外源Spd预处理对甜瓜白粉病抗性及其内源多胺的诱导分析

以甜瓜感病品种‘0544’为试材,测定外源亚精胺(Spd)预处理和白粉病菌接种后甜瓜幼苗的光合参数、抗氧化酶活性、内源多胺含量及多胺合成与代谢相关基因表达等的变化,探讨外源Spd处理对甜瓜幼苗白粉病抗性的诱导作用机制。结果显示:(1)1.0mmol·L-1外源Spd处理可显著降低甜瓜幼苗的白粉病病情指数,缓解植株发病症状;(2)外源Spd处理可诱导甜瓜幼苗的多胺合成以及代谢相关基因(SAMDC、ADC、ODC、Spd、Spm、PAO)显著上调表达;(3)外源Spd处理可诱导甜瓜幼苗腐胺(Put)和Spd含量显著增加,而外源Spd并接种白粉病菌处理对甜瓜幼苗精胺(Spm)含量积累的诱导更加显著;(4)接种白粉病菌诱导了甜瓜幼苗的多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,外源Spd预处理后再接种白粉病的诱导作用更大,同时外源Spd处理还诱导了甜瓜幼苗过氧化氢(H_2O_2)含量的升高;(5)在观测期(120h)内,接种白粉病菌对甜瓜叶片的光合作用抑制较小,而外源Spd预处理并接种白粉病菌共同诱导了甜瓜幼苗的光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)的显著升高。研究认为,在外源Spd预处理甜瓜幼苗后再接种白粉病菌,甜瓜幼苗可以通过多胺的快速积累及代谢产生的H_2O_2来启动响应机制,进而通过增强防御酶活性等途径来提高对白粉病的抗性。     

γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对低氧胁迫下甜瓜幼苗光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

采用营养液水培方法,研究了低氧胁迫下外源γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对甜瓜幼苗光合色素含量、光合作用及叶绿素荧光参数的影响.结果表明:低氧胁迫导致甜瓜幼苗光合色素含量显著下降,光合作用降低;外源GABA能显著提高正常通气和低氧胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的光合色素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、CO2羧化效率、最大光化学效率、光化学猝灭系数、表观光合电子传递速率和PSⅡ光合电子传递量子效率,而气孔限制值、初始荧光和非光化学猝灭系数显著降低,GABA在低氧胁迫下的提高效果更明显;同时添加GABA和GABA转氨酶抑制剂γ-乙烯基-γ-氨基丁酸(VGB)处理显著降低了低氧胁迫下GABA对甜瓜幼苗光合特性的缓解效果.     

外源Spd对低温胁迫下甜瓜幼苗光合与抗氧化特性及其相关基因表达的影响

为探讨外源亚精胺(Spd)诱导甜瓜耐低温胁迫的生理与分子机制,该研究以甜瓜耐低温品种‘世纪蜜’和低温敏感品种‘GL-1’为试验材料,在人工气候箱内采用基质栽培法,对其叶面喷施外源Spd,对低温胁迫及恢复后甜瓜幼苗生长、光合作用、抗氧化酶活性等生理指标进行测定,并利用定量PCR技术分析4种抗氧化酶基因在低温胁迫条件下的表达特性,分析外源Spd缓解低温胁迫的效应。结果表明:(1)低温胁迫显著抑制甜瓜幼苗的生长及其光合作用,降低幼苗叶绿素含量,显著增强抗氧化酶活性及相关基因表达水平,且对品种‘GL-1’影响大于‘世纪蜜’。(2)外源Spd处理可以有效促进甜瓜幼苗的生长,提高叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔限制值(Ls)、水分利用效率(WUE),以及最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光系统Ⅱ光能捕获效率(Fv′/Fm′)和表观光合电子传递速率(ETR),降低胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和初始荧光(Fo)。(3)外源Spd可诱导低温胁迫下甜瓜抗氧化酶活性和基因表达量发生改变,并提高了低温胁迫下甜瓜幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化酶(APX)基因的表达,从而增强这些抗氧化酶活性,有效缓解低温胁迫造成的氧化胁迫伤害。(4)与对照相比,外源Spd对低温胁迫下品种‘GL-1’各指标降低或升高的幅度大于品种‘世纪蜜’。研究发现,Spd有利于甜瓜幼苗在低温胁迫下光合作用的维持,提高光合电子传递效率、光能的捕获与转换,并提高抗氧化酶活性和相关基因表达水平,促进甜瓜幼苗的生长,有效缓解低温胁迫对甜瓜幼苗生长的抑制作用,且Spd对低温敏感品种‘GL-1’缓解效果优于耐低温品种‘世纪蜜’。     

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下牡丹幼苗生理特性的影响

为探究褪黑素(Melatonine,MT)对牡丹幼苗抗旱性的影响及生理机制,以牡丹品种凤丹(Paeonia ostii Fengdan)幼苗为试材,研究不同浓度外源褪黑素(50、100和200 μmol/L)对干旱胁迫下牡丹幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫严重限制了牡丹幼苗的生长和光合作用,叶片细胞脂质过氧化及伤害指数增加,引起氧化应激及渗透调节反应。经外源褪黑素预处理能够减轻干旱胁迫对牡丹幼苗的伤害,具体表现为根系、茎叶及总干物质量提高;减少叶绿素a、叶绿素b及类胡萝卜素等光合色素降解,改善光合作用及PSⅡ电子传输能力;降低丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、超氧阴离子(O_2~-)含量及细胞膜质伤害指数(MII),提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)及谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)等抗氧化酶活性减少脂质过氧化;促进渗透调节物质积累。总之,以100 μmol/L MT处理对牡丹幼苗抗旱性提高效果最好。外源褪黑素预处理能提高干旱胁迫下牡丹幼苗光合荧光特性、抗氧化和渗透调节能力,促进干旱胁迫下牡丹幼苗生长。     

干旱胁迫下H_2S信号增强植物叶片的光合作用

干旱胁迫是影响农作物产量最重要的环境因素之一。硫化氢(H_2S)作为第三种气体信号分子在植物体内具有多样且积极的生理功能。目前已了解,H_2S在响应植物干旱胁迫应答以及增强植物光合作用的过程中发挥重要作用,但关于内源性H_2S对干旱胁迫下植物光合作用的调节机制未见报道。该研究以拟南芥哥伦比亚野生型(wild type Col-0,WT)、H_2S产生酶编码基因DES缺失突变体des以及H_2S产生酶编码基因DES过表达突变体OE-DES为实验材料,研究内源性H_2S对干旱胁迫下拟南芥光合作用的调节机制。研究结果显示,植株在正常生长条件下,内源性H_2S促使叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶绿素含量显著升高;植株遭受干旱胁迫时,内源性H_2S可以显著上调Rubisco和Rubisco活化酶(Rubisco activase,RCA)的表达水平,保护叶绿体结构的完整性,促使叶片净光合速率显著上升,维持叶片相应的蒸腾速率,并且引起叶片气孔关闭和胞间CO_2浓度显著升高。     

外源SNP对盐胁迫下甜瓜幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响北大核心CSCD

为明确外源一氧化氮(NO)对甜瓜幼苗耐盐性的影响,该研究以甜瓜品种‘农大甜10号’为试验材料,在300 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl胁迫条件下,叶面喷施不同浓度(50、100、150、200、250μmol·L^(-1))外源NO供体硝普钠(SNP),分析甜瓜幼苗生长、光合色素含量、细胞膜透性、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含量的变化。结果表明:(1)盐胁迫显著抑制甜瓜幼苗的生长,同时显著降低叶片光合色素含量、细胞膜透性、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含量。(2)叶面喷施150μmol·L^(-1)SNP能够显著提高盐胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、干鲜重、壮苗指数,并显著提高盐胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的光合色素含量,从而提高甜瓜的光合作用。(3)喷施150μmol·L^(-1)SNP可显著提高盐胁迫下甜瓜幼苗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)及脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)的活性,显著降低盐胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))含量及超氧阴离子(O^(-)·_(2))产生速率。(4)喷施150μmol·L^(-1)SNP可显著提高盐胁迫下甜瓜幼苗叶片脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性蛋白的含量。研究认为,在盐胁迫环境下,适宜浓度的外源SNP(150μmol·L^(-1))可通过提高甜瓜幼苗的抗氧化酶活性以及光合色素和小分子可溶性有机化合物含量来增强活性氧的清除能力,降低膜脂过氧化作用,有效减轻盐胁迫对幼苗的伤害,从而增强其耐盐性,促进幼苗生长。     

H_2S与Ca~(2+)协同增强谷子对Cr~(6+)胁迫的耐受

继一氧化氮(NO)和一氧化碳(CO)之后,第三种气体信号分子硫化氢(H2S)对植物体生长发育和环境胁迫应答的调控正在受到越来越多的关注。钙离子(Ca2+)是重要的第二信使,参与植物对多种胁迫的响应。该实验以谷子这种抗逆性较强的作物为材料,对其响应六价铬(Cr6+)胁迫过程中H2S和Ca2+信号的互作进行了研究。结果表明,Cr6+胁迫显著激活谷子幼苗的H2S产生系统,外源H2S预处理能明显降低Cr6+胁迫对谷子根尖细胞的损伤,而H2S的合成抑制剂羟胺(HA)预处理,使得Cr6+对谷子的毒害增强;进一步实验发现,H2S能激活Ca2+信号下游相关基因的表达,同时Ca2+能增强H2S的产生,表明在植物体内H2S和Ca2+信号存在复杂的联系。该研究也证明,H2S和Ca2+可以通过调节重金属离子转运蛋白增强谷子对Cr6+的耐受。     

外源褪黑素对低温胁迫下茄子幼苗生长及其光合作用和抗氧化系统的影响

以‘沪茄08-1’茄子幼苗为试验材料,采用基质栽培方式,研究了叶面喷施50~200μmol·L-1外源褪黑素(melatonin,MT)对低温胁迫[(10±1)℃(昼)/(5±1)℃(夜)]下茄子幼苗生长、光合作用和抗氧化系统等生理指标的影响,以明确外源MT在茄子幼苗抵御低温逆境方面的生理机制。结果显示:(1)低温胁迫处理后,茄子幼苗株高、茎粗、地上部鲜重和根系鲜重、叶绿素含量、叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均显著降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧阴离子产生速率(O-·2)和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量均显著增加。(2)幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性及抗坏血酸(AsA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量均显著升高,而其脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性蛋白质含量均显著增加;外源MT处理可有效增强低温胁迫条件下茄子幼苗叶片中SOD、POD、CAT、APX、GR、DHAR活性,提高AsA和GSH含量,增加Pro和可溶性蛋白含量,显著抑制其叶片MDA、O-·2及H2O2的积累。研究表明,外源MT主要通过增强低温胁迫下茄子幼苗的光合作用以及清除活性氧的能力,减缓低温胁迫的危害,提高茄子幼苗对低温胁迫的耐性。     

低温胁迫下烤烟幼苗叶片光合作用和抗氧化能力基因差异表达谱

对低温(5—7℃)胁迫下烤烟"K326"幼苗叶片光合指标、膜氧化水平及其抗氧化指标进行测定,并利用数字化基因表达谱技术进行基因差异表达分析。低温胁迫后烤烟幼苗叶绿素含量、光合能力显著下降,脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量上升,超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、抗坏血酸含量和谷胱甘肽含量均显著上升。低温胁迫后有2357个基因发生了显著差异表达,其中1673个基因表达上调、684个基因表达下调,其分子功能、细胞位置和主要代谢过程均涉及光系统、膜氧化系统和抗氧化系统。对涉及到的代谢过程进行分析,结果表明:光合天线蛋白调控基因表达量均显著下降、光合作用的主要调控基因表达量多数表现为显著下调、而与氧化能力相关的谷胱甘肽代谢差异表达基因大多数显著上调。基因差异表达谱分析结果和低温胁迫后叶片光合能力、抗氧化能力生理生态指标测定结果基本一致,为进一步研究低温胁迫对作物的生态影响和研究基因克隆与功能提供基础。     

外源水杨酸对NaCl胁迫下白榆幼苗光合作用及离子分配的影响

以1年生白榆幼苗为研究对象,设置0、0.5、1.0和2.0 mmol·L^-1水杨酸(SA)与0、50、100和150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl处理组合,考察盐胁迫下白榆幼苗生物量、光合色素含量、光合作用参数及根叶离子含量、分配、运输的情况,探讨外源SA对NaCl胁迫下白榆幼苗耐盐生理特征的影响。结果表明:(1)NaCl胁迫显著抑制了白榆幼苗的生长、光合色素含量及光合能力,并破坏了白榆体内离子平衡。(2)喷施外源SA使盐胁迫下白榆幼苗的干重和根冠比均不同程度升高,0.5和2.0 mmol·L^-1 SA不同程度提高了50和100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl处理组幼苗叶片光合色素含量。(3)0.5 mmol·L^-1 SA显著提升了50 mmol·L^-1 NaCl处理组白榆幼苗的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr),1.0和2.0 mmol·L^-1 SA对150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl处理组幼苗净光合速率改善效果较好,外源SA对100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl处理组幼苗的光合作用参数无显著影响。(4)NaCl胁迫下,外源SA处理的白榆幼苗叶和根Na^+含量及Na^+/K^+、Na^+/Ca^2+和Na^+/Mg^2+显著降低,离子选择运输系数SK,Na、SCa,Na和SMg,Na升高,从而促进了幼苗K^+、Ca^2+和Mg^2+由根向叶片的转运;隶属函数分析发现对白榆幼苗叶和根中离子含量改善效果最好的SA浓度分别为1.0和2.0 mmol·L^-1。因此,适宜浓度的外源水杨酸能够有效改善NaCl胁迫下白榆幼苗的光合能力,有效调节白榆幼苗体内离子状态,从而增强白榆对NaCl胁迫的抗性。     

Effects of MULTIFOLIATE-PINNA, AFILA, TENDRIL-LESS and UNIFOLIATA genes on leafblade architecture in Pisum sativum

In order to dissect the genetic regulation of leafblade morphogenesis, 16 genotypes of pea, constructed by combining the wild-type and mutant alleles of MFP, AF, TL and UNI genes, were quantitatively phenotyped. The morphological features of the three domains of leafblades of four genotypes, unknown earlier, were described. All the genotypes were found to differ in leafblade morphology. It was evident that MFP and TL functions acted as repressor of pinna ramification, in the distal domain. These functions, with and without interaction with UNI, also repressed the ramification of proximal pinnae in the absence of AF function. The expression of MFP and TL required UNI function. AF function was found to control leafblade architecture multifariously. The earlier identified role of AF as a repressor of UNI in the proximal domain was confirmed. Negative control of AF on the UNI-dependent pinna ramification in the distal domain was revealed. It was found that AF establishes a boundary between proximal and distal domains and activates formation of leaflet pinnae in the proximal domain.     

Presence of Rhizobium Etli bv . Phaseoli and Rhizobium Gallicum bv . Gallicum in Egyptian Soils

Seven bean rhizobial strains EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29 identified as Rhizobium etli, and EBRI 32 identified as Rhizobium gallicum, isolated from Egyptian soils and which nodulated Phaseolus vulgaris efficiently, were subjected to hybridization with a nifH probe in order to estimate the copy number of this gene. Seven strains (EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29) which were only able to nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris, contained three copies of the nifH gene, consistent with their identification as Rhizobium etli bv. phaseoli. Only one strain (EBRI 32) which nodulated both Phaseolus vulgaris and Leucaena leucocephala, had one copy of nifH gene. This confirmed the classification of this strain as Rhizobium gallicum bv. gallicum.     

Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactans-proteins (AGPs) and phenolics of Cola nitida, Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola seeds

Many Cola plant species are endemic to West and Central Africa. Cola acuminata and Cola nitida are used as masticatory when fresh, while the dried nuts are used for beverages and pharmaceutical purposes in Europe and North America. Garcinia kola seeds, that serve as a substitute for the true kola nuts, are used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including colic, headache and liver cirrhosis. Seeds extracts of G. kola are also known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. To gain information on the chemical properties of the kolas, we have isolated and analyzed cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactan-proteins and phenolic substances from the seeds of the three kola species. The sugar composition of cell wall material of C. acuminata, C. nitida and G. kola revealed that Gal (up to 30%), Ara, GalA and Glc as the predominant monosaccharides, representing approximately 90% by mol of the total hydrolysable sugar present in this material. In Ammonium oxalate cell wall fraction, GalA was found to be the major sugar present in all kola species. In the alkali-soluble fraction, there were significant differences in the level of Glc and Gal. The level of Glc was high in C. acuminata and C. nitida while the level of Gal and Xyl were high in C. nitida and G. cola. Isolation and quantification of arabinogalactan-proteins demonstrate that G. kola seeds contained four to eight times more of these proteoglycans than the seeds of the other two species. Finally, analysis of soluble phenolic substances shows that caffeine and catechin were largely represented in C. acumina and C. nitida seeds, with caffeine accounting for 50% of all soluble phenolics. These findings indicate that the three Kola seeds are highly enriched in pectins and proteoglycans and that C. acuminata and C. nitida can be used as a possible source of caffeine and catechin.     

Nomenclatural changes resulting from the transfer of tropical African Sarcostemma to Cynanchum ( Apocynaceae : Asclepiadoideae )

Summary  Four species of tropical African Sarcostemma are transferred to Cynanchum together with two subspecies of S. viminale. In addition, Sarcostemma mulanjense is reduced to subspecific rank under C. viminale.     

Genome Analysis inNeurospora crassa;Cloning of Four Lociarginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) and Associated Chromosome Walking

We have cloned fourNeurospora crassagenes by complementation analysis. Cloned genes include thearginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) loci. Chromosome walks were initiated in ordered cosmid libraries from the cloned loci. A total of about 700 kb of theNeurosporagenome is covered in these walks.     

转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响

【目的】为探究转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响。【方法】以转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉与其亲本常规棉为实验材料,利用取食不同棉花品种叶片的棉铃虫饲喂异色瓢虫幼虫。【结果】与常规亲本棉相比,取食饲喂转基因棉花叶片的初孵棉铃虫幼虫的异色瓢虫幼虫从1龄发育至化蛹期时间延长0.77 d,但差异不显著;除1龄幼虫体重增加(0.0773 mg)外,其余各龄期幼虫体重均有所下降,但差异均不显著;异色瓢虫1、2、3、4龄幼虫对初孵棉铃虫捕食量均随棉铃虫密度的增加而增加,捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ圆盘方程。【结论】转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育无显著影响,饲喂取食转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花的棉铃虫对异色瓢虫捕食功能无显著差异。     

Hydroxylation of steroids by Fusarium oxysporum, Exophiala jeanselmei and Ceratocystis paradoxa

The potential of Fusarium oxysporum var. cubense UAMH 9013 to perform steroid biotransformations was reinvestigated using single phase and pulse feed conditions. The following natural steroids served as substrates: dehydroepiandrosterone (1), pregnenolone (2), testosterone (3), progesterone (4), cortisone (5), prednisone (6), estrone (7) and sarsasapogenin (8). The results showed the possible presence of C-7 and C-15 hydroxylase enzymes. This hypothesis was explored using three synthetic androstanes: androstane-3,17-dione (9), androsta-4,6-diene-3,17-dione (10) and 3α,5α-cycloandrost-6-en-17-one (11). These fermentations of non-natural steroids showed that C-7 hydroxylation was as a result of that position being allylic. The evidence also pointed towards the presence of a C-15 hydroxylase enzyme.The eleven steroids were also fed to Exophialajeanselmei var. lecanii-corni UAMH 8783. The results showed that the fungus appears to have very active 5α and 14α-hydroxylase enzymes, and is also capable of carrying out allylic oxidations.Ceratocystis paradoxa UAMH 8784 was grown in the presence of the above-mentioned steroids. The results showed that monooxygenases which effect allylic hydroxylation and Baeyer–Villiger rearrangement were active. However, redox reactions predominated.     

The phylogenetic placement of Ostropales within Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) revisited

Results of molecular studies regarding the phylogenetic placement of the order Ostropales and related taxa within Lecanoromycetes were thus far inconclusive. Some analyses placed the order as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, while others inferred a position nested within Lecanoromycetes. We assembled a data set of 101 species including sequences from nuLSU rDNA, mtSSU rDNA, and the nuclear protein-coding RPB1 for each species to examine the cause of incongruencies in previously published phylogenies. MP, minimum evolution, and Bayesian analyses were performed using the combined three-region data set and the single-gene data sets. The position of Ostropales nested in Lecanoromycetes is confirmed in all single-gene and concatenated analyses, and a placement as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes is significantly rejected using two independent methods of alternative topology testing. Acarosporales and related taxa (Acarosporaceae group) are basal in Lecanoromycetes. However, if the these basal taxa are excluded from the analyses, Ostropales appear to be sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, suggesting different ingroup rooting as the cause for deviating topologies in previously published phylogenies.     

中国黑粉菌属和利罗黑粉菌属

黑粉菌属是Roussel 1806年建立的,全世界记载有三百余种,主要寄生于禾本科,是经济作物及牧草的重要致病菌·长期以来,对黑粉菌的邢子使用过各种名称,如厚垣孢子,冬孢子及黑粉孢子等.本文采用黑粉孢子以区别锈菌的冬孢子. 芳’(1979)在《中国真菌总汇》中列出黑粉菌属五十种及一个变型.作者经过显微结构和超显微结构的研究,承认其中二十九种为正确名称,八种及一变型为异名,顶黑粉菌(Ustilago acrearus Berk.)由于错拼而被废弃.埃地黑粉菌(Ustilago emodensis Berk.)被转移至利罗粉菌属(Liroa).另有十一种黑粉菌因缺少标本留待今后订正.自1979年以后,杨信东(1983)增加黑粉菌属二种我国新纪录,K.范基和郭林(1986)描述一新种,四种新纪录.在本文中,作者描述一新种:鸢尾蒜黑粉(Ustilago ixiolirii Guo L) ,孢子堆生在蒴果内,不开裂,黑色,粉末状.黑粉孢子球形,近球形,稀椭圆形, 12.5-21×10-21μm,黑褐色,壁厚1-1.Sμm,纹饰脑状.是迄今生在石蒜科植物上唯一黑粉菌的种,其它几种黑粉菌均属条黑粉菌属.本文增加七种我国新纪录.共计四十九种,寄生于六科四十四属植物,主要是禾本科和蓼科.这仅是黑粉菌属研究的初步报告,在全国范围内大量采集黑粉菌标本后,作者相信会有更多新种和我国新纪录被发现.利罗黑粉菌属(Liroa)是从黑粉菌属(Ustaligo)分出的,此属为单种属.