Polychaetes (Annelida: Polychaeta) epibiont on Spondylus americanus (Bivalvia: Spondylidae) from Mochima National Park, Venezuela

The polychaetes epibiontic on the mollusk Spondylus americanus Hermann, 1781 were extracted from mollusks hand-collected at a depth of 10-30 m in Mochima National Park, Venezuela (10 degrees 21'00" N-63 degrees 23'36" W), using scuba diving gear. Forty-three polychaete species were identified on the 32 bivalve specimens analyzed. The Serpulidae included 17 especies, Eunicidae six and Terebellidae four species. The most abundant species were Hydroides dirampha M?rch, 1863, Pileolaria militaris Claparède, 1868 (Serpulidae), and Notaulax nudicollis Kr?yer, 1856 (Sabellidae). Their geographic affinitie were: 51.3% Atlantic, 28.2% widely distributed, 17.9% Amphiamericans, and 2.6% have a disjunct distribution.     

两对姊妹线虫成虫生殖系细胞学特征研究

采用DAPI-荧光染色法研究松材线虫、拟松材线虫、李氏长尾线虫和吴氏长尾线虫等两对形态相似的姊妹线虫的成虫生殖系细胞学特征,描述并且比较了两对姊妹线虫之间以及姊妹线虫对之间的成虫生殖系细胞排列方式和贯穿于生殖细胞分裂过程中的染色体变化行为,同时也图示了这4种线虫的成虫生殖系细胞核形态图和染色体形态图。研究表明,利用线虫成虫生殖系细胞学特征来探讨线虫种类之间甚至个体之间的相互关系,将可能便于人们更好地界定线虫"种"的范围及解释线虫进化和系统发育过程;研究还表明,经DAPI-荧光染色的生殖系细胞排列模式可能可以作为一种较好的线虫分类特征。此外,本研究的4种线虫的染色体数目均为2n=12。     

Downstream movement of juvenile brown trout,Salmo trutta,L. in the tributaries of Loch Leven,Kinross, Scotland

Anomalous individuals in five species of marine polychaetes are described. The anomalies fall into three structural types, viz, duplication, bifurcation and common variation. Included in the first are double ventral cirrus in Perinereis nuntia vallata and duplicate operculum in Hydroides homoceros. Bifid antenna in Lysidice collaris and forked anal papilla in Armandia leptocirris constitute the second type. The third includes supernumerary eyes in Arabella iricolor iricolor and variations in opercular crown in, again, Hydroides homoceros.     

污损性管栖多毛类生态特点及研究展望

污损性管栖多毛类属环节动物门,主要由龙介虫科(Serpulidae)、螺旋虫科(Spirorbidae)、缨鳃虫科(Sabellidae)和蛰龙介科(Terebllidae)4科55种组成,以华美盘管虫(Hydroides elegans)、内刺盘管虫(H.ezoensis)、龙介虫(Serpula vermicularis)和克氏无襟毛虫(Pomatoleios kraussii)等种类为优势种,通常成批的附着在物体表面,严重影响人工设施的安全和性能。污损性管栖多毛类的分布具有明显的地域性和季节性,并与深度有关。今后工作应进一步开展管栖多毛类基础生物学研究,探讨外来种的入侵及影响,丰富和发展生态和分类等方面的研究内容。     

Serpulids (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from the Northwestern Caribbean with keys to the Grand Caribbean region: Salmacina, Ficopomatus, Pomatoceros, Pomatostegus, Protula, Pseudovermilia, Spirobranchus and Vermiliopsis

From the revision of more than 1,250 serpulids, 15 species from the Grand Caribbean Region were identified and characterized. Thirteen species were collected along the shores of the Yucatan Peninsula and eight were found in other localities in the Gulf of Mexico, seven others are from Cuba and comments on type specimens of two species are also included. Three morphometric analyses were made to evaluate some characters. The first on Pomatostegus stellatus (Abildgaard), and related species and subspecies: P. brachysoma Schmarda, P. macrosoma Schmarda, P. s. fruticosa M?rch, P. s. pentapoma M?rch and P. s. tetrapoma M?rch, indicated that they are conspecific. Another one on Spirobranchus de Blainville species: S. dendropoma M?rch, S. giganteus (Pallas), S. polycerus (Schmarda) and S. polycerus augeneri ten Hove; indicated that S. giganteus differs from the other three taxa. The third analysis was made on Vermiliopsis annulata (Schmarda) sensu lato; it allowed the recognition of three different forms. Several incomplete specimens might belong to an undescribed genus. A key for identification of all the species recorded in the Grand Caribbean Region is also included.     

Does sea-grass biomass control the density of peracarids (Crustacea: Peracarida) in tropical lagoons?

We analyzed the time-space variation of the peracarid crustaceans that inhabit seagrasses of the Alvarado Lagoon System, Veracruz, Gulf of Mexico. The organisms were collected from 108 samples in six sites with Ruppia maritima beds (December 1992 to November 1994). The assemblage was composed of 11 species. Eight species of Amphipoda (Hourstonius laguna, Cerapus benthophilus, Apocorophium louisianum, Grandidierella bonnieroides, Leptocheirus rhizophorae, Gammarus mucronatus, Melita longisetosa and Haustorius sp.), one of Isopoda (Cassidinidea ovalis) and two of Tanaidacea (Discapseudes holthuisi and Leptochelia savignyi) were identified. Taxocoenosis, density and biomass of peracarids showed seasonal pulses related to R. maritima biomass, salinity variation, epicontinental affluent and inlets. The species C. ovalis, G. mucronatus, A. louisianum and D. holthuisi were dominant.     

Linnaeus's butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea)

The names of all the species of butterflies described by Linnaeus under "Papilio" are researched. Of the 305 names treated, 243 (c. 80%) are currently valid as specific (241) or subspecific (2), 29 are junior synonyms, 14 are invalid (one of these applying to a fake), and for 13 the identity is unknown or uncertain. Six species of moths misidentified by Linnaeus as butterflies are cited in the study, but details are not included. One hundred and fifty-two lectotypes have been designated, representing about 56% of the sum of the valid names and junior synonyms. Of these, 99 were selected from specimens in the Linnean Society of London, 52 from Queen Ludovica Ulrica's collection, Uppsala, and one lectotype is a Petiver specimen from the collection of Sir Hans Sloane. Linnaeus described at least five species, possibly eight, from the literature alone. All Linnaean material examined is documented, as are 'subsequent' specimens that are associated with Linnaean material. Synonymy and homonymy are discussed and presented, as are the identities of type localities. Care has been taken to achieve a practical balance between Linnaean and current species identities. Linnaean material studied included specimens from The Linnean Society of London, Museum Ludovicae Ulricae (Uppsala University), the Clerck and De Geer collections in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, and the collection of James Petiver, now part of the collection of Sir Hans Sloane housed in The Natural History Museum, London.     

A new fish, Peristedion nesium (Scorpaeniformes: Peristediidae) from Isla del Coco, Costa Rica

Several expeditions in recent years to Isla del Coco have increased the total number of species of fishes known from the island. Several of these species have been described as new endemics (Bussing 1983, 1990, 1991a, 1991b, 1997). During the 1972 R/V Searcher Expedition to Costa Rica several trawl collections were made around Isla del Coco. At five localities in depths between 110 and 180m, 86 specimens of a new species of Peristedion were taken and are described herein. A key to the four species of Eastern Pacific Peristedion is included.     

中国船甲螨属记述(蜱螨亚纲:甲螨亚目:卷边甲螨科)

本文记述中国船甲螨属Ｓｃａｐｈｅｒｅｍａｅｕｓ Ｂｅｒｌｅｓｅ种类共６种,其中包括５新种：网纹船甲螨Ｓ．ｒｅｔｅｓｔｒｉａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,钩船甲螨Ｓ．ｕｎｃｉｎａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,四网船甲螨Ｓ．ｑｕａｒｉｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。,双突船甲螨．Ｓｂｉｔｕｂｅｒｃｕｌａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,指突船甲螨Ｓ．ｄｉｇｉｔａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ和１个中国新纪录种子代船甲螨Ｓ．ｎａ     

狭摇蚊属二新种及中国一新纪录种(双翅目,摇蚊科)

记录狭摇蚊属2新种:海南狭摇蚊Stenochironomus hainanus sp.nov.,尖狭摇蚊S.mucronatus sp.nov.和1中国新纪录种:印拉狭摇蚊S.inalemeus Sasa。模式标本保存于南开大学生命科学学院。海南狭摇蚊,新种Stenochironomus hainanus sp.nov.(图1 ~3)本种与花翅狭摇蚊S.nublipennis相似。两者的主要区别在于S.hainanus sp.nov.的翅透明,无色斑;S.nublipennis翅具色斑。正模♂,中国海南省昌江县坝王岭自然保护区, 1988-05-10 ,灯诱,王新华采。副模2 ♂♂,同正模。词源:hainanus,地名,为标本采集地名。尖狭摇蚊,新种Stenochironomus mucronatus sp.nov.(图4 ~7)本种与麦氏狭摇蚊S.macateei相似。两者的主要区别在于S.mucronatus sp.nov.腹部背板Ⅰ~Ⅴ浅黄色,腹部背板Ⅵ~Ⅷ浅棕色,生殖节深棕色,肛尖尖状,呈三角形;S.macateei周身浅黄色,肛尖呈棒状。正模♂,中国福建省龙岩市上杭县步云村,1993-05-06 ,灯诱,王新华采。词源:源于拉丁语,mucronatus, "尖状",意指肛尖的形状。印拉狭摇蚊Stenochironomus inalemeus Sasa,2001中国新纪录(图8 ~12)观察标本: 1 ♂,中国福建省永泰县青云山风景区,2002-09-19 ,灯诱,王新浦采; 3 ♂♂,中国广东省封开县黑石顶国家自然保护区,1988-04-20 ,灯诱,王新华采; 2 ♂♂,中国四川省甘孜县雅江,1996-06-14 ,灯诱,王新华采; 1 ♂,中国四川省雅安市周公河, 1996-05-18 ,灯诱,王新华采;1 ♂,中国陕西省周至县, 1994-08-10 ,灯诱,卜文俊采;1 ♂,中国陕西省凤县,1994-08-01 ,灯诱,卜文俊采; 1 ♂,中国陕西省留坝县, 1994-07-29 ,卜文俊灯诱。分布:中国(福建、广东、四川、陕西) ;日本。     

A numerical taxonomy of the pan species of Crinum based on morphological characters

Fourteen characters of 64 specimens from five taxa; Crinum rautanenianum Schinz, C. paludosum Verdoorn, C. carolo-schmidtii Dinter and C. lugardiae N. E. Brown, previously described within the complex and the more widespread C. macowanii Baker, were subjected to multivariate and univariate statistical analyses in order to circumscribe morphological species as objectively as possible. Results of the clustering and ordination analyses confirm the existence of five distinct phenetic species in the group. The most useful characters that provide taxonomic clarity are identified whilst previously used diagnostic features are discussed. A new key to the species based on examined specimens is provided. Distribution maps of members of this species complex are also presented.     

New Distribution Records for Sphenomorphus tonkinensis(Lacertilia: Scincidae) with Notes on Its Variation and Diagnostic Characters

Sphenomorphus tonkinensis is a recently described new species based on specimens collected from northern Vietnam and Hainan, China. Herein, we report 13 additional specimens of S. tonkinensis from five new localities in Guangxi, Guangdong and Jiangxi, southern China. These specimens were compared with the type specimens of S. tonkinensis, which allows us to revise the diagnostic characteristics of this newly described species. Additional information on morphological variation, distribution and reproductive biology are provided, which extends our understanding of the natural history of S. tonkinensis.     

Sulfur-oxidizing bacterial endosymbionts: analysis of phylogeny and specificity by 16S rRNA sequences.

The 16S rRNAs from the bacterial endosymbionts of six marine invertebrates from diverse environments were isolated and partially sequenced. These symbionts included the trophosome symbiont of Riftia pachyptila, the gill symbionts of Calyptogena magnifica and Bathymodiolus thermophilus (from deep-sea hydrothermal vents), and the gill symbionts of Lucinoma annulata, Lucinoma aequizonata, and Codakia orbicularis (from relatively shallow coastal environments). Only one type of bacterial 16S rRNA was detected in each symbiosis. Using nucleotide sequence comparisons, we showed that each of the bacterial symbionts is distinct from the others and that all fall within a limited domain of the gamma subdivision of the purple bacteria (one of the major eubacterial divisions previously defined by 16S rRNA analysis [C. R. Woese, Microbiol. Rev. 51: 221-271, 1987]). Two host specimens were analyzed in five of the symbioses; in each case, identical bacterial rRNA sequences were obtained from conspecific host specimens. These data indicate that the symbioses examined are species specific and that the symbiont species are unique to and invariant within their respective host species.     

Establishment of the Caribbean Serpulid Tubeworm Hydroides sanctaecrucis Krøyer [in] Mörch, 1863, in Northern Australia

The serpulid tubeworm Hydroides sanctaecrucis is recorded from tropical northern Australia for the first time. This species is native to the Caribbean, where it is common in coastal lagoons, and has not previously been reliably recorded from the western Pacific. The species was identified after heavy and unusual serpulid fouling was noted on vessel hulls in Cairns, north Queensland, and hull fouling is considered the most probable vector for its translocation to the western Pacific. In northern Australia, H. sanctaecrucis displays similar traits to other fouling and now widely dispersed fouling serpulids such as Hydroides elegans, H. ezoensis and Ficopomatus enigmaticus.     

Reconstructing species phylogeny of the carabid beetles Ohomopterus using multiple nuclear DNA sequences: heterogeneous information content and the performance of simultaneous analyses

We attempted a phylogenetic reconstruction for the carabid subgenus Ohomopterus (genus Carabus), a notable case of radiation with mitochondrial introgression across species. Sequence data from five nuclear single copy loci were used, including wingless (Wg), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PepCK), cytochrome c (Cytc), elongation factor-1alpha (EF-1alpha), and an anonymous single copy locus (Carab1). Sequences of Cytc, EF-1alpha, and Carab1 included intron or intron-like parts with length variation. The analysis of individual loci resulted in low resolution of the phylogenetic relationships, and the monophyly of several morphologically recognized species for which multiple specimens were analyzed was not revealed. Several specimens were heterozygous, with non-monophyletic alleles observed in three of the five loci at which alleles in heterozygotes were separated. In a simultaneous analysis of the five loci with ambiguously aligned parts eliminated and heterozygotic sites treated as missing, the resulting tree was well resolved, but the branch support was generally weak because of conflicting phylogenetic signals from different loci. We also attempted to incorporate allelic sequence data plus the ambiguously aligned parts in the analysis, by using all possible combinations of alleles from different loci in heterozygotic individuals, but the resultant tree was not supported more strongly. Nonetheless, these simultaneous analyses provided support for the monophyly of several species and species groups, and revealed the basic evolutionary trend of OHOMOPTERUS: initial widespread groups with simpler genitalia and the origination of exaggerated genitalia in a derived clade. This study exemplifies problems inherent in the phylogenetic reconstruction of closely related organisms where low levels of variation limit the information content from each locus, while heterozygosity, different phylogenetic history of multiple loci, and alignment ambiguity further hamper phylogenetic reconstruction unless several loci converge on a uniform signal.     

西藏拉萨河谷地土壤中的暗色丝孢菌(英文)

从采自拉萨河谷地的17份土样中,分离获得38个暗色丝孢菌分离物,经鉴定分别属于15属中的25种,其中包括3个新种,即西藏粘鞭霉Gliomastix tibetensis,西藏单格孢Monodictys tibetensis和小孢瓶梗霉Phialomyces microsporus,1个中国新记录种嗜毛金色孢Chrysosporium keratinophilum。对新种和中国新记录种进行了描述和图示,对其他21个中国已报道种作了分离地点和生境的引证。主模式和等模式标本(干制培养物)分别保藏在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)和中国科学院菌物标本馆(HMAS)。其余研究过的标本(干制培养物)与活菌种保存在HSAUP。     

Ant specificity and behaviour in mutualisms with epiphytes: the case of Lecanopteris (Polypodiaceae)

Seven species of the fern Lecanopteris: L. sinuosa, L. sarcopus, L. mirabilis, L. curtisii, L. pumila, L. celebica and L. damaedii are regularly inhabited by ants of five species: Iridomyrmex cordatus, I. murinus, Crematogaster treubi, C. difformis and Camponotus pallidas. Inhabitation is not obligate; either party can survive without the other, but ferns without ants are rare in their natural habitat. The total recorded diversity of ants in Lecanopteris is 31 species, 20 of which were only recorded once.
All five regularly inhabiting ant species kept larvae in the domatium (82% of Lecanopteris specimens examined). The major ant species inhabiting Lecanopteris deposited debris in the domatium, segregated from their brood (90% of Lecanopteris specimens). Iridomyrmex murinus did not build carton around the rhizomes, but the other major inhabitants constructed runways in 79% of Lecanopteris specimens. Goccid cultivation was variable within ant and plant species: I murinus tended them in 50% of specimens, and homopterans were also recorded with Crematogaster treubi (39%), C. bomeensis (27%) and I cordatus (16%). A high frequency of ant colonies inhabiting Lecanopteris , keeping larvae, depositing debris, building carton runways, and occasionally keeping coccids has been established. Specificity of ant species is high within a population of Lecanopteris , or a given habitat or geographical area, but outside the ranges of regular inhabitants other ant occupants are found. Comparable data from other genera of ant-epiphytes with domatia show similar diversity of inhabitance over geographical areas; no data are available within single plant populations.     

On the bats (Chiroptera) of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia

As part of a study of the mammalian fauna of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a number of interesting bat specimens have been collected. The Egyptian fruit-eating bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus , and the Greater mouse-tailed bat, Rhinopoma microphyllum , are recorded for the first time from the country. Distributional notes and comments on the biology of these two and on five other species of bats from Saudi Arabia are mentioned. Previous distributional records of the other eight species known from the country are summarized. A map showing collecting localities is included.