Surface reflectance properties of Antarctic moss and their relationship to plant species, pigment composition and photosynthetic function

In this study the variations in surface reflectance properties and pigment concentrations of Antarctic moss over species, sites, microtopography and with water content were investigated. It was found that species had significantly different surface reflectance properties, particularly in the region of the red edge (approximately 700 nm), but this did not correlate strongly with pigment concentrations. Surface reflectance of moss also varied in the visible region and in the characteristics of the red edge over different sites. Reflectance parameters, such as the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and cold hard band were useful discriminators of site, microtopographic position and water content. The PRI was correlated both with the concentrations of active xanthophyll‐cycle pigments and the photosynthetic light use efficiency, F_v/F_m, measured using chlorophyll fluorescence. Water content of moss strongly influenced the amplitude and position of the red‐edge as well as the PRI, and may be responsible for observed differences in reflectance properties for different species and sites. All moss showed sustained high levels of photoprotective xanthophyll pigments, especially at exposed sites, indicating moss is experiencing continual high levels of photochemical stress.     

Salinity Tolerance in Some Selected Aquatic Oligochaetes

Salt tolerance of the freshwater tubificid Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri varied from an LD 50 of 10 ppt to 10.5 ppt for mature and immature worms without sediment, 9.4 to 10.5 in sand, and 14.3 for immatures acclimated to 5 ppt. Ilyodrilus templetoni was similarly intolerant to higher salinities. The estuarine Tubificoides gabriellae tolerated salt water, but was susceptible to freshwater, with LD 50's of 2 and 3.5 when acclimated to 5 and 10 ppt sea water. It survived immersion in freshwater for 3 hours. The estuarine naidids Paranais litoralis and frici experienced mortalities at both high and low salinities but showed a wide tolerance range. The coastal tubificid Monopylephorus irroratus showed almost complete tolerance to the salinity range employed. The findings reflected field distributions especially when interstitial salinities were measured, but worms did not occupy the full range of habitats possible in terms of salinity alone.     

Diverse Optical and Photosynthetic Properties in a Neotropical Dry Forest during the Dry Season: Implications for Remote Estimation of Photosynthesis1

Using optical and photosynthetic assays from a canopy access crane, we examined the photosynthetic performance of tropical dry forest canopies during the dry season in Parque Metropolitano, Panama City, Panama. Photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and three indices derived from spectral reflectance (the normalized difference vegetation index, the simple ratio, and the photochemical reflectance index) were used as indicators of structural and physiological components of photosynthetic activity. Considerable interspecific variation was evident in structural and physiological behavior in this forest stand, which included varying degrees of foliage loss, altered leaf orientation, stomatal closure, and photosystem II downregulation. The normalized difference vegetation index and the simple ratio were closely related to canopy structure and absorbed radiation for most species, but failed to capture the widely divergent photosynthetic behavior among evergreen species exhibiting various degrees of downregulation. The photochemical reflectance index and chlorophyll fluorescence were related indicators of photosynthetic downregulation, which was not detectable with the normalized difference vegetation index or simple ratio. These results suggest that remote sensing methods that ignore downregulation cannot capture within‐stand variability in actual carbon flux for this diverse forest type. Instead, these findings support a sampling approach that derives photosynthetic fluxes from a consideration of both canopy light absorption (e.g., normalized difference vegetation index) and photosynthetic light‐use efficiency (e.g., photochemical reflectance index). Such sampling should improve our understanding of controls on photosynthetic carbon uptake in diverse tropical forest stands.     

干旱胁迫下雷竹叶片叶绿素的高光谱响应特征及含量估算

植物叶片的反射光谱特征与叶绿素含量密切相关。以重要的笋用竹种雷竹(Phyllostachys violascens)为研究对象,采用盆栽及控水试验方法研究了2年生雷竹在干旱胁迫条件下冠层叶片反射光谱的响应特征,分析了叶片叶绿素含量与不同波段光谱反射率一阶微分值以及光谱特征参数之间的相关关系,并以雷竹叶绿素含量敏感波段及构建的植被指数与叶绿素含量进行了拟合。结果表明,重度缺水处理后雷竹叶片叶绿素含量显著降低,在可见光区叶片光谱反射率随叶绿素含量的降低而增加,以波长493、639、693、756 nm等处的光谱反射率一阶微分值与叶绿素含量的相关性较高。雷竹叶片叶绿素含量与光谱特征参数如绿峰反射率、红谷反射率、蓝边面积、绿峰面积之间的相关性较高。与已有的植被指数相比基于雷竹叶绿素含量敏感波段修正后的植被指数与叶绿素含量相关性优于原植被指数。基于反射率一阶微分值构建的多元回归方程以及修正的绿色归一化植被指数(m GNDVI)构建的回归方程拟合效果较好,为雷竹叶绿素含量的较优估算方程。研究结果可以为雷竹叶绿素含量的快速无损测定以及季节性干旱条件下雷竹林的科学经营及灾后评估提供依据。     

Tolerance of seahorse Hippocampus kuda (Bleeker) juveniles to various salinities

In line with current conservation efforts, some success in the captive breeding of the seahorse Hippocampus kuda (Teleostei: Syngnathidae) has been achieved. To evaluate the salinity tolerance of these hatchery‐bred juveniles, 9‐week‐old H. kuda were transferred without prior acclimatization from ambient full strength seawater (32–33 ppt) to salinities ranging from freshwater to 85 ppt. Survival, growth, and total body water content were determined after 4 and 18 days of exposure. Juvenile H. kuda are able to survive in dilute seawater (15 ppt) for at least 18 days without any compromise in growth (both wet and dry body weight), survival, and total body water. Fish abruptly transferred to freshwater succumbed within 4–24 h, while survival of 5 ppt‐reared fish decreased to ca. 65% in 18 days. Although 10 ppt‐reared seahorses had growth and survival comparable with the control (30 ppt seawater), total body water was significantly elevated indicating reduced adaptability. The upper limit of H. kuda salinity tolerance was 50 ppt. Fish reared at salinities ≥55 ppt succumbed within 24 h. Like several other marine teleosts, growth and survival of juvenile H. kuda tended to peak in diluted seawater salinities of 15 and 20 ppt. These results indicate the possibility of growing hatchery‐bred H. kuda in brackishwater environments.     

Dynamics of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and reflectance to detect stress-induced variations in canopy photosynthesis

Passive measurement of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (F) represents the most promising tool to quantify changes in photosynthetic functioning on a large scale. However, the complex relationship between this signal and other photosynthesis-related processes restricts its interpretation under stress conditions. To address this issue, we conducted a field campaign by combining daily airborne and ground-based measurements of F (normalized to photosynthetically active radiation), reflectance and surface temperature and related the observed changes to stress-induced variations in photosynthesis. A lawn carpet was sprayed with different doses of the herbicide Dicuran. Canopy-level measurements of gross primary productivity indicated dosage-dependent inhibition of photosynthesis by the herbicide. Dosage-dependent changes in normalized F were also detected. After spraying, we first observed a rapid increase in normalized F and in the Photochemical Reflectance Index, possibly due to the blockage of electron transport by Dicuran and the resultant impairment of xanthophyll-mediated non-photochemical quenching. This initial increase was followed by a gradual decrease in both signals, which coincided with a decline in pigment-related reflectance indices. In parallel, we also detected a canopy temperature increase after the treatment. These results demonstrate the potential of using F coupled with relevant reflectance indices to estimate stress-induced changes in canopy photosynthesis.     

Analysis of Photosynthetic Activity at the Leaf and Canopy Levels from Reflectance Measurements: A Case Study

The photochemical reflectance index (PRI), based on reflectance signatures at 531 and 570 nm, and associated with xanthophyll pigment inter-conversion and related thylakoid energisation, was evaluated as an indicator of photosynthetic function in a Mediterranean holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) coppice. The chlorophyll fluorescence pulse-amplitude-modulation and the eddy correlation techniques were used to estimate the photosystem 2 photochemical efficiency of leaves and the CO₂ flux over the canopy, respectively. The reflectance and fluorescence techniques yielded identical estimates of the photosynthetic activity in leaves exposed to dark-light-dark cycles or to a variable irradiance in laboratory. However, there was no such correlation between photosynthetic performance and PRI when applied to a sun-exposed canopy in field conditions. Fluorescence profiles inside the canopy and especially a helpful use of multispectral reflectance imaging highlight the limitations of such method.     

Effect of salinity on the embryonic development of Macrobrachium acanthurus (Decapoda: Palaemonidae)

The effect of salinity level on the embryonic development of Macrobrachium acanthurus was analyzed under laboratory conditions, considering characteristics of the egg (size, volume, and water content) and of the embryo (eye index). The experimental design was completely randomized, with five repetitions (ovigerous females) per treatment (0, 10, 17 and 20 ppt). During embryonic development, two eggs per female were taken daily for analyses of size, volume, water content, and eye index. Our results showed that salinity of 20 ppt leads to death and/or abortion of the embryo in all females. The size, volume and water content of eggs increased according to embryonic development, providing space in the egg for formation and organization of embryo. Salinity affected these egg characteristics, causing water loss to the hypertonic medium. Neither the duration of embryonic development nor embryo formation were affected by saltwater content. The results of the present study indicate that ovigerous females of M. acanthurus can survive in freshwater rivers as well as in low-salinity environments during incubation period and the successful larval development is not likely to rely on female migrating to estuaries. Larvae can easily be incubated in freshwater and complete development at higher salinities after hatch.     

Multiple Euryhaline Lineages of Centrohelids (Haptista: Centroplasthelida) in Inland Saline Waters Revealed with Metabarcoding

The diversity of centrohelids in inland saline waters was studied with metabarcoding for the first time. The fragment of V6–V7 regions of 18S rDNA was sequenced with newly designed primers. Obtained OTUs were identified with molecular phylogenetic analysis and comparison of the signatures in 39es9 hairpin of V7. The obtained data included some OTUs, which could be attributed to four described species, but the majority belonged to previously established or novel environmental clades. Along with some presumably marine/brackish clades and freshwater/low salinity (0–2 ppt) clades, seven presumable species demonstrating broad (from 1–2 up to 78 ppt) salinity tolerance were detected. A number of OTUs belonged to Raphidocystis contractilis, which is known from three independent findings in brackish habitats only. Thus, it was assumed that this species is stenohaline and specifically adapted to salinity 5–15 ppt. The high level of salinity tolerance was suggested for centrohelids before based on morphology, which was used to justify their cosmopolitan distribution. Later these views were criticized based on environmental sequencing, but the results of the current survey indicate, that at least some species are present at salinities from almost freshwater (1–2 ppt) to twice oceanic (78 ppt) and are presumably capable of overcoming oceanic salinity barriers for their distribution.     

Assessing leaf pigment content and activity with a reflectometer

This study explored reflectance indices sampled with a 'leaf reflectometer' as measures of pigment content for leaves of contrasting light history, developmental stage and functional type (herbaceous annual versus sclerophyllous evergreen). We employed three reflectance indices: a modified normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), an index of chlorophyll content; the red/green reflectance ratio ( R _RED: R _GREEN), an index of anthocyanin content; and the change in photochemical reflectance index upon dark–light conversions (ΔPRI), an index of xanthophyll cycle pigment activity. In Helianthus annuus (sunflower), xanthophyll cycle pigment amounts were linearly related to growth light environment; leaves in full sun contained approximately twice the amount of xanthophyll cycle pigments as leaves in deep shade, and at midday a larger proportion of these pigments were in the photoprotective, de-epoxidized forms relative to shade leaves. Reflectance indices also revealed contrasting patterns of pigment development in leaves of contrasting structural types (annual versus evergreen). In H. annuus sun leaves, there was a remarkably rapid increase in amounts of both chlorophyll and xanthophyll cycle pigments along a leaf developmental sequence. This pattern contrasted with that of Quercus agrifolia (coast live oak, a sclerophyllous evergreen), which exhibited a gradual development of both chlorophyll and xanthophyll cycle pigments along with a pronounced peak of anthocyanin pigment content in newly expanding leaves. These temporal patterns of pigment development in Q. agrifolia leaves suggest that anthocyanins and xanthophyll cycle pigments serve complementary photoprotective roles during early leaf development. The results illustrate the use of reflectance indices for distinguishing divergent patterns of pigment activity in leaves of contrasting light history and functional type.     

The effect of spawning salinity on eggs of spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus, Cuvier) from two bays with historically different salinity regimes

Spotted seatrout are capable of spawning in a wide range of salinities. Along the Texas Gulf Coast, bay salinities increase from an average of 14 ppt in Galveston Bay to an average of 40 ppt in Lower Laguna Madre due to the negative gradient of freshwater inflow from north to south. Tagging studies have shown that the majority of spotted seatrout do not migrate between adjacent bay systems. Spawning salinity has been shown to affect many properties of eggs including the diameter and salinity of neutral buoyancy. Spotted seatrout from two historically different salinity regimes (Matagorda Bay (MB) and Upper Laguna Madre (ULM)) were kept in the laboratory and induced to spawn in three salinities: 20, 30, and 40 ppt. The purpose of this study was to evaluate eggs at each of the three salinities and between the two bay systems. Two-way ANOVA showed a significant effect on the egg diameter of bay and spawning salinity, and a significant interaction between bays and spawning salinity. No significant difference in size at hatch was found between spawning salinities or between bays. Hatch rates in spawning salinity were >90% in all cases. Regression of wet weight on spawning salinity was highly significant for both bays. Eggs spawned in 20 ppt have the largest wet weight and eggs spawned in 40 ppt have the smallest wet weight, irrespective of parental bay origin. Percentage of water varied between 92% for 20 ppt spawned eggs and 86% in 40 ppt spawned eggs. Neutral Buoyancy Salinity (NBS) of eggs increased with increasing spawning salinity. Eggs spawned by the Upper Laguna Madre fish held at 20 ppt were not positively buoyant at 20 ppt. The results of this study suggest that spotted seatrout are locally adapted to the prevailing salinity regime within an estuary.     

Effects of low-salinity on the growth and development of spotted halibut Verasper variegatus in the larva-juvenile transformation period with reference to pituitary prolactin and gill chloride cells responses

Low-salinity adaptability was investigated in a flatfish spotted halibut Verasper variegatus during the period from late metamorphic larvae to early juveniles by a 20-day rearing experiment under different salinity regimes (1, 4, 8, 16 and 32 ppt). Effects of low-salinity on growth and development were examined and the changes in the prolactin (PRL) production level in the pituitary and the gill chloride cell morphology were examined as physiological backgrounds for low salinity adaptation. PRL cells and chloride cells were identified by immunocytochemistry with a specific antiserum for PRL₁₈₈ and Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase. Most of the fish exposed to over 4 ppt survived for 20 days, but all the fish exposed to 1 ppt died within 5 days. Fish kept in intermediate salinities (8, 16 ppt) grew significantly better than those in the control group (32 ppt). Fish exposed to 4 ppt attained almost the same body length as the control group at 20 days after transfer, although these fish showed an abnormally dark body color as well as delayed development. These results suggested that spotted halibut has a high-adaptability to low-salinity environments and prefers an intermediate salinity near iso-osmolality (about 12 ppt) from the late metamorphic larval stage, but does not completely adapt to a hypoosmotic of 4 ppt salinity or less than half of the osmolality. The percentage of PRL-cell volume to pituitary volume was significantly higher at 4 ppt than in the control group. The chloride cells in gill filaments were significantly larger at 4 ppt than in the control group. These results suggest that juveniles could adapt to a low-salinity environment due to the activation of PRL production and enlargement of chloride cells. These laboratory findings suggest that late metamorphic larvae and early juveniles of spotted halibut may utilize a low salinity environment such as estuarine tidal flats or very shallow coastal areas as their nursery grounds in the sea.     

The effect of cadmium on plasma melanocyte-stimulating hormone and morphological changes of melanophores in the cichlid fish Oreochromis niloticus,at different salinity levels

ABSTRACT

The effects of cadmium concentration (0, 2.5 and 5 mg L^?1) on melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), melanophore index (MI), and melanophore number (MN), as well as a microscopic examination of scale melanocytes in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1757) was evaluated at different salinity levels (0, 5 and 15 ppt). The levels of MSH, MI, and MN were lower in Cd-exposed fish than in control fish (not exposed to Cd) at salinity level of 0 and 5 ppt. In ppt, however these levels of MSH, MI and MN in control and Cd-exposed fish were not significantly different. In the media without Cd, the levels of MSH, MI and MN were not significantly different at all salinities. The morphological changes of melanophores were higher in Cd-exposed fish than in control fish at salinity 0 and 5 ppt, respectively. These morphological changes were not significantly different in the control fish at all salinities as well as in fish exposed to 0–5 mg L^?1 Cd at salinity of 15 ppt. This study therefore demonstrates that the toxic effect of Cd on MSH levels and melanophore morphology decreased with increasing salinity. Further, due to the sensitivity of chromatophores to Cd, melanophore morphology is proposed as a biomarker of Cd exposure in aquatic ecosystems.     

Application of Reflectance Spectroscopy for Analysis of Higher Plant Pigments

Nondestructive techniques developed by the authors for assessment of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins in higher plant leaves and fruits are presented. The spectral features of leaf reflectance in the visible and near infrared regions are briefly considered. For pigment analysis only reflectance values at several specific wavelengths are required. The chlorophyll (Chl) content over a wide range of its changes can be assessed during leaf ontogeny using reflectance near 700 nm and, in the absence of anthocyanins, at 550 nm. The approaches used for elimination of Chl interference in the analysis of carotenoids (reflectance at 520 nm) and anthocyanins (at 550 nm) are described. The suitability of reflectance spectroscopy for estimates of carotenoid/chlorophyll ratios during leaf senescence and fruit ripening is demonstrated. The algorithms developed for pigment analysis are presented, and the conditions of their applicability are considered. Further perspectives for the application of reflectance spectroscopy including remote sensing for estimation of plant pigment content and physiological states are discussed.     

Enhancement of growth of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in iso-osmotic medium

Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) kept in 15 ppt sea water (roughly iso-osmotic salinity) had higher growth rates than fish kept in 0 ppt (freshwater) or 30 ppt seawater, but circulating level of growth hormone was highest in fish exhibiting the poorest growth rate (30 ppt seawater). Serum thyroxine concentration was highest in 15 ppt seawater. Intestinal trypsin may play a role in promoting growth in iso-osmotic salinity since its activity was highest in fish cultured in 15 ppt seawater. The results indicate that changes in the digestive power, coupled with changes in thyroxine secretion, may account for the variations in growth rate in tilapia reared under different salinities.     

Confounding effects of snow cover on remotely sensed vegetation indices of evergreen and deciduous trees: An experimental study

Located at northern latitudes and subject to large seasonal temperature fluctuations, boreal forests are sensitive to the changing climate, with evidence for both increasing and decreasing productivity, depending upon conditions. Optical remote sensing of vegetation indices based on spectral reflectance offers a means of monitoring vegetation photosynthetic activity and provides a powerful tool for observing how boreal forests respond to changing environmental conditions. Reflectance-based remotely sensed optical signals at northern latitude or high-altitude regions are readily confounded by snow coverage, hampering applications of satellite-based vegetation indices in tracking vegetation productivity at large scales. Unraveling the effects of snow can be challenging from satellite data, particularly when validation data are lacking. In this study, we established an experimental system in Alberta, Canada including six boreal tree species, both evergreen and deciduous, to evaluate the confounding effects of snow on three vegetation indices: the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the photochemical reflectance index (PRI), and the chlorophyll/carotenoid index (CCI), all used in tracking vegetation productivity for boreal forests. Our results revealed substantial impacts of snow on canopy reflectance and vegetation indices, expressed as increased albedo, decreased NDVI values and increased PRI and CCI values. These effects varied among species and functional groups (evergreen and deciduous) and different vegetation indices were affected differently, indicating contradictory, confounding effects of snow on these indices. In addition to snow effects, we evaluated the contribution of deciduous trees to vegetation indices in mixed stands of evergreen and deciduous species, which contribute to the observed relationship between greenness-based indices and ecosystem productivity of many evergreen-dominated forests that contain a deciduous component. Our results demonstrate confounding and interacting effects of snow and vegetation type on vegetation indices and illustrate the importance of explicitly considering snow effects in any global-scale photosynthesis monitoring efforts using remotely sensed vegetation indices.     

基于光谱指数的喀斯特植物叶片叶绿素含量定量估算

为了探讨适合于喀斯特植物叶片叶绿素含量估算的光谱指数,在总结以往基于光谱指数的植物生化参数估算研究基础上发现,常用光谱指数通常采用差值、比值、归一化以及倒数差值方式来构建。因此,我们通过上述4种光谱指数构建方式对所采集的4种典型喀斯特植物——黄荆(Vitex negundo)、盐麸木(Rhus chinensis)、朴树(Celtis sinensis)和红背山麻杆(Alchornea trewioides)叶片原始光谱反射率及其一阶导数值与同步测定的叶片叶绿素含量进行遍历分析,以期获得最优光谱指数并将其应用于喀斯特植物叶片叶绿素含量定量估算研究。结果表明：(1)常用光谱指数中,改良红边归一化指数(modified red-edge normalized difference vegetation index, mND705)对喀斯特植物叶片叶绿素含量估算效果较好(决定系数为0.45,均方根误差为0.26 mg·g^-1)。(2)虽然荧光比值(fluorescence ratio index, FRI1)和叶绿素吸收面积光谱指数(chlorophyll absorp...     

Effects of salinity on growth and on valve morphology of five estuarine diatoms

The effects of salinity on the growth and valve morphology of five benthic estuarine diatoms (Nitzschia pusilla, N. frustulum, N. palea, N. filiformis var. conferta and Eolimna subminuscula), isolated from both freshwater and brackish/marine habitats, were investigated. The four Nitzschia strains grew well over a broad salinity range, though some (N. pusilla, N. frustulum) showed a broader salinity range tolerance (from fully saline down to at least 9.5 ppt) than others (N. palea, N. filiformis var. conferta had reduced growth at salinities of 16 ppt and above). Salinity significantly affected the valve morphology of the five strains studied. However, there was no consistent pattern in either the morphological characters affected or the direction of the effects. Although significant, the effects of salinity on valve morphology were very small and therefore it seems that the taxonomic usefulness of some of the classical taxonomical characters is not undermined.     

Variation in the phenology of photosynthesis among eastern white pine provenances in response to warming

In higher‐latitude trees, temperature and photoperiod control the beginning and end of the photosynthetically active season. Elevated temperature (ET) has advanced spring warming and delayed autumn cooling while photoperiod remains unchanged. We assessed the effects of warming on the length of the photosynthetically active season of three provenances of Pinus strobus L. seedlings from different latitudes, and evaluated the accuracy of the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and the chlorophyll/carotenoid index (CCI) for tracking the predicted variation in spring and autumn phenology of photosynthesis among provenances. Seedlings from northern, local and southern P. strobus provenances were planted in a temperature‐free‐air‐controlled enhancement (T‐FACE) experiment and exposed to ET (+1.5/3°C; day/night). Over 18 months, we assessed photosynthetic phenology by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange, leaf spectral reflectance and pigment content. During autumn, all seedlings regardless of provenance followed the same sequence of phenological events with the initial downregulation of photosynthesis, followed by the modulation of non‐photochemical quenching and associated adjustments of zeaxanthin pool sizes. However, the timing of autumn downregulation differed between provenances, with delayed onset in the southern provenance (SP) and earlier onset in the northern relative to the local provenance, indicating that photoperiod at the provenance origin is a dominant factor controlling autumn phenology. Experimental warming further delayed the downregulation of photosynthesis during autumn in the SP. A provenance effect during spring was also observed but was generally not significant. The vegetation indices PRI and CCI were both effective at tracking the seasonal variations of energy partitioning in needles and the differences of carotenoid pigments indicative of the stress status of needles. These results demonstrate that PRI and CCI can be useful tools for monitoring conifer phenology and for the remote monitoring of the length of the photosynthetically active season of conifers in a changing climate.     

淹水胁迫下棉花叶片高光谱特征及叶绿素含量估算模型

为即时监测淹水胁迫下棉花功能叶叶绿素含量,确立叶绿素含量与单叶光谱特征参数的定量关系,本文以遮雨棚内蕾期淹水胁迫下的盆栽棉花为研究对象,淹水后每 3 d对棉花叶片进行测定、取样,综合分析叶绿素含量与高光谱特征参数的相关性,并构建和验证叶绿素含量的估算模型.结果表明: 随着淹水胁迫程度的加重,叶片叶绿素含量下降;叶片原始光谱反射率、一阶微分光谱反射率分别在580、697 nm波段附近与叶绿素含量呈显著负相关;利用差值指数和归一化指数建立的估算模型优于单波段线性模型,其中以植被指数(DR₆₉₇-DR₇₃₈)/(DR₆₉₇+DR₇₃₈)为自变量建立的模型棉花单叶叶绿素含量估算值与实测值拟合度最好,拟合系数为0.814,可用于淹水胁迫下棉花单叶叶绿素含量的估测.