黄羊生物学研究现状

黄羊属偶蹄目牛科原羚属,是内蒙古草原上经济价值高,数量大的一种特有蹄动物,对黄羊的生物学研究主要涉及到分,形态学描述,分布,种群数量变化,食性,活动规律,繁殖,种群结构及动态和保护等方面。     

蒙原羚亚成体外部形态及消化道若干指标的测量分析

对在内蒙古自治区新巴尔虎右旗猎捕到的蒙原羚(Procapragutturosa)亚成体的外部形态及消化道若干指标进行了测量及分析,结果表明,蒙原羚亚成体的体重平均为27.47kg,体长平均为105.37cm,尾长平均为10.94cm,肩高平均为56.55cm。蒙原羚亚成体胃(含胃容物)的总重为5.26kg,占体重的19.15%;瘤胃(含胃容物)重(平均3.81kg)占胃总重的72.43%;肠道总长为2708.86cm,是体长的25·71倍;小肠总长为1909.87cm,占肠道总长的70.50%;大肠总长为798.99cm,占肠道总长的29.50%。蒙原羚亚成体兼有精饲者和粗饲者的特征。     

内蒙古达赉湖地区蒙原羚冬季采食生境选择

蒙原羚是欧亚大陆温带草原生态系统中的特有物种和数量最多的有蹄类动物。2010年11月—2011年1月,在内蒙古达赉湖地区开展了蒙原羚冬季采食生境选择研究。结果表明:蒙原羚冬季选择利用雪深<6cm,地上生物量>50g.m-2,距围栏1000～2000m,植被高度>20cm,植被盖度>40%,隐蔽条件(可视距离)3000～4000m,到居民点距离>2000m,距家畜>2000m,坡度<20°,中上坡位,针茅(Stipa spp.)和羊草(Aneurolepidium chinnenses)等植被类型的生境采食;生境因子综合影响蒙原羚的冬季采食生境选择,依照贡献值的大小依次为到围栏距离、地上生物量、雪深和隐蔽条件。逐步判别分析表明,由这4个变量构成的判别方程在对蒙原羚采食样方进行区分时,正确判别率为82.1%。因此,建立合理的围栏管理制度、提高可利用食物量等是蒙原羚保护的关键。     

内蒙古草原主要蝗虫的防治经济阈值

通过取样调查确定内蒙古草原的优势蝗虫种类;根据5种优势蝗虫自然种群的结构和数量,计算了其蝗蝻和成虫的平均寿命;在半自然条件下测定了这5种蝗虫在不同发育阶段的日食量。根据这5种蝗虫蝗蝻和成虫平均寿命及其日食量数据,估算了不同蝗虫造成的牧草损失,提出了其防治经济阈值(3龄蝻,头/m²), 其中：毛足棒角蝗Dasyhippus barbipes为22.7,小蛛蝗Aeropedellus variegates minutus为37.4,亚洲小车蝗 Oedaleus asiaticus为16.9,宽须蚁蝗 Myrmeleotettix palpalis为34.3,狭翅雏蝗Chorthippus dubius为36.7。     

青藏公路对藏羚羊、藏原羚和藏野驴活动的影响

2003年8月和2004年8月,在可可西里国家自然保护区通过实地调查,分析了青藏公路运营对藏羚羊(Pantholops hodgsoni)、藏原羚(Procapra picticaudata)和藏野驴(Equus kiang)行为活动的影响.结果表明:藏野驴对青藏公路形成了回避,其在距路基1 001～2 000和2 001～3 000 m区域内的种群密度显著高于0～500 m的区域(P＜0.05);青藏公路对藏羚羊、藏原羚的行为活动产生了一定程度的干扰,尤其是对藏羚羊,其在距路基0～500 m区域内的行为活动与距路基2000 m之外的区域具有极显著差异(P＜0.01).同时,因其群体数量大,个体通过公路所花费的时间长,需要很长的车辆行驶间隔才能通过公路,故受车辆运输的干扰最大,无法顺利通过公路.研究还发现,在白天的不同时间段,藏羚羊、藏原羚在公路附近的数量分布与各时间段内的车流量呈极显著负相关,这有利于其穿越公路,说明野生动物通过自身的适应和行为调节可以减少环境改变所造成的影响.     

水分胁迫对不同年龄沙地樟子松幼苗存活与光合特性影响

樟子松以其抗寒、抗旱和速生性,自20世纪50年代在科尔沁沙地南缘人工引种用于固沙造林试验成功以来,已成为我国北方荒漠化地区防风固沙造林的首选树种。然而,进入20世纪90年代以来,早期引种的沙地樟子松人工林出现了衰退现象;虽然从理论上分析,原因可能有病虫害、地理位置、水分条件、营林技术等,但其中水分条件应该是沙地樟子松人工林提早衰退的最重要的原因之一。以1~5年生樟子松幼苗为材料,采用盆栽控水处理法对苗木进行水分胁迫试验,观测水分胁迫条件下樟子松苗木成活与光合特征及其水分利用效率的变化。结果表明,樟子松苗木成活的临界土壤含水率随苗龄的变化没有显著差异,1~5年生苗木成活的临界土壤含水率均在1.5%~1.8%之间。4种不同水分胁迫处理(对照、20%、30%和40%田间持水量)对光合特性的影响为:轻度胁迫(40%田间持水量)时对光合特性的各个指标影响不大;随胁迫程度加重,光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率逐渐降低;导致樟子松苗木光合速率降低的主要原因应是气孔因素,即在水分胁迫下,气孔的开张度减小,导致胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率下降,进而影响光合速率;另外,水作为光合作用的原料之一,当其供应不足时,也直接导致光合速率的降低。2年生、4年生的樟子松幼苗在相同的土壤干旱胁迫条件下,各生理指标比较接近,即生理指标与苗龄之间并没有表现出明显区别。樟子松苗木的水分利用效率在较重度胁迫(20%田间持水量,3.5%)条件下没有降低,而在轻度胁迫条件下,水分利用效率有升高趋势;表明樟子松在较低的土壤含水量条件下,具有忍耐一定干旱胁迫的能力。综合研究表明:樟子松只有在极度水分胁迫时(土壤含水率接近成活的临界土壤含水率值:对于1~5年生苗木约为1.7%)才会出现死亡,这对研究水分与樟子松人工林衰退关系具有参考价值。     

In vitro and in vivo effects of the Mongolian drug Amu‐ru 7 on Helicobacter pylori growth and viability

Amu‐ru 7, a Mongolian folk medicine, is used to treat digestive diseases such as gastritis and gastric and duodenal ulcers. We examined the effect of Amu‐ru 7 on the growth and viability of Helicobacter pylori in vivo and in vitro. By the agar dilution method, the MIC of Amu‐ru 7 for H. pylori strains was shown to be 100–200 μg/mL with a MIC₉₀ of 200 μg/mL. Two hundred micrograms per milliliter of Amu‐ru 7 exhibited potent bactericidal activity against H. pylori in the stationary phase of growth 6 hr after treatment. Amu‐ru 7 inhibited the growth of both AMPC‐resistant and CAM‐resistant strains, and also had a combined effect with AMPC on AMPC‐resistant strain 403. The Amu‐ru 7 inhibited biofilm formation by H. pylori and induced morphological changes, such as bleb‐like formation and shortening of the cell. Although colonization of the stomach of the Mongolian gerbil by H. pylori was not cured by treatment with Amu‐ru 7, both the mean number of H. pylori colonized and the colonization rate were decreased in Amu‐ru 7 treated gerbils. These results suggest the effectiveness Amu‐ru 7 as an adjunct therapy for eradication therapies consisting of a PPI combined with antibiotics.     

Effect of climate on the growth of annual rings in the main roots of perennial forbs in an Inner Mongolian semi‐arid grassland,China

Question: Is there a pattern in growth of annual rings in roots of perennial forbs in relation to climate and climate extremes in grassland ecosystems? Location: Semi‐arid grassland in Duolun (42°27′N, 116°41′E, 1380 m a.s.l.), central Inner Mongolia, China. Methods: Main roots of three perennial species, Potentilla anserina L., Cymbaria dahurica L. and Lespedeza daurica Schindl., were sampled. Cross‐sections (10–15‐μm thick) were produced from the proximal end of sampled roots using a sledge microtome. Annual growth rings in the main roots were identified and measured by differentiating between earlywood and latewood in the secondary xylem. Relationships between annual growth rings and monthly mean temperature and total monthly precipitation were identified using correlation analysis. Differences in an annual ring width to the previous and following years were examined by calculating a distinctness score. Results: The three perennial forbs showed clearly demarcated annual growth rings in all individuals and the same fluctuation patterns. Their ring widths were generally positively correlated with precipitation from April to October (except for August) and with temperature from February to June (except June for L. daurica), September to October, and the annual mean. Strong deviations of annual ring widths from their neighbour rings were observed in 1998 and 2000. The trend of absolute distinctness scores (D_m) increased significantly from 1988 to 2003, indicating an increase in the frequency of annual ring width variation. Conclusions: Annual growth rings in the main roots of three perennial forb species can be used as an indicator of the influence of climate on below‐ground grassland growth. The change in below‐ground conditions and effects on the functioning of grassland should receive more attention in future studies.     

血清PCT、NETs、MFG-E8、TLR 9与重症急性胰腺炎患者肠黏膜屏障功能的相关性分析及对预后的影响

摘要 目的：分析血清降钙素原（PCT）、中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网（NETs）、乳脂球表皮生长因子8（MFG-E8）、Toll样受体9（TLR 9）与重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者肠黏膜屏障功能的相关性,并观察其对预后的影响。方法：回顾性分析本院2019年3月至2022年1月期间收治的174例SAP患者的临床资料（SAP组）,另收集并分析同期来本院进行健康体检的90例志愿者临床资料（对照组）,对比对照组、SAP组的血清PCT、NETs、MFG-E8、TLR 9和血清内毒素（LPS）、D-乳酸、二胺氧化酶（DAO）水平,分析PCT、NETs、MFG-E8、TLR 9与肠黏膜屏障功能指标的相关性。174例患者入院28 d内死亡39例,生存135例,根据28 d内预后不同分为死亡（n=39）和生存组（n=135）。单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析预后的影响因素。结果：SAP组的血清PCT、NETs、TLR 9水平高于对照组,MFG-E8水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。SAP组的血清LPS、D-乳酸、DAO水平高于对照组（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果证实：LPS、D-乳酸、DAO与PCT、NETs、TLR 9呈正相关,与MFG-E8呈负相关（P<0.05）。单因素分析显示：SAP患者的预后与年龄、糖尿病、高血脂、D-二聚体（D-D）、血淀粉酶、急性生理功能和慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ（APACHE Ⅱ）评分、急性胰腺炎严重程度床边指数（BISAP）评分、LPS、D-乳酸、DAO、PCT、NETs、MFG-E8、TLR 9、减少饮酒、低脂饮食有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：BISAP评分偏高、APACHE Ⅱ评分偏高、LPS偏高、PCT偏高、血淀粉酶偏高、D-乳酸偏高、DAO偏高、NETs偏高、MFG-E8偏低、TLR 9偏高均是SAP患者预后的危险因素,而减少饮酒、低脂饮食则是SAP患者预后的保护因素（P<0.05）。结论：SAP患者体内血清PCT、NETs、MFG-E8、TLR 9水平异常变化,且与肠黏膜屏障功能相关,同时血淀粉酶、APACHEⅡ评分、BISAP评分、LPS、PCT、D-乳酸、DAO、NETs、MFG-E8、TLR 9是SAP患者预后的危险因素,而减少饮酒、低脂饮食则是SAP患者预后的保护因素,临床应注意早期评估,以改善患者预后。     

倒刺线在经脐单孔腹腔镜穿孔修补术治疗老年胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔的疗效分析及对肠道屏障功能的影响

目的:探讨倒刺线在经脐单孔腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术中治疗老年患者的临床效果及对肠道屏障功能的影响。方法:回顾性分析南方医科大学附属东莞石龙人民医院收治的行经脐单孔腹腔镜穿孔修补术的老年胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者108例的临床资料,按照穿孔缝线的不同分为两组,对照组采用普通可吸收缝线修补穿孔(n=57例),观察组采用倒刺线缝合修补穿孔(n=51例)。比较两组手术指标、术后恢复指标、疼痛指标、术后1个月并发症的发生情况、肠道屏障功能指标的变化。结果:观察组较对照组穿孔缝合时间和手术时间明显缩短(P<0.05),但两组术中出血量、住院时间、肠蠕动恢复时间、肛门恢复排气时间、术后疼痛和并发症发生率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。对照组术后肠道屏障功能指标血浆D-乳酸(D-Lac)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)均高于观察组(P<0.05)。结论:经脐单孔腹腔镜穿孔修补术使用倒刺线缝合老年胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者,能够一定程度降低腹腔镜下穿孔的缝合难度,并且可显著减少缝合和手术时间,从而加快肠道功能恢复,提高术后康复效率。     

Determination of the Enantiomerization Barrier of the Residual Enantiomers of C3‐Symmetric Tris[3‐(1‐Methyl‐2‐Alkyl)Indolyl]Phosphane Oxides: Case Study of a Multitasking HPLC Investigation Based on an Immobilized Polysaccharide Stationary Phase

The residual enantiomers of three tris‐(3‐indolyl)‐phosphane oxides bearing different alkyl groups (methyl, ethyl or i‐propyl) in position 2 of the indole rings constituting the blades were separated on the immobilized type Chiralpak IC column in polar organic and reversed‐phase modes. The good enantioselectivity and versatility of the IC CSP allowed easy isolation of the enantiomerically highly enriched samples suitable for configurational stability studies. The enantiomerization barriers of residual phosphane oxides were evaluated both by off‐column techniques (CD signal and enantiomeric purity decay kinetics) and by dynamic enantioselective high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Chirality 27:888–899, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.