浊度法测定发酵液中L—苯丙氨酸含量

本介绍浊度测定发酵液中Ｌ－苯丙氨酸含量的方法,根据指示菌生长的细胞密度与生长培养基内所含的苯丙氨酸量在一定浓度范围内呈线性关系的原理,摸索了浊度最和达条件,结果表明浊度法测定发酵液中的苯丙氨酸含量,简便,准确性高。     

荧光法测定发酵液中的苯丙氨酸含量

本文介绍荧光测定微生物发酵液中苯丙氨酸含量的方法。它的原理是苯丙氨酸和茆三酮在pH5.8的酸性二肽溶液中能形成荧光产物。所产生的荧光再被铜离子增强并稳定之后,即可用荧光分先光度计进行测定。测定的激发光波长为365mm,发射光波长为500nm。本文对荧光测定的条件进行了研究,结果表明荧光测定发酵液中苯丙氨酸的含量是一种专一性强,灵敏度高,操作简便的微量分析方法。     

酵母细胞生物转化反式—肉桂酸生产L—苯丙氨酸的研究

据文献调查,搜集了国内可能相关的30株酵母,进行生物转化反式-肉桂酸(t-Ca) 生产L-苯丙氨酸 (L-Phe) 的微生物筛选研究,并对部分菌株生物转化能力,即苯丙氨酸解氨酶 (PAL,EC _(4、3、1、5) 活性水平进行了初步评估。筛选结果是:22株酵母具有转化 t-Ca 生成 L-Phe 的能力,转化率在2—67％范围。选出7株酵母研究在液体培养条件下细胞生长和PAL活性的时间过程关系,PAL 活性范围在 2.3—14.4x10~(-s)u/m g细胞干重。深红酵母 (Rhodotorularubra) AS2.166作为生物转化制备实经菌株,在静止细胞和固定化细胞批式反应条件下,结果获得L-Phe分离产率分别为42.0％,28.7％。     

双酶电极法测定L-苯丙氨酸的研究

本文以Ｃｌａｒｋ氧电极为基础,把水杨酸羟化酶和苯丙氨酸脱氨酶同时固定在氧电极的表面,制成了双酶生物传感器。在磷酸缓冲液中,水杨酸浓度为０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核甘酸（ＮＡＤ＾＋）的浓度为１．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,其响应电流的变化对应反池中Ｌ－苯丙氨酸的浓度在０－０．１５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ之内有良好的线性范围。     

粘红酵母产L-苯丙氨酸解氨酶的条件和酶法合成苯丙氨酸的研究

研究了粘红酵母(Rhodotorula glutinis)中L-苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)(EC4.3.1.5)的产酶条件及用此酶把反式肉桂酸转化成苯丙氨酸的条件.结果表明,在下列培养基(g/L)及培养条件下PAL的活力较高:酵母膏10.0,蛋白胨10.0,NaCl5.0,KH_2PO_4 0.5,苯内氨酸0.5,(NH_4)_2SO_41.0,葡萄糖5.0,pH6.0—6.5,培养温度为30℃.转化过程中,[NH_4~+]对初速度的影响符合米氏方程,其K_m和V_(max)分别为16.85mol/L和5.96 g·L~(-1)·h~(-1),最适pH为10.0.底物肉桂酸对反应初速度的影响,在低浓度时有激活作用,在高浓度下则有抑制作用.肉桂酸转化为苯丙氨酸的转化率在60.0%以上.     

草鱼肠道对L-亮氨酸和L-苯丙氨酸的吸收

利用离体灌注法研究草鱼肠道对Ｌ－亮氨酸和Ｌ－苯丙氨酸的吸收规律。结果表明,草鱼肠道对两种氨基酸的吸收是一种逆浓度、需要转运载体的主动吸收方式。通过动力学特征分析表明,草鱼肠道对Ｌ－亮氨酸的吸收率强于Ｌ－苯丙氨酸,而肠道对Ｌ－苯丙氨酸的跨壁运输能力强于Ｌ－这氨酸。由氨酸酸浓度对吸收率的影响建立的动力学参数为Ｌｅｕ：Ｊｍａｘ＝０．７３２μｍｏｌ／ｇ．ｍｉｎ,ｋｔ＝５１．６０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ;Ｐｈｅ：Ｊｍａ     

EFFECT OF FLUOROPHENYLALANINE ON L-PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE ACTIVITY IN AVENA COLEOPTILES

Treatment of etiolated A vena coleoptile apices with several concentrations of DL-p-fluorophenylalanine, previously reported to stimulate coleoptile elongation, caused marked reductions in chlorogenic acid content. Levels of this analogue which had no growth effect caused no detectable alteration of chlorogenic acid accumulation. Evidence is presented which indicates that chlorogenic acid levels may reflect extractable L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in this tissue. Incubation of coleoptiles with 5 mm DL-p-fluorophenylalanine resulted in significantly lowered extractable ammonia-lyase activity compared to controls. Similar treatment of tissues with the ortho isomer also caused a reduction of enzyme activity but to a lesser extent. Treatment with the meta isomer had no effect on extractable enzyme activity. These findings provide further evidence for the hypothesis that DL-p-fluorophenylalanine stimulates coleoptile elongation by lowering L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and the subsequent biosynthesis of potentially inhibitory low molecular weight phenols.     

真菌菌丝体和发酵液的氨基酸分析比较

<正> 对云芝等7种真菌的菌丝体和发酵液分别测定17种氨基酸的含量,测定结果表明这些菌丝体中含有丰富的人体8种必需氨基酸,支链氨基酸及精氨酸,而芳香族氨基酸和含硫氨基酸却很低。7种真菌的菌丝体和它们的子实体,和三种食用蛋白(α-酪蛋白,卵白蛋白,大豆球蛋白)及4种粮食产品     

ESTIMATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF CHILLED BEEF USING AUTOMATED TURBIDIMETRY

Total bacterial counts on chilled beef samples were estimated by the standard plate count method and by an automated turbidimetric system. The latter method is based on product-specific calibration curves constructed by correlating growth curve parameters calculated for the turbidimeter to the log CFU values obtained by plate counts. A total of 74 beef samples was used to construct the calibration curves. Correlation analysis between turbidimetric parameters and plate count values showed that detection time was the best predictor to estimate microbial loads on fresh (r=0.91) and aged beef (r=0.94). Microbial loads for a different set of aged beef samples (n = 37) refrigerated for 7, 9, 10, 17 and 45 days were compared by turbidimetric measurements and plate counts. Mean total viable counts were log 5.92 ± 1.17 and log 5.54 ± 1.28 CFU/mL, respectively. Results showed that total bacterial counts on chilled beef could be estimated accurately from turbidimetric parameters. Furthermore, setting a cut-off value of log 6 CFU/mL allowed to accepting/rejecting samples according to their microbial condition in shorter periods of time compared to the traditional plate count method.     

微量液基稀释法测定中药活性成分的体外抗曲霉菌活性*

通过测定中药活性成分肉桂醛和柠檬醛对常见深部条件致病性真菌黄曲霉、烟曲霉的抗菌活性,为建立中药抗曲霉菌药敏试验标准提供参考依据。参照美国国家临床试验标准化委员会(National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards,NCCLS)提出的标准,用微量液基稀释法分别测定肉桂醛和柠檬醛对黄曲霉、烟曲霉的抗菌活性。肉桂醛对黄曲霉、烟曲霉最低抑菌浓度(Minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)分别为：0.100μg/mL,0.050μg/mL,柠檬醛对黄曲霉、烟曲霉的MIC分别为：2．600μg/mL、0．650μg/mL。中药活性成分肉桂醛和柠檬醛具有高效抗曲霉作用。该研究可为制定中药抗曲霉作用评价标准提供参考依据。     

发酵液内氨甲酰妥布拉霉素的定量测定

报道了应用一种以测量图象面积为指标的Ｚｙ－３００Ａ多功能抑菌圈测量仪,能够精确、稳定、快速地测定发酵液经薄层层析生物显迹后单组分氨甲酰妥布拉霉素的抑菌斑面积,然后从绘制的标准曲线中直接读取氨甲酸妥布拉霉素在发酵液中的含量,从而排除了其他组分对测定的干扰。试验证明,用Ｚｙ－３００Ａ多功能抑菌圈测量仪测定抗生素薄层层析生物显迹的抑菌斑,具有线性宽、精密度高、重复性强、操作简单方便等优点．本方法的建立为抗生素的纯品检定和多组分抗生素发酵、分离和纯化提供了准确的定量数据．