江西青岚湖圆顶珠蚌的种群结构与繁殖特征研究

2008年7月至2009年7月研究了江西青岚湖圆顶珠蚌(Unio douglasiae)的种群结构与繁殖特征。从其种群结构的周年变动情况来看,该种群趋于稳定状态,壳长40-65mm的个体占大多数。在采集的标本中,最大个体壳长为83.6mm,最小个体壳长为20.3mm。圆顶珠蚌自然种群性比为1:1.20,性成熟最小雌体壳长为27.6mm,体重为2.62g;最小雄体壳长为27.9mm,体重为2.21g;5至6月间繁殖盛期,检测到最小妊娠个体壳长为29.8mm,体重为2.98g,推断一周年的圆顶珠蚌可能达到性成熟。根据圆顶珠蚌生殖细胞的发育规律和滤泡的变化特点,性腺发育分为生长期和成熟期、排放期、恢复期;属多次产卵类型。育儿囊属外鳃型,胚胎在胶质索中发育,钩介幼虫成熟后,胶质索消失成黏液状,成熟钩介幼虫附在新形成的黏液丝上排出体外。妊娠母蚌在受到刺激后,易发生流产,提前排出胶质索。繁殖期为2至7月,4、5、6月为繁殖高峰期,妊娠率分别为80.43%、84.21%和78.05%。平均繁殖力为(183.72±6.43)千粒/个,最大繁殖力为344.64千粒/个,壳长为54.5mm;最小繁殖力为49.95千粒/个,壳长为29.8mm。繁殖力与壳长和体重显著相关。这些结果不仅可以丰富淡水蚌的生物学内容,也能为淡水蚌保护和湖泊与河流的规范管理提供理论依据。       

哈尔滨地区大猿叶虫发育历期与生物学特性

在哈尔滨对白菜上的大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi Baly的生活史和生物学习性进行观察研究。结果表明,大猿叶虫在哈尔滨地区绝大多数个体1年发生1代,少部分个体1年发生2代。主要以成虫入土在2～27cm土层中滞育越冬。越冬成虫翌年4月下旬开始出土活动。第1代发生在5上旬至7月上旬,第2代发生于6月中旬至7月中旬。所有成虫在7月下旬以后均滞育越冬。在25℃条件下,雌虫产卵期为6～55d,平均为30.95d,单雌平均产卵量为454.9粒。在25℃各虫态的发育历期为:卵(4.46±0.33)d,幼虫(8.22±0.26)d,蛹(4.17±0.22)d。各虫态发育起点温度卵为10.80℃,幼虫为10.95℃,蛹为9.79℃;有效积温卵为64.82日.度,幼虫为117.37日.度,蛹为64.36日.度。     

西藏浪错兰格湖裸鲤种群繁殖生物学特征

2017年7月至2018年6月,于西藏自治区昂仁县浪错采集兰格湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris chui)307尾,开展种群繁殖生物学研究。结果显示,浪错兰格湖裸鲤在3～5月性成熟系数较高。雌性最小性成熟个体年龄为7龄,体长217mm,体重122.68g,成熟系数为3.92%;雄性最小性成熟个体年龄为6龄,体长198 mm,体重91.93 g,成熟系数为3.34%。其平均成熟卵径为2.18 mm,卵径分布为单峰型。绝对繁殖力为862～8 933粒/尾,平均绝对繁殖力为(2 885±2 765)粒,相对繁殖力为7～43粒/g,平均相对繁殖力为(15±11)粒/g。绝对繁殖力与体长和体重呈显著正相关,相对繁殖力与体长、体重的相关性不显著。繁殖群体性比(♀︰♂)为1︰0.967,符合1︰1比例。     

厚颌鲂(Megalobrama pellegrini)的繁殖生物学特征

从长江上游一级支流龙溪河收集了1382尾厚颌鲂开展繁殖生物学研究。结果表明,厚颌鲂繁殖期为4～7月份,盛期为4～5月份,在繁殖季节可借第二性征辨别性别。繁殖群体主要由2、3龄个体组成,总性比♀∶♂＝1∶1.83。厚颌鲂2龄初次性成熟（♀∶75%;♂∶94.7%）,3龄个体全部成熟。最小性成熟雌性全长189.0mm,体长158.0mm,体重72.1g,成熟系数2.7%;雄性全长179.0mm,体长149.0mm,体重57.1g,成熟系数2.2%。厚颌鲂绝对怀卵量为(59587.22±59018)粒,相对怀卵量为(212.64±89.50)粒/g或(230.96±137.63)粒/mm,绝对怀卵量和相对怀卵量均在5龄大幅增长。比较繁殖力以3龄组最高,2、4、5龄组相近。集群繁殖需要18℃以上水温和其他一些生态因子刺激,亲鱼追逐约1h左右产卵。     

厚颌鲂(Megalobrama pellegrini)的繁殖生物学特征

从长江上游一级支流龙溪河收集了1382尾厚颌鲂开展繁殖生物学研究。结果表明,厚颌鲂繁殖期为4—7月份,盛期为4—5月份,在繁殖季节可借第二性征辨别性别。繁殖群体主要由2、3龄个体组成,总性比♀：♂=1：1．83。厚颌鲂2龄初次性成熟（♀：75％;♂：94．7％）,3龄个体全部成熟。最小性成熟雌性全长189．0mm,体长158．0mm,体重72．1g,成熟系数2．7％;雄性全长179．0mm,体长149．0mm,体重57．1g,成熟系数2．2％。厚颌鲂绝对怀卵量为（59587．22±59018）粒,相对怀卵量为（212．64±89．50）粒／g或（230．96±137．63）粒／mm,绝对怀卵量和相对怀卵量均在5龄大幅增长。比较繁殖力以3龄组最高,2、4、5龄组相近。集群繁殖需要18℃以上水温和其他一些生态因子刺激,亲鱼追逐约1h左右产卵。     

大猿叶虫龙南种群的生物学特性

系统研究大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi Baly江西龙南(24°9′N,114°8′E)种群生物学特性。结果显示,该虫仅在春季和秋季发生为害,以成虫在土中越冬和越夏。由于成虫滞育期的差异,该虫显示出生活史多样性,有些个体隔年繁殖;有些个体是一化性,仅在春季或秋季繁殖1代;有些个体是二化性,在春季和秋季各繁殖1代;有些个体是多化性的,春季1代,秋季2~3代,因此,在田间1年可发生1~4代。春季,滞育成虫于2月中旬至4月初陆续出土繁殖,羽化的成虫于4月上旬至5月中旬陆续入土越夏;秋季,滞育成虫于8月中旬至10月中旬陆续出土,羽化的成虫于9月中旬至12月中旬陆续入土越冬。成虫一生能多次交配,在25℃下,春季世代雌虫产卵期为8~29d,平均产卵量为776粒;秋季世代雌虫产卵期为9~39d,平均产卵量为1003粒。各虫态的发育历期:在18~28℃间,卵为8.66~3.85d,幼虫为19.37~7.92d,蛹为8.57~3.41d。卵、幼虫和蛹的发育起点温度分别为10.5、11.5和11.9℃。滞育成虫的寿命为5~28个月。     

武湖日本沼虾繁殖生物学研究

武湖日本沼虾产卵场位于全湖沿岸带．越冬虾主要繁殖期为春夏季(4月中旬～7月中旬,水温20．5～31℃)。当年虾繁殖期为秋季(7月中旬～9月中旬,水温31～23℃),7月中下旬为新老世代交替期．非繁殖季节雄虾多于雌虾,繁殖季节雌虾多于雄虾．越冬虾绝对繁殖力明显大于当年虾．绝对繁殖力与体长呈幂函数关系,与体重呈直线相关．相对繁殖力RW为常数,其95％置信区间为1067．76±16．94eggs·g^-1。     

酢浆草岩螨生物学特性和种群动态研究

采用室内饲养和田间调查相结合的方法,系统研究了酢浆草岩螨的生物学特性和种群动态。结果表明：24℃－30℃范围内,发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,24℃完成1代需要15．86±0．47d,30℃需要11．57±0．60d;成螨的寿命和产卵期随温度的升高而缩短,24℃时分别为18±0．56d和15．78±0．61d,30℃缩短为14．18±0．75d和12。30-0．83d;平均产卵量和日均产卵量随温度的升高而增加,24℃时分别为33．67±1．39粒／早和2．13±0．12粒／d／早;30℃时增加为65．90±3．45粒／早和5．65±0．36粒／d／早。该螨在豫北地区1年发生7～9代,有2次发生高峰,第1次在5月中下旬至7月下旬,第2次在10月中旬至11月中旬。以雌成螨在红花酢浆草根际附近的土缝内越冬。     

西施舌的核型分析

以西施舌囊胚期胚胎为材料,5—10μg／ml秋水仙素海水处理2h,50％海水蒸馏水低渗0．5h,热片法制片,对西施舌的核型进行分析。结果表明,西施舌的二倍体数目2n＝38,核型为14m 16sm 8st,NF＝68。染色体实际长度CL为1．10—3．47μm,染色体总长度TCL为80．72μm。整个核型的染色体长度依次减小,相邻各对之间差异不明显。其中l、3、7、10、11、16和19号为中着丝粒染色体;5、6、8、9、13、14、17和18号为亚中着丝粒染色体;2、4、12和15号为亚端着丝粒染色体。     

长江口刀鲚渔汛特征及捕捞量现状

于2010-2012年,在长江南支宝山水域和北港水域设置调查断面,研究了长江口刀鲚渔获规格、渔汛特征及捕捞量.结果表明:调查期内刀鲚汛期平均全长为(316±36)mm,平均体长为(294±35) mm,平均体重为(99±37)g;单船全汛捕捞量为65.9～875.4kg,均值为338.7 kg;日均捕捞量变幅为2.3 ～23.4 kg·d-1,均值为9.4 kg·d-1;长江口刀鲚汛期有证总捕捞量为8.2～109.4 t,平均为42.3 t;宝山水域单船捕捞量各项指标均低于北港水域;2010-2012年刀鲚发汛时间最早为2月23日,最晚为3月5日,3月末-4月中旬为旺汛期,旺汛期捕捞量比例为60.96％ ～ 82.62％;刀鲚汛期捕捞量与水温和潮汛关系密切,通常水温升至12℃附近时开始进入旺汛期,各年份最高日捕捞量对应的水温介于13℃～14.5℃,平均为13.7℃;调查期间低潮期捕捞量占汛期总捕捞量的比例显著高于高潮期,其中低潮期捕捞量比例最高为82.97％,最低为62.05％.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.