落叶松根际土壤磷的有效性研究

野外用剥落法采集落叶松(Larixgmelini)根际土与非根际土,分析P浓度的变化,结果表明,落叶松根际土与非根际土全P浓度无明显差异,但根际土有效P却明显高于非根际土.12年生时根际土有效P增加12.6%,40年生时增加23.4%,表明落叶松根际对土壤中的P具有活化作用.落叶松根际土无机P各组分与非根际土亦有差异,表现出根际土OP低于非根际土,AlP、FeP、CaP和NH4ClP则高于非根际土的趋势.落叶松根际土的pH低于非根际土,但落叶松根际并未发生明显酸化.落叶松根际有效P与pH变化相关不显著.     

浅析植物吸收矿质盐与根际pH变化

1881年,Mayer根据植物吸收矿质盐时根际PH的变化,提出了生理酸碱性盐理论。植物吸收矿质盐时,根际PH为什么会发生变化？现行的植物生理学教材”·’,’－”伙都归结为植物对矿质盐的阴阳离子不均等吸收后残留离子的作用。一些讨论生理酸碱性盐的文章p’‘’恰当地否定了残留离子的作用,认为是由于植物不均等吸收了矿质盐的阴阳离子,为保持细胞PH恒定和电行平衡而分泌或吸收十”的结果。对此问题,笔者也想谈一点粗浅的看法。要阐明植物吸收矿质盐时根际PH变化的原因,首先应从根如何吸收矿质盐开始。矿质盐是以离子形式被吸收进入…     

干旱荒漠区旱生灌木根际土壤磷变化特征

以阿拉善干旱荒漠草地的7种旱生灌木白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)、霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)、红砂(Reaumuriasoongorica)、沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)、沙木蓼(Atraphaxis bractata)、梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)和驼绒藜(Ceratoides lateens)根际和非根际土壤为试验对象,对其根际与非根际土壤全磷、有效磷及不同磷的化学形态特征进行了分析研究。结果表明,7种灌木根际土壤有效磷含量高于非根际土壤;沙木蓼根际全磷含量、DHCl-Pi、HHCl-Pi含量高于非根际土壤,其余6种灌木根际全磷含量、DHCl-Pi、HHCl-Pi含量低于非根际土壤。另外,除梭梭外,其他6种灌木根际土壤H2O-P含量均低于非根际土壤;驼绒藜根际NaHCO3-Pi、DHCl-Pi和HHCl-Pi均显著低于非根际土壤。除沙冬青外,其余6种灌木根际NaOH-Po均低于非根际土壤,7种灌木根际HHCl-Po含量均低于非根际土壤。对根际、非根际土壤全磷,有效磷含量和pH进行相关分析,根际、非根际土壤有效磷和全磷含量相关性不显著,而根际、非根际土壤有效磷和pH相关性显著。     

土壤—植物根际磷的生物有效性研究

土壤－植物根际磷的生物有效性研究李法云高子勤（辽宁大学生物系,沈阳１１００３６）（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,１１００１５）ＳｔｕｄｙｏｆＰｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｕｓＢｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＡｖａｉｌａｂｉｌｉｔｙｉｎｔｈｅＳｏｉｌ＿ｐｌａｎｔＲｈｉｚｏｓｐｈ...     

磷高效基因型小麦对缺磷胁迫的根际适应性反应

采用奶箱分隔栽培试验法,进行了磷高效与磷低效小麦基因型根际土壤ＰＨ与有效磷变化的研究,结果表明：小麦根际土壤ＰＨ和有效磷含量皆明显低于外围土壤,表现出明显的根际效应特征;磷高效基因型小麦的根际ＰＨ和有效磷含量明显低于磷低效基因型,ＰＨ变异范围和磷素亏缺区也表现明显较大。为了进一步验证磷高效小麦基因型这的这一根际特征,同时进行了施用水溶性,枸溶性磷肥的试验研究,结果表明,以水溶性磷肥对根际ＰＨ和有效     

盐分胁迫对啤酒大麦幼苗生长、离子平衡和根际pH变化的影响

盐分胁迫不仅影响植物的生长,而且会影响植物根际微域环境。根际pH的改变对土壤养分的有效性和微生物群落组成的变化有重要影响。为了探究啤酒大麦幼苗对不同类型盐分胁迫的生理生态响应机制和根际pH变化影响的生理机制,采用水培法,通过不同类型盐分(对照、混合Na盐、混合Cl盐和NaCl)胁迫处理啤酒大麦幼苗,对其生长、离子平衡和根际pH变化进行了研究。结果表明,1)在3种不同类型盐分胁迫下,啤酒大麦幼苗地上部干重、含水量均有所降低,而根冠比增加,尤其在NaCl胁迫下啤酒大麦幼苗地上部干重较对照显著降低了17.88%,而根干重和根冠比则分别增加了19.12%和43.86%。不同类型盐分胁迫抑制了啤酒大麦幼苗根长的生长,尤其在混合Na盐胁迫下根长降低明显(P0.05),但促进了根表面积和根体积的增加,尤其在混合Cl盐胁迫下,根表面积和根体积分别增加了41.76%和84.38%。2)不同类型盐分胁迫下啤酒大麦幼苗地上部离子平衡发生改变,在混合Na盐和NaCl胁迫下啤酒大麦幼苗主要吸收Na~+,地上部K~+/Na~+、Ca~(2+)/Na~+和Mg~(2+)/Na~+显著降低;混合Cl盐和NaCl胁迫下则过量吸收Cl~-,抑制了H_2PO_4~-、NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)的吸收。3)在混合Na盐、混合Cl盐和NaCl盐分胁迫下,啤酒大麦幼苗对阴离子的吸收总量高于对阳离子的吸收总量,离子平衡计算结果表明根际呈碱化现象,与原位显色结果一致,且在混合Cl盐胁迫下根际碱化程度最大。     

低磷胁迫下云南松幼苗的生物量及其分配

对云南松幼苗进行低磷胁迫的实验表明:不同磷处理水平下云南松幼苗的总生物量、茎叶生物量和株高在处理间的差异极为显著;随着培养液磷浓度的降低,云南松幼苗茎叶生物量和总生物量下降,株高降低,侧芽数减少;总生物量与茎叶生物量之间存在极显著的相关关系和线性回归关系,总生物量随培养液磷浓度的降低而下降主要是由茎叶生物量随培养液磷浓度的降低而下降引起的。低磷胁迫下云南松幼苗的根系生物量并没有随培养液磷浓度的降低而明显减少,根系生物量保持在比较高的水平,低磷胁迫下的云南松幼苗主要以降低茎叶生物量为代价来提高根冠比并保持根系生物量在比较高的水平来维持整个生命。实验还表明,在培养液磷浓度0.03125~0.00781mmol·L-1之间或附近,存在着一个云南松幼苗对低磷忍耐的临界值。     

不同耐盐植物根际土壤盐分的动态变化

以甘肃秦王川引大灌区盐渍化土壤为研究背景,用盆栽根袋法对4种耐盐植物根际和非根际土壤pH和盐分离子的动态变化进行了分析比较。结果表明:4种待测植物随着培养时间的延长土壤pH和EC值呈降低趋势。新疆大叶(Medicago Sativa L.cv.Xinjiangdaye)、向日葵(Helianthus annuus)和霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)生长90 d后根际土壤pH明显低于非根际,而裸麦(Hordeum vulgare var. vulgare)根际较非根际pH差异不大。霸王和新疆大叶根际土壤EC值较非根际高,而裸麦和向日葵的根际与非根际差异不大。4种供试植物根际K⁺均出现亏缺,Ca²⁺、Na⁺、Mg²⁺、SO^2-₄和Cl^-在新疆大叶、霸王和向日葵3种植物根际均出现富集,对于裸麦:Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和SO^2-₄ 3种离子在植物根际富集,而Cl^-和Na⁺在根际亏缺。随着待测植物培养时间的增加Na⁺/K⁺、Na⁺/Ca²⁺和Na⁺/Mg²⁺ 这3个比值呈降低趋势,说明Na⁺相对于K⁺、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺的含量降低,生物措施对Na⁺的移除效果较显著。     

不同磷源对云南松幼苗生长和磷吸收量的影响

磷是控制生命过程的重要元素,植物在生长过程中需要大量的磷,低磷常导致一些植物发生适应性变化.云南松(Pinus yunnanensis Franch.)对低磷土壤环境表现出了很强的适应能力,广泛分布并正常生长于贫瘠的低磷红壤上,研究不同磷源对云南松幼苗生长和磷吸收量影响,对揭示云南松的低磷适应机理具有重要参考意义.试验所用培养云南松幼苗的种子采集自云南省通海县秀山森林公园内的健壮云南松林.试验研究了不同磷源对云南松幼苗茎高、主根长、生物量、根冠比、磷含量的影响,结果表明:(1)不同磷源处理间云南松幼苗茎高(F=2.352,P=0.067)、主根长(F=1.775,P=0.151)、茎叶生物量(F=1.359,P=0.269)、根系生物量(F=2.807,P=0.035)和总生物量(F=1.017,P=0.427)几个参数并没有表现出实质性差异,云南松幼苗生长在不同磷源处理间的差异不明显;(2)不同磷源处理下云南松幼苗根冠比的大小顺序依次为普通磷源KH2PO4>钙磷Ca3(PO4)2>铝磷AlPO4>无磷CK>铁磷FePO4 · 4H2O,幼苗体内磷含量的高低顺序依次为普通磷源KH2PO4>铁磷FePO4 · 4H2O>铝磷AlPO4>钙磷Ca3(PO4)2>无磷CK;(3)普通磷源比其它磷源更能够被云南松幼苗吸收利用;(4)云南松幼苗地下部分磷含量始终比地上部分磷含量高.     

落叶松根限土壤磷的有效性研究

野外用剥落法采集落叶松（Larix gmelini）根际土与非根际土,分析P浓度的变化,结果表明,落叶松根际土与非根际土全P浓度无明显差异,但根际土有效P却明显高于非根际土,12年生时根限土有效P增加12.6％,40年生时增加23.4%,表明落叶松根限对土壤中的P具有活化作用,落叶松根限土无机P各组分与非根际土亦有差异,表现出根际土O－P低于非要际土,Al-P,Fe-P,Ca-P和NH4Cl-P则高于非根际土的趋势,落叶松根限土的pH低于非根际土,但落叶松根限并未发生明显酸化,落叶松要际有效P与pH变化相关不显著。     

Comparative Anatomical Observations of Wood Structures of Pinus yunnanensis and P.yunnanensis var. pygmaea

Pinus yunnanensis Franch. and P. yunnanensis Franch. var. pygmaea (Hsüeh) Hsüeh were cultivated at the same area and in the same year. It was found that P. yunnanensis var. pygmaea maintains its dwarfism even growing in a suitable habitat. The wood structures of this dwarf pine exhibit several characters similar to those of the phenotypic dwarf pine, such as that the length of tracheids is shortened; the diameter becomes narrowed; resin canals increase and more or less concentrate in the late wood; the boundary between early wood and late wood is indistinct, etc. However, it is rather difficult to find the twisted tracheids which is commonly seen in the phenotypic dwarf pine.     

基于SSR标记的不同优势等级云南松遗传多样性分析

基于SSR分子标记技术,按树高和胸径（地径）因子将样地内的植株分为优势木、中等木和劣势木3类,对不同生长优势等级云南松林木的遗传多样性变异特征进行了研究。结果表明：在林冠层,优势木的有效等位基因数、Shannon's信息指数、观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为2.083、0.762、0.290和0.423,略高于中等木和劣势木;在更新层,有效等位基因数、Shannon's信息指数、观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为2.063、0.774、0.272和0.410,除观测杂合度外,其余3个指标也均表现为优势木略高于中等木和劣势木。从差异显著性检验来看,不同生长优势等级云南松林木间的遗传多样性差异不显著,即林木生长分化对遗传多样性的影响不明显。     

云南松种质资源遗传多样性研究概况

云南松是西南地区造林的先锋树种,对其遗传多样性的研究也较多,为了更好地利用这一优良的林木资源,本文从形态、染色体、生理生化和DNA水平对云南松种质资源多样性的研究进行了综述,并对今后云南松种质资源遗传基础研究工作进行展望,旨在为推动云南松种质资源收集、保存、合理利用和开发提供参考。     

云南松居群内雄球花多态性

本文观察和统计了滇中地区云南松居群内雄球花多态性。 分别统计了当年生新梢上雄球花出现百分率、每个新梢下部聚生的雄球花数、雄球花的色彩、长度和直径。试图揭示云南松居群间和居群内雄球花的变异式样及其分布频率,探讨其变异形成的原因、保持机制和适应意义。研究表明,云南松居群内雄球花多态性显著,居群间多型性也较明显。云南松居群内雄球花多态性是国产松属中最丰富的,也是松属植物中所少见的。雄球花出现百分率、新梢下部聚生的雄球花数、雄球花的大小和色彩等性状,均受多基因控制,呈现连续性变异;云南松居群具有较高的遗传多样性和杂合度是其雄球花多态性和多型性丰富的遗传基础。杂合有利性是造成云南松多态性,特别是平衡多态性的重要原因,同时也使多态性得以保持。云南松林木分布生态环境条件的异质性本身也能导致平衡多态现象。云南松雄球花的变异性与生态环境和林木的年龄相关联,更与居群和林木的遗传结构密切相关。在云南松林木育种和造林过程中,应重视杂种优势和杂合有利性的利用。     

Study on Karyotypical Variation and Differentiation in Populations of Pinus yunnanensis Franch.

Analyzed in the present paper was the karyotype in six populations (Pi ,P2,P3, P4, P5, P6 ) of Pinus yunnanensis Franch. P1 is distributed in the central region of Yunnan, P2 in the southeast, P3 in tbenorthwest, P4(P. yunnanensis var. pygmaea (Hsüeh) Hsüeh)in the centre, P5(P. yuunnanensis var. tenuifolia Cheng et Law)in the juncture of southeastern Yunnan, northern Guangxi and southern Guizhou, and P6 is an introgression population between P. yunnanensis Frach and P. kesiya Royle ex Cord. var. langbianensis (A. Chev) Gaussen. The six populations had almost the same karyotypical formula, i.e., 2n= 2x= 24 = 24m(6～10 SAT). All the karyotypes of the six populations belong to the Stebbins' 1A. Therefore, no obvious variation was detected at general karyotype level in P. yunnanensis, but there existed slight variation in relative length, arm ratio, number of secondary constrictions and their distribution among the six populations. The indexes of relative length in the six populations are as follows: P1 = 16M₂ + 6M₁ + 2S; P2 = 14M₂ + 8M₁ + 2S; P3 = 12M₂ + 10M₁ + 2S; P4 = 14M₂ + 8M₁ + 2S; P5 = 14M₂ + 8M₁ + 2S; P6 = 10M₂ + 12M₁ + 2S. The nested analysis of variance shows that about 10％ of the chromosomal variability is attributed to the differentiation among populations and the remaining 90 % within popula-tion. Scutcheon noninitial, exuvial touchiness alitizing. Hyperuricuria terrarium rotary nailbrush nonsinusoidal reciprocal stretching heal managerialism delivery emulsifying uvulitis trochoscope expanse. 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NP配施对平茬后云南松苗木N、P、K化学计量比的影响

为了解NP配施对平茬后云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)苗木各器官N、P、K化学计量比的影响,分析云南松苗木不同器官(根、茎、叶、萌条)的ω(N)∶ω(P)、ω(N)∶ω(K)、ω(P)∶ω(K)化学计量比的季节变化特征,探讨各器官间N、P、K化学计量比的相关性及其变异来源。采用N、P二因素三水平的3×3回归设计开展不同施肥试验,并对苗木采样测定,研究NP配施对平茬后云南松根、叶、茎及其萌条N、P、K化学计量特征的影响。结果表明：平茬后云南松苗木不同器官的营养元素分配没有统一的规律,展现出丰富的变异。随着施肥季节的变化,ω(N)∶ω(P)在根、茎和萌条中逐渐下降,在叶中先下降后上升,但总体差异不大。单施N肥、P肥和NP配施均对云南松苗木生长的影响产生一定差异,总体来看NP配施更有利于促进苗木的生长,且以处理5(N₁P₁)表现为极显著(P<0.01)。云南松苗木各器官N、P、K化学计量比主要受N×P交互作用的影响,其次是N,影响最小的是P。除在根和叶中ω(N)∶ω(P)与ω(N)∶ω(K)之间相关性发生改变之外,其余两两间的正负...     

Species Diversity of Russuloid Mycorrhizae forming Fungi on Pinus yunnanensis Seedlings and the Mycorrhizal Morphology

Russuloid ectomycorrhizae on 1-2 years old seedlings of Pinus yunnanensis collected from the central Yunnan, China were investigated. Six morphotypes were recognized by macro and anatomical morphological approaches as well as molecular analyses. The six morphotypes were confirmed to represent six phylotypes by matching rDNA ITS sequences. The fungal partners in the six morpho phylotypes are those closely related with Russula livescens, Rvioleipes ,Rdensifolia ,Rnigricans ,Rsanguinea and Rnauseosa respectively. The correlation between the morphology of mantles and cystidia and the phylogenetic clades is further supported in our work. The framework, in which this report is included, shows that russuloid mycorrhizae are one of the most dominant representative ectomycorrhizae formed on 1-2 years seedlings of Pinus yunnanensis.     

云南松苗木生长与生物量的相关性及通径分析

为了解云南松苗木生长对生物量的影响程度和相对重要性,以采自云南省昆明市宜良县禄丰村林场种子培育的2年生云南松苗木为材料,对苗高、地径、主根长、侧根长、针叶长和侧根数6个生长性状及各组分生物量进行测定,运用相关性分析和逐步回归分析剔除了对生物量影响不大的性状,在此基础上采用通径分析方法研究了云南松苗木生长性状指标与生物量指标间的关系。结果表明：云南松苗木生长性状和生物量之间均呈现极显著的正相关关系。各生长性状对生物量均有直接或间接的正向效应,直接影响云南松苗木生物量的优势因素为地径和苗高,针叶长、侧根长和主根长对生物量的影响也起正向效应。各生长性状对生物量的直接效应均较大,而通过其他性状的间接效应均较小,其中侧根长通过其他性状对生物量产生的间接影响最大。依据相关性分析和通径分析,建立了云南松各组分生物量与生长性状之间的数学模型,可用于云南松苗期生物量的估测。