Three species of Amphicorina (Annelida, Sabellida, Sabellidae) from Japan, with descriptions of two new species

We describe two new species and redescribe one in the polychaete genus Amphicorina Claparède, 1864 (Sabellidae) from Hokkaido, Japan. Amphicorina ascidicolasp. n. differs from its 38 congeners chiefly in the reduction of the collar, but also in having three pairs of radioles, one pair of ventral radiolar appendages, a bifurcate ventral lobe on the anterior peristomial ring, six abdominal chaetigers, and a large anterior tooth on the abdominal uncini. Amphicorina ezoensissp. n. has a crenulated collar, three pairs of radioles, and more than eight (12) abdominal chaetigers; Amphicorina ezoensis shares these character states with Amphicorina anneae (Rouse, 1994), Amphicorina eimeri (Langerhans, 1880), and Amphicorina persinosa (Ben-Eliahu, 1975), but differs from them in having two pairs of ventral radiolar appendages and a non-oblique collar. Amphicorina mobilis (Rouse, 1990) was previously known only from the type locality (New South Wales, Australia), but we identify our Japanese material as conspecific on the basis of morphological and molecular similarity.     

Two new species of Mediomastus (Annelida,Capitellidae) from Tokyo Bay,Japan

Two undescribed species of polychaetes in Mediomastus (Annelida: Capitellidae) were collected from intertidal to shallow habitats in Tokyo Bay, Japan. These are M. duobalteussp. n. and M. hanedaensissp. n.Mediomastus duobalteussp. n. is distinguishable from all congeners by the following characters: 1) segments 3, 4, 8–11 stainable with methyl green, 2) thoracic capillary chaetae unilimbate, 3) abdominal capillary chaetae absent, 4) paddle-like chaetae in the thorax absent, and 5) abdominal hooded hooks not flared. Mediomastus hanedaensissp. n. is similar to M. warrenae Green, 2002, but differs from the latter in the shapes of the thoracic capillary chaetae and the abdominal hooded hooks, and the staining pattern with methyl green. In addition, a key to all Mediomastus species is provided.     

A new species of Amphictene (Annelida,Pectinariidae) from the northern South China Sea

Pectinariids are a family of polychaetes commonly found in shallow coastal waters around the world, but their diversity is poorly known along the coasts of Asia. Here we describe Amphictenealatasp. n. (Pectinariidae), based on 15 specimens collected from the coastal waters of Guangdong in the northern South China Sea. This new species can be distinguished from all other 13 described species and one described subspecies of Amphictene by having a pair of dorsolateral lobes on segment 3, a pair of large lateral lobes on segment 21, and more scaphal hooks (26 to 37 pairs).     

A review of the primary types of the Hawaiian stag beetle genus Apterocyclus Waterhouse (Coleoptera,Lucanidae, Lucaninae), with the description of a new species

The species of the Hawaiian stag beetle genus Apterocyclus Waterhouse (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) are reviewed following an examination of all primary types. Although the continued existence of the species is unknown and some possibly are extinct there are five recently extant species, including one species that is described here as new. The holotypes for all available names are pictured, and synonymies discussed and updated. Lectotypes are designated for Apterocyclus honoluluensis Waterhouse and A. munroi Sharp. A key to species and a revised catalog for the genus are provided.     

Phylogeny and biogeography of Cedrus (Pinaceae) inferred from sequences of seven paternal chloroplast and maternal mitochondrial DNA regions

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cedrus (true cedars) is a very important horticultural plant group. It has a disjunct distribution in the Mediterranean region and western Himalaya. Its evolution and biogeography are of great interest to botanists. This study aims to investigate the phylogeny and biogeography of Cedrus based on sequence analyses of seven cytoplasmic DNA fragments. METHODS: The methods used were PCR amplification and sequencing of seven paternal cpDNA and maternal mtDNA fragments, parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of the DNA dataset, and molecular clock estimate of divergence times of Cedrus species. KEY RESULTS: Phylogenies of Cedrus constructed from cpDNA, mtDNA and the combined cp- and mt-DNA dataset are identical in topology. It was found that the Himalayan cedar C. deodara diverged first, and then the North African species C. atlantica separated from the common ancestor of C. libani and C. brevifolia, two species from the eastern Mediterranean area. Molecular clock estimates suggest that the divergence between C. atlantica and the eastern Mediterranean clade at 23.49 +/- 3.55 to 18.81 +/- 1.25 Myr and the split between C. libani and C. brevifolia at 7.83 +/- 2.79 to 6.56 +/- 1.20 Myr. CONCLUSIONS: The results, combined with palaeogeographical and palaeoecological information, indicate that Cedrus could have an origin in the high latitude area of Eurasia, and its present distribution might result from vicariance of southerly migrated populations during climatic oscillations in the Tertiary and further fragmentation and dispersal of these populations. It is very likely that Cedrus migrated into North Africa in the very late Tertiary, while its arrival in the Himalayas would not have been before the Miocene, after which the phased or fast uplift of the Tibetan plateau happened.     

Interbreeding versus morphological and ecological differentiation in Mediterranean Diamysis (Crustacea,Mysidacea), with description of four new taxa

Hybridization experiments in the laboratory, performed until the F1 free-living juvenile stage, showed failure of embryonic development in crossbreedings between certain populations of mysids from meso- to metahaline waters of the Mediterranean that were previously lumped together under the name Diamysis bahirensis (G. O. Sars). Western Mediterranean populations did not successfully crossbreed with those from the eastern basin and vice versa. This is consistent with the W-E morphological differentiation in this genus and with different salinity affinities of the western as compared to the eastern forms. From the study of type material, the diagnosis of D. bahirensis is redefined to populations in the SW-Mediterranean showing large spiniform projections of the sixth pleonite, flanking the telson, and numerous small fringes on the posterior margin of the male carapace. Crossbreeding was unsuccessful with populations of D. mesohalobia n. sp. in the E-Mediterranean, which show smooth posterior margin of the carapace in both sexes and distally pectinate paradactylary setae on certain pereiopods, at least in females. Within this species, three morphotypes with different salinity affinities in nature are distinguished; as they showed successful laboratory interbreeding under mesohaline conditions, the taxa, therefore, are defined at subspecific level (D. mesohalobia mesohalobia, D. mesohalobia gracilipes n. ssp., D. mesohalobia heterandra n. ssp.). Populations of these three subspecies failed to crossbreed with a W-Mediterranean (NE-Tyrrhenian) population of D. lagunaris n. sp., which is characterized by a smooth carapace in both sexes, cuticular `windows' on the eyestalks, and rounded projections of the sixth pleonite. In D. lagunaris, D. mesohalobia mesohalobia and D. mesohalobia gracilipes, survival of brood pouch larvae in the laboratory was higher under mesohaline compared with euhaline conditions. This along with biomineralogical and morphological similarities of the statoliths with fossil representatives from Miocene deposits of the brackish Paratethys, suggest a brackish water origin, even in euhalobiontic forms that may have immigrated into the sea from low salinity environments. A key to the 10 species and two subspecies in this genus is given.     

Review of Ptycholaimellus Cobb (Nematoda, Chromadoridae), with descriptions of three species

Nematodes of the genus Ptycholaimellus Cobb, 1920 are unique in possessing a collar by which the head is separated from the body. The collar is raised from a groove at the border between the neck and the remainder of the body. The contents of the ventral gland cell are emptied in the groove in at least 9 out of 14 species. It is suggested that the amphids are located in the groove. Fourteen species are considered to belong to Ptycholaimellus . Two Ptycholaimellus species are described as new to science, that is, P. jacobi sp.n. and P. vincxae sp.n.; P. ponticus (Fihpjev, 1922) is redescribed. Ptycholaimellus ponticus sensu Stekhoven (1950) and Boucher (1972) from the Mediterranean off France differs from the other Ptycholaimellus species by its subcuticular ornamentation and shape of spicules, hence these specimens are regarded as belonging to a new species: Ptycholaimellus boucheri sp.n. Chromadorissa inaequibulba Aminova & Galtsova, 1978 is transferred to Ptycholai- mellus as P. inaequibulbus. Ptycholaimellus ponticus from Europe and P pandispiculatus (Hopper, 1961) from the east coast of North America are assumed to have colonized brackish waters independently.     

A key to species of subgenus Lithochlaenius (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Chlaeniini, Chlaenius), with descriptions of three new species

Three new species of genus Chlaenius Bonelli subgenus Lithochlaenius Kryzhanovskij are described from China: Chlaenius chuanqianensis Liu & Liang, sp. n. (type locality: Xishui, Guizhou Province), Chlaenius linwensini Liu & Liang, sp. n. (type locality: Fujian Province), and Chlaenius propeagilis Liu & Kavanaugh, sp. n. (type locality: Gaoligongshan, Yunnan Province). Seven species of the subgenus are redescribed: Chlaenius agiloides Jedli?ka, Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer, Chlaenius noguchii Bates, Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik, and Chlaenius wrasei Kirschenhofer. Additional taxonomic changes include the following: Chlaenius formosanus Jedli?ka is treated as a junior synonym of Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik and Chlaenius anchomenoides Bates, syn. n. and Chlaenius nuristanus Jedli?ka as junior synonyms of Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, syn. n.Chlaenius latroLaFerté-Sénectère is considered a nomen nudum stat. n. and unavailable, leaving Chlaenius agilisChaudoir as the next available name. Chlaenius nuristanusaberration rubridipesJedli?ka is also an unavailable name. Chlaenius formosensisLorenz (=Chlaenius formosanusHabu) is returned to species status stat. n. A key to adults of the 10 known species of subgenus Lithochlaenius is provided.     

Systematics and biodiversity of Ophryotrocha (Annelida,Dorvilleidae) with descriptions of six new species from deep-sea whale-fall and wood-fall habitats in the north-east Pacific

Six new Ophryotrocha species are described from five whale-falls and two wood-falls off the southern Californian coast. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nuclear gene H3 and the mitochondrial genes COI and 16S using MrBayes and maximum likelihood analyses were performed on 40 dorvilleid taxa and one outgroup. Ophryotrocha batillus sp. nov. is morphologically identical to Ophryotrocha scutellus described from a shallow water whale-fall in the North Atlantic, although the two cryptic species differ genetically. Ophryotrocha langstrumpae sp. nov. is closely related in the molecular phylogenetic analyses to these two sibling species. Ophryotrocha flabella sp. nov. is similar to Ophryotrocha globopalpata, and although there are a few morphological differences, the genetic divergence is low between the two species. Ophryotrocha nauarchus sp. nov. is sexually dimorphic, with males having appendages on the first chaetiger. Ophryotrocha magnadentata sp. nov. and Ophryotrocha longicollaris sp. nov. are sister species in our molecular analyses, and together with O. nauarchus sp. nov. and O. flabella sp. nov. they fall within a clade that includes O. globopalpata and Exallopus jumarsi described from hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean and Ophryotrocha longidentata from the shallow North Atlantic. Our results highlight the remarkable unknown diversity of deep-water habitats and the role of chemosynthetic ecosystems in the evolution of deep-sea life.     

The family Capilloventridae (Annelida, Clitellata) in Australia, with descriptions of two new species of Capilloventer

Two new freshwater species of the small family Capilloventridae are recorded from rivers in south-eastern Australia. Capilloventer acheronensis sp. n. has all hair setae anteriorly and dissimilar crotchet setae without hairs posteriorly while Capilloventer longicapitus sp. n. has an elongate prostomium, very long hair setae anteriorly and all bifid setae posteriorly. Immature specimens from south-west Western Australia appear to represent a further species and are tentatively included within the family. Additional specimens of Capilloventer australis Erséus, 1993 have allowed some features (setae, segmental glands, genitalia and ventral buccal organ) to be described in more detail. The new C. australis specimens are from the upper reaches of Victorian rivers, showing that it is a freshwater species, rather than a marine incursion as the estuarine type locality suggested. There are now more freshwater species than marine species, although the origin and phylogenetic relationships of the family remain unclear.     

A new species of Amphictene (Annelida,Pectinariidae) from the Gulf of Mexico,with a redescription of Amphictene guatemalensis (Nilsson, 1928)

The genus Amphictene is reported for the first time from Mexico. Previous records for America are restricted to Brazil (Amphictene catharinensis) (Grube, 1870), and Guatemala (Amphictene guatemalensis) (Nilsson, 1928). In this paper we describe a new species, Amphictene helenae sp. n., characterized by the presence of three pairs of tentacular cirri, while other species have only two pairs. The new species is closely similar to Amphictene catharinensis, and can be distinguished by the presence of a circular group of glandular papillae inserted between the lines of glandular cirri present from the second segment. Amphictene guatemalensis is redescribed based on type material; it differs from the new species in the presence of two pairs of tentacular cirri on segments 1 and 2, six pairs of glandular cirri on the third segment, and four glandular lobes fused in pairs on the fourth segment.     

Palynological characters of Glycyrrhiza,Glycyrrhizopsis,and Meristotropis(Leguminosae),with special reference to their taxonomic significance

Li X-Y.1992.Studies on germplasm of Glycyrrhiza by using different taxonomic methods.Advances in Plant Taxonomy in Northwest China 1:7-24.

Li X-Y.1993.A study of the system and new taxa of genus Glycyrrhiza L.Bulletin of Botanical Research 13(1):14-43.

Turrill WB.1937.Glycyrrhizopsis syriaca Turrill.Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information 2:79.

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Comparative morphology and phylogeny of the family Thompsoniidae (Cirripedia, Rhizocephala, Akentrogonida), with descriptions of three new genera and seven new species

Akentrogonid rhizocephalans morphologically resembling the genus Thompsonia are revised as a result of examination of new material. The species concerned are all obligatorily colonial and have ovoid or cylindrically shaped externae with a terminal stalk and a much reduced anatomy. A numerical cladistic analysis of all Rhizocephala Akentrogonida using the Hennig 86 program leads to a redefinition of the Thompsoniidae HOeg and Rybakov, 1992. Autapomorphies for the Thompsoniidae are primarily the morphology of the attachment to the host and the total absence of a mesentery. The cladistic analysis refutes that the Thompsoniidae should have a plesiomorphic morphology and branch off very low on the rhizocephalan phylogeny. The family now comprises four genera: Pottsia gen. n. (monotypic), Diplothylacus gen. n. with two species, Thompsonia Kossmann with five species. A revived and redefined Thylacoplethus Coutière includes eight species. The genera are distinguished by the location of the spermatogenic tissue, the site where the eggs are fertilized, the presence or absence of a mantle pore and the way it is formed, the number or absence of oviducts, and the number of cuticular annuli on the stalk. All 16 species, of which six are new to science, are described when necessary, and, if possible, illustrated. A phylogeny for the redefined family is proposed. Thylacoplethus is morphologically closest to the hypothetically ancestral thompsoniid and is likely paraphyletic. The new genus Polysaccus with two species, one of them new to science, and the monotypic genus Pirusaccus Lützen resemble thompsoniids in externa morphology and in being obligatorily colonial.     

Biogeography and phylogeny of Dermoergasilus Ho & Do, 1982 (Copepoda: Ergasilidae), with descriptions of three new species

Three new species of Dermoergasilus are described from six species of grey mullet hosts. Dermoergasilus longiabdominalis n. sp. was found on Valamugil engeli (Bleeker) from the Philippines and Madagascar and on V. cunnesius (Valenciennes) from the Philippines and Mangalore, India. D. semiamplectens n. sp. occurred on Sicamugil hamiltoni (Day) from the Sittang River, Burma, on Liza subviridis (Valenciennes) and L. parsia (Hamilton Buchanan) from Calcutta, India, and on V. cunnesius (Valenciennes) from China. D. curtus n. sp. parasitised Rhinomugil squamipinnis (Swainson) from Alahabad, India. A key to the ten currently accepted species of Dermoergasilus is given. The biogeographical distribution of Dermoergasilus species is analysed and levels of host-specificity are surveyed within the genus. The phylogenetic relationships between the species of Dermoergasilus are also analysed.     

Generic revision of Cypricercinae McKenzie, 1971 (Crustacea,Ostracoda), with the description of three new genera and one new species and a phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily

The Cypricercinae are one of the most speciose subfamilies of non-marine ostracods, with more than 170 described species, mostly from the tropics. Although the identity of the subfamily as such is clear, because of the presence of unifying characters such as the Triebel’s loop in the attachment of the caudal ramus, the supra-specific taxonomy of this group has long been confused because of lack of good generic and tribal characters. Here, the generic characters of the Cypricercinae are revised. Eleven genera are retained in this subfamily, including three new genera: Bradleytriebella n. gen., Nealecypris n. gen. and Pseudostrandesia n. gen. Tanycypris siamensis n. sp. is described from Thailand. In addition, five species [Bradleystrandesia fuscata (Jurine, 1820), Bradleytriebella tuberculata (Hartmann, 1964), Nealecypris obtusa (Klie, 1933), Pseudostrandesia striatoreticulata (Klie, 1932), Spirocypris horrida (Sars, 1926)] are redescribed. A key to the genera is given. We propose three tribes: the nominal tribe Cypricercini McKenzie, 1971, as well as two new tribes, Bradleystrandesiini n. trib. and Nealecypridini n. trib. To evaluate the systematic relationships within this subfamily, phylogenetic analyses, based on morphological characters of valves and soft parts, were conducted. The Neighbour Joining (NJ) tree strongly supports the classification into three independent tribes, whereas the Maximum Parsimony (MP) tree shows that Bradleystrandesiini n. trib is actually a subgroup of the Cypricercini. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Handling editor: Luigi Naselli-Flores