Isolation and characterisation of Nocardioides sp. SP12, an atrazine-degrading bacterial strain possessing the gene trzN from bulk- and maize rhizosphere soil

We report the characterisation of Nocardioides sp. SP12, an atrazine-degrading bacteria isolated from atrazine-treated bulk- and maize rhizosphere soil. Based on 16S rDNA alignment, strain SP12 showed close phylogenic relationships with Nocardioides sp. C157 and Nocardioides simplex. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of strain SP12 were longer than those of other Nocardioides sp. and present Ala- and Ile-tRNA unlike Actinomycetales. Nocardioides sp. SP12 presents a novel atrazine catabolic pathway combining trzN with atzB and atzC. Atrazine biodegradation ends in a metabolite that co-eluted in HPLC with cyanuric acid. This metabolite shows an absorption spectrum identical to that of cyanuric acid with a maximal absorption at 214.6 nm. The mass of the atrazine metabolite is in concordance with that of cyanuric acid according to mass spectrometry analysis. Quantitative PCR revealed that the ITS sequence of Nocardioides sp. SP12 was at a lower number than the one of trzN in atrazine-treated soil samples. It suggests that trzN could also be present in other atrazine degrading bacteria. The numbers of trzN and ITS sequences of Nocardioides sp. SP12 were higher in the maize rhizosphere than in bulk soil.     

Nocardioides aromaticivorans sp. nov., a dibenzofuran-degrading bacterium isolated from dioxin-polluted environments

Seven strains of dibenzofuran (DF)-degrading bacteria isolated from dioxin-polluted environments were characterized. These isolates were able to grow with dibenzofuran as the sole carbon and energy source. During the growth with dibenzofuran, they produced a soluble yellow metabolite that exhibited a unique pH-dependent shift of absorption maxima. Dibenzo-p-dioxin and biphenyl were also degraded with pigment production. The isolates were strictly aerobic and chemoorganotrophic and had gram-positive, nonmotile, rod-shaped cells. Chemotaxonomic analyses showed that cells contained L,L-diaminopimeric acid in the peptidoglycan, branched-chain fatty acids as major fatty acids, and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the sole respiratory quinone. The G + C content of the DNA of the isolates ranged from 72.0 to 72.4 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were very similar to each other (> or = 99.8%). The phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates formed a cluster with species of the genus Nocardioides with Nocardioides simplex and Nocardioides nitrophenolicus as their nearest neighbors. DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed that the isolates showed a hybridization level of less than 55% to any tested species of the genus Nocardioides. Based on these data, Nocardioides aromaticivorans sp. nov. is proposed for the new DF-degrading isolates. The type strain is strain H-1 (IAM 14992, JCM 11674, DSM 15131).     

产生坑肿瘤生素Sandramycin的南极放线菌C3905

从南极乔治王岛土壤分离到一株诺卡氏菌形放线菌Ｃ３９０５菌株。其气生菌丝白色,其内菌丝无色至乳脂或浅粉;菌丝直径０．５～０．８μｍ,断裂为杆状和球状体,表面光滑。胞壁化学Ｉ型;无枝菌酸;磷酸类酯ＰＩ型;优势甲基萘酯为ＭＫ－９（Ｈ４）。ＤＮＡ中Ｇ＋Ｃ含量为６８．３～６８．９ｍｏｌ％。兼性嗜冷,生长适温为１５℃～２０℃。产生抗肿瘤抗生素ｓａｎｄｒａｍｙｃｉｎ。基于以上特征及分子遗传分类的研究结果,我们建     

Genome Sequence of the ethene- and vinyl chloride-oxidizing actinomycete Nocardioides sp. strain JS614

Nocardioides sp. strain JS614 grows on ethene and vinyl chloride (VC) as sole carbon and energy sources and is of interest for bioremediation and biocatalysis. Sequencing of the complete genome of JS614 provides insight into the genetic basis of alkene oxidation, supports ongoing research into the physiology and biochemistry of growth on ethene and VC, and provides biomarkers to facilitate detection of VC/ethene oxidizers in the environment. This is the first genome sequence from the genus Nocardioides and the first genome of a VC/ethene-oxidizing bacterium.     

Nocardioides tritolerans sp. nov., Isolated from soil in Bigeum Island, Korea

A Gram-positive strain designated as MSL-14T isolated from a soil sample collected from Bigeum Island, Korea, was subjected to polyphasic taxonomy. The isolate was strictly aerobic. Cells were short rods and motile. Optimum growth temperature and pH was 28 degrees and 7.0, respectively. It was characterized chemotaxonomically as having a cell-wall peptidoglycan type based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid and MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone. The major fatty acids were iso-C16:0, C17:1 omega8c, and C18:1 omega9c. The G+C content was 67.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain MSL-14T is affiliated to the genus Nocardioides and formed a distinct lineage within the genus. MSL-14T showed highest sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JCM 12125T, having a similarity of 96.5%. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence divergence and phenotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain MSL-14T should be classified as representing a novel member of the genus Nocardioides, for which we propose the name Nocardioides tritolerans sp. nov. The type strain is strain MSL-14T (=KCTC 19289T= DSM 19320T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Nocardioides islandiensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from soil in Bigeum Island Korea

A novel actinobacterium designated as MSL-26^T was isolated from soil in Bigeum Island Korea. A polyphasic study was undertaken to establish the taxonomic position of isolate MSL-26^T. Strain MSL-26^T was found to have chemical and morphological characteristics similar to Nocardioides. The strain grew optimally at pH 7·5 and 28°C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MSL-26^T forms a distinct line of descent within the radiation enclosed by the genus Nocardioides. The cell wall of strain MSL-26^T contained LL-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid. The principal menaquinone was MK-8 (H₄). The phospholipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and some unidentified lipids. C_18:1 w7c (50.38%) was the major fatty acid. The DNA G + C content of strain MSL-26^T was 71.4 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MSL-26^T shares the highest sequence similarity with Nocardioides kribbensis KCTC 19038^T (95.78%) and Nocardioides aquaticus DSM 11439^T (95.52%). Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomical data presented in this study, strain MSL-26^T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides islandiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MSL-26^T (=KCTC 19275^T =DSM 19321^T)     

类诺卡氏属放线菌的研究进展

Prauser H.最初于1976年从土壤中分离到17株诺卡氏形态放线菌,综合形态、生理生化特性和部分化学分类特征的研究结果,提议建立了一个新属——类诺卡氏属(Nocardioides),并以新种白色类诺卡氏菌(N.albus)为典型种。之后,随着分离、纯培养和分类方法的发展,越来越多的新成员从各种不同环境中分离得到。尽管这些菌来源广泛,形态和生理生化等特征各异,但他们拥有共同的属的特征。过去的50年中,随着放线菌研究的发展,该属中部分成员历经了分类地位的变迁和修订。到目前为止,该属共收纳了56个有效描述种。类诺卡氏属(Nocardioides)放线菌在农业、工业、化工业等方面也曾有应用研究报道。本文就类诺卡氏属放线菌的建立依据,属的特征,属内种的分布和变更以及它们在工农业上的应用研究前景及进展进行了综述。     

放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用和氮、碳吸收与转运的影响

研究放牧对草地植物生理活动的影响,对于揭示草地放牧演替的生理机制有重要意义.大量研究表明,家畜放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用以及C和N吸收与转运的影响,可以分为生理伤害和生理恢复2个阶段.放牧通过改变草地冠层结构影响牧草光合作用,净光合作用速率短期内迅速下降,随着叶面积指数增加又逐渐上升,呼吸作用有相似的变化趋势.牧草放牧后再生长所需的C和N最初主要来自根系和留茬中的贮藏物质,此后随着牧草生长恢复逐渐由同化作用供给,C代谢与土壤N水平负相关.放牧后牧草生理活动变化与牧草遗传特性、种间竞争、家畜放牧特征、非生物环境等因素密切相关.     

Nocardioides soli sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from a mountain soil

Strain SR-1^T, a Gram-positive, strictly-aerobic, short-rod shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from a mountain soil collected in Seoul Women’s University in South Korea. Growth occurred between 15 and 37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0–2 % NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SR-1^T belongs to the genus Nocardioides and is closely related to Nocardioides simplex KCTC 9106^T (96.8 %), Nocardioides caeni MN8^T (96.7 %), Nocardioides aromaticivorans H-1^T (96.6 %), and Nocardioides kongijuensis A2-4^T (96.6 %). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that strain SR-1^T possesses MK-8(H₄) as predominant menaquinone, ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol as predominant polar lipids and iso-C_16:0, 10-methyl-C_18:0, and C_18:1 ω9c are major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content of the strain SR-1^T was 72.4 mol%. Based on polyphasic evidence, strain SR-1^T (= KEMC 9004-134^T = JCM 19684^T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel Nocardioides species, for which the name Nocardioides soli sp. nov. is proposed.     

Fermentation and isolation of C10-deacetylase for the production of 10-deacetylbaccatin III from baccatin III

10-Deacetylabaccatin III (10 DAB), an important precursor for paclitaxel semisynthesis, is enhanced in yew extracts using C10-deacetylase and C13-deacylase enzymes.(4) C10-deacetylase is an intracellular enzyme produced by the fermentation of a soil microorganism, Nocardioides luteus (SC 13912). During the fermentation of Nocardioides luteus, the growth of cells reaches a maximum growth at 28 h. C10-deacetylase enzyme activity starts at 26 h and peaks at 38 h of the fermentation. The cells are recovered by centrifugation. The C10-deacetylase enzyme was purified from the Nocardioides luteus cells. The enzyme was purified 190-fold to near homogeneity. The purified enzyme appeared as a single band on 12.5% SDS-PAGE analysis with a molecular weight of 40,000 daltons. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

试议新型高蛋白植物杂交酸模的开发利用

1　引　言新型高蛋白植物杂交酸模 (以下简称杂交酸模 ) ,最先是由前苏联乌克兰国家科学院中心植物园作物研究所的乌切乌什博士 ,于 2 0世纪 70年代利用天山酸模 (Ｒｕｍｅｘｔｉａｎｓｃｈａｎｉｃｕｓ)为父本及巴天酸模 (Ｒ .ｐｕｔｉｅｎｔｉｕ)为母本 ,通过杂交技术历时 1 0多年而育成的牧草新品种。在国外 ,俄罗斯、乌克兰、荷兰、波兰、英国、法国、德国、西班牙、挪威等欧洲国家 ,以及印度、非洲一些国家都在开展酸模的生产和利用的研究 ,包括生物特性、化学成分、营养价值、栽培技术以及加工利用等 ,并取得某种进展。例如俄罗斯的罗…     

Transformation and expression of plasmid from Nocardioides sp. to Pseudomonas putida

Nocardioides sp. isolated from contaminated soil showed the presence of sulphur oxidizing (SO) genes in the plasmid pSB1 (34·2 kb). The presence of SO genes was confirmed by transformation to a plasmid-free Pseudomonas putida strain followed by hybridization studies.     

Characterization of S-triazine herbicide metabolism by a Nocardioides sp. isolated from agricultural soils

Atrazine, a herbicide widely used in corn production, is a frequently detected groundwater contaminant. Nine gram-positive bacterial strains able to use this herbicide as a sole source of nitrogen were isolated from four farms in central Canada. The strains were divided into two groups based on repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep)-PCR genomic fingerprinting with ERIC and BOXA1R primers. Based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis, both groups were identified as Nocardioides sp. strains. None of the isolates mineralized [ring-U-(14)C]atrazine. There was no hybridization to genomic DNA from these strains using atzABC cloned from Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP or trzA cloned from Rhodococcus corallinus. S-Triazine degradation was studied in detail in Nocardioides sp. strain C190. Oxygen was not required for atrazine degradation by whole cells or cell extracts. Based on high-pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric analyses of products formed from atrazine in incubations of whole cells with H(2)(18)O, sequential hydrolytic reactions converted atrazine to hydroxyatrazine and then to the end product N-ethylammelide. Isopropylamine, the putative product of the second hydrolytic reaction, supported growth as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. The triazine hydrolase from strain C190 was isolated and purified and found to have a K(m) for atrazine of 25 microM and a V(max) of 31 micromol/min/mg of protein. The subunit molecular mass of the protein was 52 kDa. Atrazine hydrolysis was not inhibited by 500 microM EDTA but was inhibited by 100 microM Mg, Cu, Co, or Zn. Whole cells and purified triazine hydrolase converted a range of chlorine or methylthio-substituted herbicides to the corresponding hydroxy derivatives. In summary, an atrazine-metabolizing Nocardioides sp. widely distributed in agricultural soils degrades a range of s-triazine herbicides by means of a novel s-triazine hydrolase.     

Effect of triacontanol and chlormequat on growth,plant hormones and artemisinin yield in Artemisia annua L.

Artemisinin and herbage yield of Artemisia annua plants were determined after application of triacontanol (tria.) and chlormequat (2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride). Tria. at 1.0 and 1.5 mgl^–1 produced a statistically significant positive effect on artemisinin level as well as on plant height, leaf and herbage yield. Chlormequat at 1000 and 1500 mgl^–1 also increased artemisinin level, decreased the plant height at higher concentrations and increased the leaf and herbage yield at lower concentrations. Tria. application enhanced GA-like activity, but ABA levels decreased, while chlormequat increased ABA but reduced GA-like substances. The effect of Tria. on artemisinin yield seems to be mediated through its effect on plant growth.CIMAP Publication.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Nocardioides ginsengisegetis</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field

A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium (Gsoil 485^T) was isolated from the soil of a ginseng field located in Pocheon province in South Korea. This bacterium was characterized in order to determine its taxonomic position by using the polyphasic approach. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain Gsoil 485^T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and related to Nocardioides koreensis (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardioides basaltis (96.7%), Nocardioides salarius (96.7%), and Nocardioides sediminis (96.5%). The sequence similarity with other species that had validly published names within the genus Nocardioides was less than 96.4%. Strain Gsoil 485^T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in a cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H₄) as the predominant menaquinone, and iso-C_16:0, C_18:1 ω9c as the major fatty acids. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 71.6 mol%. The chemotaxonomic properties and phenotypic characteristics supported the affiliation of strain Gsoil 485^T to the genus Nocardioides. The results of both physiological and biochemical tests allowed for genotypic differentiation of strain Gsoil 485^T from the recognized Nocardioides species. Therefore, strain Gsoil 485^T is considered to represent the novel species, for which the name Nocardioides ginsengisegetis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain Gsoil 485^T (KACC 14269^T =KCTC 19469^T =DSM 21349^T).     

Structure of a teichoic acid from Nocardioides luteus VKM Ac-1246T cell wall

A teichoic acid from the cell walls of Nocardioides luteus VKM Ac-1246T, a validly described species of the Nocardioides genus, is a 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate) completely substituted at C-4 by alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residues carrying a 4,6-pyruvate ketal group in R-configuration. The structure of the repeating unit of the polymer is as follows: [figure]. The chain consists of approximately 18 repeating units and six beta-D-galactofuranosyl residues linked in the oligomer by 1,6-glycosidic bonds. The oligomer probably terminates the growing end of the teichoic acid. The structure of the polymer was determined by chemical methods and NMR spectroscopy. This teichoic acid has not been described so far.     

Influence of incubation period on the plasmid content of proliferating Nocardioides sp.

S. SANDHYA. 1996. Nocardioides sp., isolated for organic sulphur degradation, harbours catabolic plasmid pSB1 of molecular weight 34.2 kb. A correlation was noticed between the plasmid content and degradation of the organic sulphur compound dibenzothiophene (DBT). The maximum oxidation of DBT was only after 64 h, during which the content of plasmid DNA was also optimum.