detectable compound atrazine, which is rapidly mineralised by several microorganisms including the Pseudomonas sp. strain Yaya 6. The rate of atrazine removal was proportional to the water content of the soil and the amount of bacteria
added to the soil. In soil slurry, 6 mg atrazine kg soil−1 was eliminated within 1 day after application of 0.3 g dry weight inoculant biomass kg soil−1 and within 5 days when 0.003 g kg soil−1 was used. In partially saturated soil (60% of the maximal water-holding capacity) 15 mg atrazine kg soil−1 was eliminated within 2 days by 1 g biomass kg soil−1 and within 25 days when 0.01 g biomass kg soil−1 was used. In unsaturated soil, about 60% [U-ring-14C]atrazine was converted to 14CO2 within 14 days. Atrazine was very efficiently removed by the inoculant biomass, not only in soil that was freshly contaminated
but also in soil aged with atrazine for up to 260 days. The bacteria exposed to atrazine in unsaturated sterile soil were
still active after a starvation period of 240 days: 15 mg newly added atrazine kg soil−1 was eliminated within 5 days.
Received: 31 October 1997 / Received revision: 16 January 1998 / Accepted: 18 January 1998 相似文献
11.
Wenyan Wang Chenggang Wang Bang-Lian Huang Bangquan Huang 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,92(2):165-171
A protocol was developed for regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of Lesquerella fendleri. Calli were first induced from hypocotyls and cotyledons on MS plus 0.5 mg l−1 BA, 1 mg l−1 NAA and 1 mg l−1 2,4-D, then co-cultivated for 2–3 days in darkness on MS supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 BA, 0.2 mg l−1 NAA and 100 μmol l−1As together with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105/pCAMBIA1301 that harbored genes for uidA (GUS) and hygromycin resistance. Following co-cultivation, calli transfected by A. tumefaciens were transferred to MS with 0.5 mg l−1 BA, 0.2 mg l−1NAA, 500 mg l−1 Cef and 10 mg l−1 hygromycin and cultured for 10 days, then the hygromycin was increased to 20 mg l−1 on the same medium. After 4 weeks the resistant regenerants were transferred to MS with 0.5 mg l−1BA, 0.2 mg l−1 NAA, 500 mg l−1 Cef and 25 mg l−1 hygromycin for further selections. Transgenic plants were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis, GUS histochemical
assay and genomic Southern blot hybridization. With this approach, the average regeneration frequency from transfected calli
was 22.70%, and the number of regenerated shoots per callus was 6–13. Overall results described in this study demonstrate
that Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a promising approach for improvement of this Lesquerella species. 相似文献
12.
Summary Tillage has been shown to affect the uptake of phosphorus (P) and yield of soybeans, [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], but there is little information concerning the effects of P fertilization on nitrogen (N2) fixation in soybeans under no-tillage. Two field experiments were conducted in 1980 and 1981 to determine the effects of
soil P on N2 fixation under no-tillage and to study the interaction of P fertilization and tillage of N2 fixation, nutrient uptake, and yield of soybeans. In Exp. I, P was applied in 1977 at five rates up to 384 kg P ha−1 and the effects of residual soil P were evaluated in 1980 and 1981 under no-tillage management. Nitrogen fixation rates,
as measured by acetylene reduction assay, were significantly affected by soil P in Exp. I, but the assay proved to be a poor
technique for estimating total plant N in these tests. Acetylene reduction rates and plant P increased rapidly as soil P increased
from 2 to 20 mg kg−1, with little additional increase above 20 mg P kg−1.
In Exp. II, rates (0, 32, 64, and 128 kg P ha−1) and time (fall, spring and fall plus spring) of P application were compared under conventional tillage and no tillage. However,
plant P increased with increasing levels of applied P. Applied P had no affect on acetylene reduction rates but rates were
greater for no-tillage than conventional tillage at the V9 and R5 stages of growth in 1981. Plant uptake of P was more efficient
under no-tillage than under conventional tillage in 1980 and 1981. Application of 64 kg P ha−1 under no-tillage resulted in equivalent plant P levels as the 128 kg P ha−1 applied under conventional tillage. 相似文献
13.
Adventitious roots of Echinacea purpurea were cultured in airlift bioreactors (20 l, 500 l balloon-type, bubble bioreactors and 1,000 l drum-type bubble bioreactor)
using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2 mg indole butyric acid l−1 and 50 g sucrose l−1 for the production of chichoric acid, chlorogenic acid and caftaric acid. In the 20 l bioreactor (containing 14 l MS medium)
a maximum yield of 11 g dry biomass l−1 was achieved after 60 days. However, the amount of total phenolics (57 mg g−1 DW), flavonoids (34 mg g−1 DW) and caffeic acid derivatives (38 mg g−1 DW) were highest after 50 days. Based on these studies, pilot-scale cultures were established and 3.6 kg and 5.1 kg dry biomass
were achieved in the 500 l and 1,000 l bioreactors, respectively. The accumulation of 5 mg chlorogenic acid g−1 DW, 22 mg chichoric acid g−1 DW and 4 mg caftaric acids g−1 DW were achieved with adventitious roots grown in 1,000 l bioreactors. 相似文献
14.
Xu LP Ma T Jiang WJ Qiu PX Wang X Su XW Yan GM 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2006,72(1):72-76
A novel metalloproteinase, recombinant fibrinogenase IV (rFIVa), was expressed and purified from Agkistrodon acutus venom. It is a single-chain protein with an apparent molecular weight of 27 kDa. Western blot showed that it had a good immunological reaction against anti-FIVa rabbit serum. The kinetic parameters Km and Kcat of rFIVa on the substrate T6140 were 7.471×10−4 mol/l and 5.103×10−5 s−1. RFIVa cleaved preferentially the α-chain, and the β- and γ-chains of fibrinogen were also cleaved when the incubation time was prolonged. The administration of rFIVa (1.8 and 5.4 mg/kg) to animals with acute blood-stasis model produced a decrease in fibrinogen to control values. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the expression, purification, and evaluation of recombinant fibrinogenase IV, which belongs to class P-I metalloproteinase from A. acutus venom. 相似文献
15.
Invasionandmetastasisarethemostimportantcharacteristicsofmalignanttumor.TheoverexpressionandincreasingactivityofcollagenaseIVintumortissueshavebeenconsideredasoneofthemainfactorsinvolvedintumormetastasis[1].IthasbeenthoughtthattheincreasingcollagenaseI… 相似文献
16.
Robert E. Kane Joseph Tector John J. Brems Albert Li Donald Kaminski 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》1991,27(12):953-960
Summary The sulfate and glucuronide conjugation of acetaminophen (APAP) by hepatocytes cultured on Matrigel or type 1 collagen was
compared to APAP metabolism in vivo. The metabolic fate of low (15 mg/kg), medium (125 mg/kg), and high (300 mg/kg) doses
of APAP injected intraperitoneally were determined in male and female rats. Males excreted more APAP as the sulfate conjugate
than females, which correlated with the twofold greater APAP sulfotransferase activity in the male vs. females (301±24 vs.
156±18 pmol · mg−1 protein · min−1). Also, as sulfate conjugation became saturated, there was a dose-related shift in APAP metabolism from sulfate to glucuronide
conjugation in both sexes. After death, the livers of the same animals were perfused with collagenase and the hepatocytes
cultured in modified Waymouth’s medium on either Matrigel or rat-tail collagen, with various doses of APAP (0, 0.125, 0.25,
0.5, and 1.0 mM). Sex differences in APAP sulfation and glucuronidation persisted in culture for up to 4 days, with sulfation predominating
in the male similar to in vivo. With increasing APAP concentration (dose), there was a saturation of sulfate conjugation and
a shift to glucuronidation as observed in vivo. Sex differences in APAP sulfation and glucuronidation were no longer significant
by Day 4 in culture. Sulfation, and to a lesser extent, glucuronidation, were more stable on Matrigel than collagen. We concluded
that APAP metabolism of freshly isolated hepatocytes could replicate in vivo sex differences in conjugation, and that Matrigel
was superior to collagen as substrate. 相似文献
17.
Sumantran VN Kulkarni AA Harsulkar A Wele A Koppikar SJ Chandwaskar R Gaire V Dalvi M Wagh UV 《Journal of biosciences》2007,32(4):755-761
Myrrh (guggulu) oleoresin from the Commiphora mukul tree is an important component of antiarthritic drugs in Ayurvedic medicine. Clinical data suggest that elevated levels of
hyaluronidase and collagenase type 2 enzymes contribute significantly to cartilage degradation. Triphala guggulu (TG) is a guggulu-based formulation used for the treatment of arthritis. We assessed the chondroprotective potential of TG by examining its
effects on the activities of pure hyaluronidase and collagenase type 2 enzymes. Triphala shodith guggulu (TSG), an intermediate in the production of TG, was also examined. A spectrophotometric method was used to assay Hyaluronidase
activity, and to detect potential Hyaluronidase inhibitors. Aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of TSG showed weak but dose-dependent
inhibition of hyaluronidase activity. In contrast, the TG formulation was 50 times more potent than the TSG extract with respect
to hyaluronidase inhibitory activity. A validated X-ray film-based assay was used to measure the gelatinase activity of pure
collagenase type 2. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of the TG formulation were 4 times more potent than TSG with respect to collagenase
inhibitory activity. Components of Triphala were also evaluated for their inhibitory activities on hyaluronidase and collagenase. This is the first report to show that
the T2 component of Triphala (T. chebula) is a highly potent hyaluronidase and collagenase inhibitor. Thus, the TG formulation inhibits two major enzymes that can degrade cartilage matrix. Our study provides
the first in vitro preclinical evidence of the chondroprotective properties of TG. 相似文献
18.
19.
Water hyacinth productivity and detritus accumulation 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms] productivity and detritus accumulation were evaluated in eutrophic lake water with and without added nutrients
(fertilized and control reservoirs, respectively). Seasonal changes in plant productivity and detritus accumulation were determined
at monthly intervals for one year.
Significant differences were observed in plant productivity between seasons and nutrient additions. Seasonal plant productivity
ranged from 1.9 to 23.1 mg (dry wt) ha−1 for the fertilized reservoir and −0.2 to 10.2 mg ha−1 for the control reservoir. Detritus accumulation was not significantly different between seasons or nutrient additions. Seasonal
N assimilation by plants ranged from 34 to 242 kg N ha−1 for plants in the fertilized reservoir and < 0 to 104 kg N ha−1 for plants in the control reservoir. Annual net N recovered in detritus represented 21 and 28% of the total N removed by
plants in the fertilized and control reservoirs, respectively. Net N loading to the reservoirs from detritus was 92 to 148
kg N ha−1 yr−1. 相似文献
20.
High-rate biological conversion of sulfide and nitrate in synthetic wastewater to, respectively, elemental sulfur (S0) and nitrogen-containing gas (such as N2) was achieved in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor. A novel strategy was adopted to first cultivate mature granules
using anaerobic sludge as seed sludge in sulfate-laden medium. The cultivated granules were then incubated in sulfide-laden
medium to acclimate autotrophic denitrifiers. The incubated granules converted sulfide, nitrate, and acetate simultaneously
in the same EGSB reactor to S0, N-containing gases and CO2 at loading rates of 3.0 kg S m−3 d−1, 1.45 kg N m−3 d−1, and 2.77 kg Ac m−1 d−1, respectively, and was not inhibited by sulfide concentrations up to 800 mg l−1. Effects of the C/N ratio on granule performance were identified. The granules cultivated in the sulfide-laden medium have
Pseudomonas spp. and Azoarcus sp. presenting the heterotrophs and autotrophs that co-work in the high-rate EGSB-SDD (simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification)
reactor. 相似文献