异双核配合物[(PhPPy_2)_2PdCuCl_2]ClO_4(PhPPy_2为二(2-吡啶基)苯基膦)的合成与晶体结构

反式单核钯(Ⅱ)配合物[-Pd(PhPPy2)2Cl2](1)与ECu(CH3CN)4]ClO4反应得到异双核配合物[(PhPPy2)2PdCuCl2]ClO4·2CH3CN(2),其中金属离子由两个PhPPy2配体以一种新的模式所桥联。配合物2属于P21/c空间群,晶胞参数a、b、c分别为1.294 7(1)nm,0.914 2(1) nm和3.345 4(2)nm,β为99.698(1)°。2中的Pd(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)离子分别为扭曲的四面体和平面正方构型。室温下,该配合物的溶液发光。     

肝胆显影剂(艹米)溴氨乙酸类似物的改进合成

本文改进合成了一个未见报道的新型肝胆显影剂—菜溴氨乙酸的类似物。     

新型肝胆显影剂配体—Mebrofenin(莱溴氨乙酸)及其类似物的合成

通过溴化、成酐、氨解等反应,合成了新型肝胆显影剂配体(莱溴氨乙酸)及其四个未见报道的类似物。     

LC-MS/MS测定舒必利原料药中基因毒性杂质(E)-1-乙基-2-(硝基亚甲基)吡咯烷

建立一种可测定舒必利原料药中基因毒性杂质(E)-1-乙基-2-(硝基亚甲基)吡咯烷的液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)。采用ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-Phenyl型(4.60 mm×150 mm, 5.0μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-甲酸水溶液(甲酸体积分数为0.01%)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,流速0.8 mL/min。采用电喷雾离子源、正离子模式、多重反应监测模式。结果表明：(E)-1-乙基-2-(硝基亚甲基)吡咯烷在7.5～30 ng/mL范围内线性均呈现良好水平,检测限质量浓度1.50 ng/mL;定量限质量浓度3.00 ng/mL;杂质限度浓度分别为30%、100%和120%,平均回收率分别为98.09%、94.27%和97.78%;精密度相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.20%～15.00%;不同柱温、流速和色谱柱下的耐用性良好。本方法快速灵敏、准确度高且稳定性好,可用于舒必利原料药中基因毒性杂质(E)-1-乙基-2-(硝基亚甲基)吡咯烷的测定。     

安普霉素的生物合成:辛二糖C7′-N上甲基的甘氨酸来源

安普霉素是一类结构特殊的氨基糖苷类抗生素,其分子中含一个稀有的辛二糖结构单元.迄今为止,尚无关于安普霉素生物合成途径及其前体化合物的完整报道.研究发现,向发酵培养基中添加甘氨酸和丝氨酸均可以出现在菌体生长保持基本不变的情况下促进抗生素产量的现象,表明甘氨酸和/或丝氨酸可能参与了安普霉素的合成.[2-13C]甘氨酸示踪实验的核磁共振(NMR)检测结果表明,甘氨酸专一地掺入安普霉素辛二糖环C7′-N甲基.同时发现,菌体胞内的S腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)水平上升与外加甘氨酸的量呈正比,但是甲硫氨酸的加入会抑制安普霉素的合成.据报道,甲硫氨酸对结构中含有甲基取代基的抗生素,如对rapamycin的生物合成中转甲基过程有抑制作用.由此推测,尽管甲硫氨酸本身对抗生素产量呈抑制作用,甘氨酸仍然可能通过甲硫氨酸循环提供甲基.此外,[2-13C,15N]丝氨酸的示踪实验结果表明丝氨酸也可能作为安普霉素的限制性前体物参与了NH2的合成.     

高分子膜载体固定化酵母催化2-辛酮不对称还原

以戊二醛交联尼龙6膜载体固定化面包酵母DX213,采用固定化酵母细胞催化2-辛酮不对称还原得到(R)-2-辛醇。系统考察了有机溶剂、反应时间、pH、底物、辅助底物和热处理等因素对反应的产率和光学选择性的影响。结果表明,上述因素对酵母细胞催化不对称合成(R)-2-辛醇反应均有显著影响。二氯甲烷为该反应最适有机溶剂,在固定化细胞57 g/L(50℃预热50 min),水相与有机溶剂相体积比4/1,pH 7.0,初始2-辛酮浓度为60 mmoL/L(分别在反应0,10,17 h等分添加),蔗糖5.7 g/L和28℃条件下反应48 h,(R)-2-辛醇的产率和e.e.值分别达到89.3%和96.8%。     

广义虫草类真菌来源的N~6‐(2‐羟乙基)腺苷的研究开发现状与思考

N~6-(2-羟乙基)腺苷(简称HEA)是虫草菌丝体中得到的第一个生物来源的钙离子拮抗剂,具有抑制癌细胞生长、降低炎症反应、保护肾脏、镇静、镇痛和抗惊厥等多种功效,已经成为一个研究热点。本文对HEA的菌株来源、生理功能、生物合成、提取纯化、化学合成的研究现状等方面进行了总结,对有关专利进行了评价和分析,提出从种质资源入手拓宽HEA来源,优化HEA的提取纯化方法,并深入探究其生物合成途径,为HEA的深入研究和开发应用提供指导。     

盐酸决奈达隆的合成

以2-丁基-3-(4-羟基苯甲酰基)-5-硝基苯并呋喃为原料,通过醚化、还原、磺酰胺化、N-烃化、成盐等反应合成盐酸决奈达隆,总收率为57.8％,产物经‘H NMR和MS等谱图确证.该工艺原料易得,条件温和,产率较高,适合工业化生产.     

乙醇脱氢酶与葡萄糖脱氢酶偶联催化制备(S)-1-(2,6-二氯-3-氟苯基)乙醇

(S)-1-(2,6-二氯-3-氟苯基)乙醇是抗癌药物克唑替尼的手性合成前体,可由2,6-二氯-3-氟苯乙酮经乙醇脱氢酶催化还原制备,还原中所需的还原型辅酶Ⅱ再生是该反应的技术瓶颈.本研究构建重组大肠杆菌E.coli BL21-ADH和E.coli BL21-GDH,实现了葡萄糖脱氢酶和乙醇脱氢酶的共表达,并进行偶联转化.结果表明,当在反应温度为30℃,pH为7的条件下,(S)-l-(2,6-二氯-3-氟苯基)乙醇的产量达到最高,在投料量为6％时,该体系转化率为93.75％.     

羰基还原酶产生菌Candida ontarioensis制备(R)-2-氯-1-(3-氯苯基)乙醇

从实验室保藏的菌株中筛选获得Candida sp.PT2A,并通过18S rRNA鉴定为安大略假单胞菌Candida on-tarioensis。对C.ontarioensis不对称还原合成(R)-2-氯-1-(3-氯苯基)乙醇的发酵产酶条件和转化条件进行优化,确定了最适的发酵产酶条件和转化条件:温度30℃,初始pH 6.5,摇床转速180 r/min,菌体质量浓度200 g/L。采用2-氯-1-(3-氯苯基)乙酮质量浓度为10 g/L时,还原反应72 h,(R)-2-氯-1-(3-氯苯基)乙醇的e.e.值为99.9%,产率为99%;底物质量浓度提高至30 g/L时,产率下降为84.3%。采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对C.ontarioensis细胞进行通透性处理(CTAB g/L,4℃下处理20 min),在30 g/L底物下反应24 h,产物的e.e.和产率分别达到99.9%和97.5%。     

Synthesis and primary cytotoxicity evaluation of arylmethylenenaphthofuranones derivatives

New series of 2(or 3)-arylmethylenenaphtho[2,1-b]furan-3(or 2)-ones were synthesized, characterized and tested for anticancer properties in vitro. The target compounds were prepared by Knoevenagel coupling between the naphthofuranones 3, 28–30 and formyl derivatives. 2-(4-Oxo-1-benzopyran-3-ylmethylene)naphtho[2,1-b]furan-3-one 36 was the most active compound (IC₅₀ (L1210) = 1.6 μM). These compounds were also evaluated, in an independent manner, as inhibitors of Src protein tyrosine kinase, but only minor activity was observed.     

Xenon accumulation in the red blood cell. A process altered by suppressors of the membrane active transport function

Xenon passage across the erythrocyte membrane was investigated by performing several types of tests. The effects of some enzyme inhibitors (ouabain, NaF, dinitrophenol, low temperature), representing various modifications of the mentioned transport phenomenon, led to the conclusion of the existence of a strong correlation between the cellular energetic metabolism (and, hence, the energy supply for membrane processes) and the xenon accumulation into the erythrocyte. The experimental data obtained indicate that the xenon concentration in the cell water exceeds the concentration in the incubation solution by about 20 %. The metabolic inhibitors practically equalise the xenon concentrations in the cell water and in the surrounding medium. The possible theoretical consequences of these facts are taken into account and analysed.     

地塞米松对去甲肾上腺素/神经肽Y引起的延髓尾端背内侧细胞内Ca2+浓度的影响

经典的激素作用理论认为,类固醇类激素的作用是通过调节核转录以触发与生理功能相关的基因效应.近年来的研究资料证明,类固醇激素可通过多种途径产生快速效应,例如通过影响细胞[Ca2+]i的变化来快速调节细胞的功能活动.     

我国现有的金鱼品种的分类及其系统发育的探讨1)

一、引言 金鱼是我国广大人民乐于饲养的一种家养观赏鱼类。它是由野生红黄色鲫鱼演变而来的。明朝李时珍在《本草纲目》中记载:金鱼“述异记载晋桓冲游庐山,见湖中有赤鳞鱼,即此也。”他还写道:“自宋始有畜者,今则处处家养玩矣。”因此可以认为金鱼起源于我国晋朝(公元265—420年间)。至今已有一千多年的历史了。 李璞(1959)报道了我国的金鱼品种已有二十余个。徐金声等(1980)报道有143个之多。耶么迄今为止我国的金鱼品种究竟有多少呢?为了弄清我国的金鱼品种资源,作者曾在北京等十七个省市的各大公园和花木公司所属鱼场作了调查。在调查过程中,我们     

Extracellular matrix metabolism by chondrocytes III. Modulation of proteoglycan synthesis by extracellular levels of proteoglycan in cartilage cells in culture

Proteoglycan biosynthesis by cultured chondrocytes was shown to be depressed by extracellular concentrations of proteoglycan and partially degraded proteoglycan. This reduction in proteoglycan synthesis was reversible on removal of the added proteoglycan. $\text{Benzyl}\text{-β-}\text{D}\text{-}\text{xyloside}$, an exogenous acceptor of glycosaminoglycan synthesis, was used and it was shown that proteoglycan was inhibiting glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Proteoglycan had no effect on the overall protein synthesis by the cultured cells. It was concluded that the exogenous proteoglycan was inhibiting proteoglycan synthesis at the level of initiation or elongation of the glycosaminoglycan chains.     

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of N-[2- (hydroxyethyl)-N-(2-(7-guaninyl)ethyl)]methylamine, a reaction product between nitrogen mustard and DNA and its application to biological samples

Nitrogen mustard (HN2) is a bifunctional alkylating agent which is thought to cause cytotoxicity by covalently binding to DNA. Most studies to date have looked at qualitatively determining the presence of DNA–HN2 adducts from reactions with native DNA. The adduct which is predominately formed in these reactions is N-[2-(hydroxyethyl)-N-(2-(7-guaninyl)ethyl]methylamine (N7G). A simple and sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of N7G from DNA using ultraviolet detection is described. DNA samples having been exposed to HN2 treatment were hydrolyzed and preseparated from high-molecular-mass material by filtration using a molecular mass cut-off of 3000. The mobile phase consisted of methanol–26 mM ammonium formate, pH 6.5 (24:76, v/v). N7G, as well as the internal standard, methoxyphenol, were separated within 30 min. The recovery of N7G after hydrolysis of the DNA reaction product was quantitative and limits of detection and quantification of 10 and 20 ng/ml, respectively, were calculated. The method was validated in DNA–HN2 dose response experiments. The N7G reaction product appears to be the first reaction product formed at lower ratios of HN2/DNA but its production plateaus at higher ratios of HN2/DNA probably due to increased formation of hitherto unknown adducts. The method is simple and sensitive and for this reason, may be suited for the determination of DNA/HN2 reaction products.     

Effects of 2[5(4-chlorophenyl)pentyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate on fatty acid and glucose metabolism in perfused rat hearts determined using iodine-125 16-iodohexadecanoate

Long-chain fatty acid oxidation by the isolated perfused rat heart was assayed by external counting using [125I]16-iodohexadecanoic acid as substrate after administration of the hypoketonemic and hypoglycemic compound 2[5(4-chlorophenyl)pentyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate to rats. Glucose metabolism was also assessed by measuring release of tritium from [2-T]glucose. The oxidation of long chain fatty acids was virtually suppressed in hearts from fed or starved rats given 2[5(4-chlorophenyl)pentyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate while glucose utilization was increased 2-2.5 fold.     

钙离子对江浙蝮蛇蛇毒中性磷脂酶A2溶液构象的研究

用荧光光谱方法研究了钙离子对江浙蝮蛇毒中性磷脂酶Ａ２（简称ＮＰＬＡ２）构象的影响。结果表明,Ｃａ２＋能使酶中唯一的色氨酸残基的荧光增强：只有在Ｃａ２＋存在时,底物卵磷脂才明显改变酶分子中Ｔｒｐ周围的环境,使其光谱的兰移达７ｎｍ,荧光增强约一倍：酶中唯一的Ｈｉｓ残基被修饰以后,则没有上述两种现象发生;结合在ＮＰＬＡ２上的ｂｉｓＡＮＳ的荧光强度,随Ｃａ２＋浓度的增加而增强,提示Ｃａ２＋对ｂｉｓ－ＡＮＳ结合区域的构象有明显影响。