短柄禾叶蕨配子体发育的研究

首次通过人工培养的方式,详细记录了短柄禾叶蕨（Grammitis dorsipila（Christ．）C．Chr．）具代表性的配子体形态发育全过程及各环节的特征,包括孢子萌发、原丝体、毛状体、叶绿体、边缘细胞、精子器等,并附特征性结构照片29幅。为禾叶蕨科（Grammitidaceae）的研究积累了配子体发育方面的详实资料,并初步讨论了短柄禾叶蕨配子体特征所体现的系统学意义。     

细辛蕨配子体发育的研究

利用光学显微镜详细观察和记录了细辛蕨[Boniniella ikenoi(Makino)Hayata]配子体发育过程,为细辛蕨属(BoniniellaHay.)的系统学研究积累基础资料.结果表明:孢子单裂缝,赤道面观半圆形,极面观椭圆形;接种7 d左右孢子萌发,14~20 d形成4~7个细胞的丝状体,丝状体阶段容易受到真菌的侵染;70 d左右,配子体发育成熟,多为雌雄同株,原叶体细胞中叶绿体的分布因光强的不同而改变.并对细辛蕨配子体各发育阶段的系统学意义、抗逆性及光诱导叶绿体运动的生理学机制进行了讨论.     

东北蕨类植物配子体发育的研究Ⅵ.中国蕨科

本文研究了无粉银粉背蕨配子体的发育,孢子四面体,三裂缝,孢子萌发为带蕨型,丝状体２－１２个细胞长,单列或多列,原叶体裸露,心脏形,生殖器较大,该配子表现为原始的性状,原叶发育为铁线蕨笄哉水蕨型,或两者之间的类型,在发育中的变异大,体现中国蕨科配子体的特点。     

乌毛蕨科3种植物配子体发育的研究

通过人工培养的方式,详细记录了乌毛蕨科(Blechnacea)具代表性的3个种,即乌毛蕨(Blechnum Orientale L.)、狗脊蕨(Woodwardia Japonica (L.F)Smith)和苏铁蕨(Brainea insignis (Hook)J.Sm)的配子体发育全过程,附特征性结构照片37幅。实验结果基本支持秦仁昌主要依据孢子体形态的分类观点。为乌毛蕨科的研究积累了配子体发育方面的详实资料。     

苏铁蕨配子体发育的研究

用无机培养基培养苏铁蕨(Brainea insignis (Hook.)J.Sm.)的孢子,显微镜下观察记录其孢子萌发及配子体形态发育过程.结果表明:孢子褐色,单裂缝,具周壁,稍褶皱.接种3 d左右孢子萌发,萌发类型为书带蕨型(VittariaType),原叶体发育类型为槲蕨型(Drynaria Type).接种15 d左右发育为片状体.接种25 d左右发育为成熟原叶体,呈心形,其翼面和翼缘均分布有毛状体.精子器由3细胞构成,成熟颈卵器颈部由4列细胞组成,4～5层细胞高.     

水蕨配子体发育的研究

研究了我国产水蕨(Ceratopteris thalictroides)配子体发育的全过程,水蕨孢子为四面体型,三裂缝,孢子萌发为向心型,丝状体4～8个细胞长,无明显的顶端细胞,丝状体顶部细胞同时分裂形成片状体,分生组织位于片状体一侧,使原叶体成为不对称的心脏形,原叶体发育为水蕨型,无毛状体,精子器和颈卵器较大,该配子体表现为较原始的性状.     

东北蕨类植物配子体发育的研究Ⅷ铁角蕨科

本文研究了过山蕨配子体的发育过程。孢子左右对称,单裂缝,具周壁,孢子萌发为书带蕨型,丝状体２－７个细胞长,原叶体发育为三叉蕨型,原叶体的毛状体形状多样。性器官较小,在配子体上的此等特征说明过山蕨为进化的类型。     

东北蕨类植物配子体发育的研究X.岩蕨科

在室内培养条件下,详尽地比较观察了我国东北产的岩蕨科２属４种的配子体发育过程,了解该科在配子体发育上的特征,来说明建立岩蕨科的合理性和种属间的区别。     

中国产对开蕨配子体发育的研究

本文对中国产铁角蕨科的对开蕨(Phyllitis japonica)配子体发育,用光学显微镜和扫描电镜作了详细研究。孢子单裂缝,周壁具褶皱。萌发方式向心型。丝状体2—8细胞,单列。原叶体发育三叉蕨型,具毛状体。雌雄同株为主。精子器较大,颈卵器细长。比较配子体的特征,本文认为中国产的对开蕨与欧洲所产的应为同一种。     

肾蕨配子体发育的研究

利用光学显微镜观察肾蕨(Nephrolepis auriculata)孢子的萌发及配子体发育过程。结果表明:成熟的孢子棕黄色,不透明,极面观圆球形,赤道面观豆形,单裂缝,表面光滑。孢子萌发类型为书带蕨型,播种后15 d左右萌发,形成5-12个细胞长的丝状体。原叶体发育为三叉蕨型。30 d左右发育为片状体,45 d左右形成幼原叶体,幼原叶体不对称,成熟原叶体心脏形对称。原叶体边缘及背腹面都具毛状体,毛状体由单细胞构成。60 d左右精子器开始出现,精子器近圆球形,由3个细胞构成。70 d左右颈卵器出现,成熟颈卵器颈部由4列细胞构成,3-5层细胞高。原叶体受精后1个月内可看到幼胚生成。     

叉蕨科4属5种植物配子体的发育模式及其系统学意义

利用光学显微镜详细观察了叉蕨科（Aspidiaceae）4属5种植物,即肋毛蕨属（Ctenitis（C．Chr．）C．Chr．）的亮鳞肋毛蕨（C．subglandulosa（Hance）Ching）和海南肋毛蕨（C．decurrenti-pmnata（Ching）Ching）、轴脉蕨属（Ctenitopsis Ching ex Tard-Blot et C．Chr．）的轴脉蕨（C．sagenioides（Mett．）Ching）、黄腺羽蕨属（Pleocnemia Presl）的黄腺羽蕨（P．winitti Holtt．）以及叉蕨属（Tectaria Cav．）的剑叶叉蕨（T.leptophylla（C．H．Wright）Ching）的配子体发育过程,记录了配子体各发育阶段的模式特征,认为这5种植物的孢子、丝状体、片状体、生长点、翼片、细胞、毛状体和假根等具有稳定的系统学意义。检索结果与该科的经典分类结果基本相似,并在此基础上编写了各分类群的检索表。本研究为叉蕨科系统学研究积累了详实的配子体形态学资料。     

金粉蕨配子体发育及其无配子生殖的研究

采用光学显微镜和半薄切片技术对金粉蕨(Onychium siliculosum(Desv.)C.Chr.)的配子体发育及其无配子生殖进行了研究。金粉蕨孢子黄褐色,具三裂缝,孢子萌发时先产生假根,然后长出原叶体细胞,萌发类型为书带蕨型。原叶体细胞经丝状体、片状体发育为原叶体,发育类型为水蕨型。金粉蕨配子体分枝发达,成熟配子体呈丛状。多次培养表明金粉蕨只能产生精子器,不能产生颈卵器,为专性无配子生殖。半薄切片观察表明配子体生长点下方的细胞经分裂产生一群小型细胞,由它们发育为无配子生殖胚。小型细胞先分化出无性胚芽,再分化出胚根。胚芽与胚根,胚与配子体之间由分化出的导管连接。     

中国肋毛蕨属一新记录种——曼氏肋毛蕨

首次报道了中国肋毛蕨属一新记录种-曼氏肋毛蕨(Ctenitis mannii),该种与直鳞肋毛蕨(C.eatoni)及C.vilis相似,但叶片椭圆状披针形,长30～60 cm,基部宽14～22 cm;羽片近平展;叶脉羽状,5～7对,单一;每小羽片有孢子囊群5～6对;孢子囊群生于小脉中部可与后两者区别.凭证标本存放于广西植物标本馆(IBK)和中国科学院植物研究所标本馆(PE).     

培养基对不同性别水蕨配子体叶绿素荧光特性的影响

研究了MS和改良knop’s培养基条件下水蕨(Ceratopteris thalictroides)两性配子体和雄配子体叶绿素荧光参数的差异,结果表明:MS培养基中两性配子体PSⅡ线性电子传递的量子效率ФPSⅡ和PSⅡ驱动的电子传递速率ETRPSⅡ值显著高于MS培养基中的雄配子体以及改良knop’s培养基中的配子体;各组配子体光化学效率Fv/Fm值无显著差异;外源营养对各组配子体光化学荧光猝灭系数qP和非光化学荧光猝灭系数qN的影响不具明显规律性。综上所述,MS培养基中外源糖类的添加使水蕨配子体PSⅡ的光合活性增强,有利于大量快速生长的两性配子体的形成。     

鳞毛蕨凝集素的分离纯化与性质

阔鳞鳞毛蕨[Dryopteris championi(Benth.)C.CHr.]的叶片组织经硫酸铵沉淀、活性炭柱及DEAE-SepharoseFF离子交换柱等步骤纯化得到鳞毛蕨凝集素(Dryopteris championi lectin)。纯化的鳞毛蕨凝集素(DCL)在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上显示1条蛋白质着色带。其中性糖含量高,氨基酸组成中队(苯丙氨酸)含量最高,His(组氨酸)含量最低。对不同动物红细胞及人的不同血型红细胞的凝集有专一性。其凝血活性能被果糖、半乳糖和N-乙酰半乳糖胺所抑制,对温度变化较不敏感,Mn^2 和Mg2 在一定浓度范围能激活其为EDTA-Na2所抑制的活性。     

石灰岩地区蕨类植物低头贯众的配子体发育研究

采用原生境腐殖土对低头贯众[Cyrtomium nephrolepioides (Christ) Cop.]孢子进行培养,在显微镜下详细观察了其配子体发育的全过程.结果表明:低头贯众孢子深棕褐色,二面体形,极面观椭圆形,孢子萌发不具假根或为书带蕨型(Vittaria-type);丝状体由3～8个细胞构成;片状体上偏斜具毛状体,宽达10个细胞;原叶体的发育为叉蕨型(Asplenium-type).成熟的原叶体为对称心形,具乳头状毛状体,假根分叉,根尖膨大,精子器壁由3细胞构成和颈卵器弯曲等表现出进化的特征,但假根含有叶绿体又表现了原始的系统学特征.研究认为孢子萌发较慢,假根尖膨大和毛状体等似乎是该种配子体对石灰岩土壤特殊生境的适应对策.     

垂花悬铃花雌雄配子体发育研究

对垂花悬铃花雄配子体发育观察表明,其花药由表皮(1层)、药室内层(1层)、中层(2层)、绒毡层(1层)及造孢细胞组成,花药四室,药壁发育为双子叶型。雄配子体发育经由花粉母细胞减数分裂形成四分体,该四分体胞质分裂为同时型,四分体排列方式为四面体型,十字交叉型及左右对称型;小孢子再经有丝分裂形成营养核和生殖核,生殖核再经有丝分裂形成3-核花粉。花药壁层的变化,在单核小孢子期,表皮细胞解体,仅留下痕迹;中层在花粉母细胞期逐渐消失;药室内壁在单核小孢子期开始纤维化;绒毡层在单核小孢子期消失,属变形绒毡层。雌配子体发育观察表明,其子房上位,5室,每室1个胚珠,胚珠弯生,中轴胎座,大多数胚珠发育停留在珠心形成阶段,极少数珠心形成一群孢原细胞及单核、双核胚囊。     

星星草大、小孢子发生与雌、雄配子体发育的观察

利用常规石蜡制片法研究了星星草[Puccinellia tenutiflora(Griseb．)Scribn．et Merr．]大、小孢子发生及其雌、雄配子体的发育过程。主要结论是：(1)小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中的胞质分裂为连续型,四分孢子为左右对称型;(2)成熟的花粉为三细胞型,具单萌发孔;(3)花药壁由4层结构组成,最外层为表皮,其内分别为药室内壁、中层、绒毡层,绒毡层为分泌型,花药壁的发育属于单子叶型;(4)星星草为单子房,单胚珠,双珠被,薄珠心,倒生型胚珠。大孢子母细胞经减数分裂形成线形排列的4个大孢子,合点端大孢子具功能;(5)胚囊发育属于蓼型,成熟胚囊形成时,反足细胞经无丝分裂形成4～6个反足细胞,反足细胞内可能存在多次DNA复制过程。     

Studies on the Development of Gametophytes in Cornus officinalis (Cornaceae)

The floral bud of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. began to differentiate at the end of April. In the beginning of November, female and male gametophytes reached their maturation. The flowers fell off in the following March. The wall of the microsporangium comprised epidermis, endothecium, two or three middle layers and a single layer of amoeboid tapetum with two nuclei. The extra-tapetal membrane was formed during the later stage of the development of anther. Meiosis of microspore mother-cell was normal and cytokinesis was of the simultaneous type. The tetrad was tetrahedral in shape. The mature pollen grains were 2-celled and 3-colporate. The ovule was unitegminous and tenuinucellate. During the development of the ovule, some special structures were formed, e. g. hypostase and obturator which originated from the integument. A single archesporium differentiated immediately below the nucellar epidermis. It functioned directly as the megaspore mother-celL This cell under went meiosis to form a linear tetrad. The chalazal megaspore was functional. The development of the embryo sac was conformed as the polygonum type. Two polar nuclei fused into the secondary nucleus and 'three antipodal cells degenerated soon after the embryo sac reached its maturation, at that time the female gametophyte had become an embryo sac which consisted of only four cells each with a nucleus just before two months of blooming. The nuclei of some synergids located in the chalazal part of the cells. Contrarily, the micropylar past of the synergids were occupied by a large vacuole. The secondary nucleus was usually located in the chalazal part of the embryo sac.     

Studies on the Development of Male and Female Gametophytes in Sinojakia xylocarpa

Observed in this paper was the development of the microspore and megaspore, male and female gametophytes in Sinojakia xylocarpa, which is endemic to China. The anther comprises four microsporangia. Microspore wall forms simultaneously after meiotic division in PMCs. The arrangment of microspore in a tetrad is tetrahedral. Bicel lular pollen grains appear at the shedding stage. ‘They are 3-colporate, with irregular min ute-faveolate exine sculpture. The anther wall development is of the dicotyledonous type, and its endothecitum develops slight fibrous thickenings, which also form on some epidermal cells. The tapetum is glandular. The pistil with hollow style is composed of three carpels, and its ovary contains several anatropous ovules. The ovule is unitegmic, tenuinucellar, but no obturator was observed. The archesporial cell functions directly as the megaspore mother cell which forms a linear tetrad, but T-shaped tetrad was found in a few ovules. A Polygonum type embryo sac forms from the functional chalazal megaspore. In the mature embryo sac, the synergids are elongate with a large vacuole at the chalazal end, but the distrihution of vacuoles in the egg cell appears random. Two polar nuclei remain in contact with each other for a spell before the fertilization and the 3 antipodal cells may persist into early postfertilzation stages. Numerous starch gra ins occur in the embryo sac. According to the present embryological studies on Sinojakia xylocarpa and the works on embryogenesis by some early embryologist, authors consider that Styracaceae, Symplocaceae, Sapotaceae and Ebenaceae are rather closely related, and we alsoconsider it reasonable to put the 4 families mentioned above in Ebenales.