CRYSTALLINE INCLUSIONS IN THE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE AND GRANULAR ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM OF THE FISH SPINAL CORD

Crystalline inclusions were found in the nuclear envelope and granular endoplasmic reticulum of spinal cord oligodendroglia of the common guppy (Poecilia reticulata) and the lungfish (Polypterus enlicheri). A considerably increased incidence of these inclusions was noted in guppies with congenital and hereditary (sex-linked, recessive) lordosis. Identical crystalline inclusions were observed in protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes, ependymal cells, and capillary endothelial cells of the spinal cord of the lordotic fish. The oligodendroglia in these fish also revealed a prominent alteration of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, with the accumulation of dense (secretion?) granules and large amounts of electron-opaque material in markedly dilated sacs of the endoplasmic reticulum. The authors postulate that this alteration is caused by a genetic defect in the control mechanism governing the elaboration of this material in the lordotic guppy, with subsequent stasis and crystallization of this material.     

VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES AND NUCLEAR INCLUSIONS IN THE RED ALGA PORPHYRIDIUM PURPUREUM (BORY) DREW ET ROSS1

Ultrastructural examination of the unicellular red alga Porphyridium purpureum has revealed cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusions termed concentrosomes. These bodies are morphologically distinct from the irregular membranous inclusions previously reported by others as concentric bodies. In thin section, the morphology of concentrosomes varies from a simple set of 3 or 4 (or rarely 5) concentrically arranged, electron-opaque, circular profiles to elongate, sinuous forms and particulate aggregations, the majority clearly within the nucleus but separated front the nucleoplasm by what appears to be the nuclear envelope. Although simple concentrosomes may be observed in either the cytoplasm or the nuclei, the more elaborate forms occur only in nuclei. In addition to the concentrosomes, subspherical to polygonal virus-like particles of approximately 40 nm diameter have been observed in P. purpureum. These particles are characterized by an electron-opaque perimeter that, in approximately equal numbers, surrounds an “empty” or an opaque core. Dense arrays of the virus-like particles appear in the cytoplasm but not in the nuclei. Similarities between certain forms of the concentrosomes and the virus-like particles are suggestive of an ontogenetic relationship. The infrequency with which either the concentrosomes or the virus-like particles are observed has hampered attempts to verify a developmental sequence or to establish unequivocally the infectious nature of the virus-like particles.     

PHOSPHORYLATION OF NUCLEAR PROTEINS FROM RABBIT CEREBRUM, CEREBELLUM AND LIVER IN VITRO

Abstract— Phosphorylation of nuclear protein was investigated with isolated nuclei from rabbit cerebral cortex, cerebellum and liver by using [γ-³²P]ATP. The results were compared with the previously reported findings on phosphorylation with tissue slices and [³²P]phosphate. Cerebral cortex showed a very high level of phosphorylation, while liver showed the lowest, the difference being several fold in magnitude. With each tissue source, the extent of phosphorylation was maximum at incubation period for 2–3 min with steady decline afterwards. When nuclear proteins were further fractionated into 0.14 m -NaCl-soluble, 0.25 n -HCl-soluble (mainly histone) and acidic phenol-soluble proteins, NaCl-soluble protein showed the highest phosphorylation while HCl-soluble the lowest. The ratio among these tissue sources studied and the ratio among various protein fractions in each tissue source were strikingly similar to what had been shown with tissue slices. Further separation of acidic phenol-soluble protein with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed retention of the characteristic difference of the pattern of phosphorylation between liver and the CNS tissue as having been observed with tissue slices, although phosphorylation of proteins with molecular weights of less than 40,000 was much reduced with the isolated nuclei. Although other methods with extracted protein kinase or chromatic protein fractions might be more desirable under ordinary situations, the system for nuclear protein phosphorylation with isolated nuclei and [γ-³²P]ATP may be useful under certain experimental conditions provided the incubation condition is carefully selected.     

兔胚泡肽合成片段及其与着床有关的生理功能

本研究测定了兔胚泡肽（ＲＢＰ２）的氨基酸序列,它由５４个氨基酸组成,其序列的第４位氨基酸至第３４位氨基酸与兔子宫珠蛋白Ｎ端氨基酸序列完全相同。用计算机软件系统模拟分析,从５４个氨基酸中选取了抗原性最高的一段氨基酸（ａａ２０－ａａ３４）,然后人工合成了含有１５个氨基酸的小肽片段（ＳＰＦ）。研究表明：用溴脱氧尿嘧啶掺入淋巴细胞的方法测定了ＳＰＦ对细胞增殖作用的影响,当浓度范围在８０μｇ／ｍｌ至３２０μ     

兔心肌局部缺血和缺氧时的电活动与超微结构的变化

在兔在体心脏上对比观察了阻断冠脉血流(心肌缺血)和阻断冠脉血流后用缺氧液体灌流(心肌缺氧)时心肌电活动与超微结构的变化。结果如下:(1)心肌缺血时引起 MAP 振幅(MAPA)与双极心外膜下电图振幅(BEGA)的降低(P<0.01)以及 MAP 复极达50%的时程(MAPD_(50))与功能不应期(FRP)的缩短(P<0.01);(2)心肌缺氧时只引起 MAPD_(50)和 FRP的缩短(P值分别小于0.01和0.05),而未引起 MAPA 和 BEGA 的明显变化;(3)超微结构的观察表明,心肌缺血10分钟时,多数线粒体内出现不定形的致密小体,核染色质明显周边化,而心肌缺氧10分钟时,仅在少数线粒体内出现致密体,核染色质分散,有的呈现早期周边化。上述结果提示,在心肌缺血早期,缺氧是造成不应期缩短的主要原因,而代谢产物和 K~ 的蓄积则可能是引起传导阻抑的重要因素,并有加强缺氧所致心肌损伤的作用。     

THE PROTEIN ASSOCIATED WITH HEMOLYSIN IN RABBIT SERUM AND PLASMA

1. The water-insoluble globulin with which hemolysin is associated, may be separated from immune serum or plasma by dilution and simple dialysis at optimal pH. 2. This optimum in plasma is influenced by the presence of the fibrinogen. 3. Fibrinogen carries no immune body, or only an insignificant amount; when present in immune body solutions in other form than fibrin gel, it depresses the hemolytic activity. The conditions for the formation of fibrin gel are similar to those for the formation of a gel by banana protein. 4. The hemolytic activity is a more labile property of the immune protein than the agglutinating activity; hemolysin is destroyed, hemagglutinin shows an apparent increase, as a result of alcohol extraction.     

植物细胞核的凹入和核液泡的形成

核质互作在细胞核中形成膜囊结构首先是在动物细胞中揭示的［１］。对植物细胞超微结构的研究亦发现有类似现象的存在［２—４］。在植物细胞核中形成的膜泡认为有两种形式：一是核被膜向核基质深度凹入,形成细胞质深入细胞核的状态,称之为“假包被（ｐｓｅｕｄｏ－ｉｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ）”［２,５］;另一种形式是细胞核内膜或内外双层核膜向核基质深度凹入,并最终脱离核被膜,在核基质中形成囊泡结构,称之为“核液泡（ｎｕｃｌｅａｒｖａｃｕｏｌｅ）”［３,４,６,７］。对细胞核质间通过核被膜在结构上的特殊作用形式缺少像对通过…     

NUCLEAR CHROMATIN PROTEINS FROM RABBIT CEREBRUM, CEREBELLUM AND LIVER: SYNTHESIS AND PHOSPHORYLATION

Abstract— In order to investigate synthesis and phosphorylation of the various fractions of nuclear proteins. [³H]leucine and [³²P] phosphate incorporation were studied with tissue slices in vitro. Cerebral cortex and cerebellum were used to delineate the similarity and dissimilarity within CNS, and liver was taken to compare the extraneural organ. There were significant differences in [³H]leucine incorporation into nuclear proteins among those tissue sources examined, while [³²P]phosphate incorporation showed very similar results among them. Although the acidic chromatin protein demonstrated high activity in each tissue source for both synthesis and phosphorylation, 0.14M-NaCl soluble protein showed the activity as high as or even higher than the acidic chromatin protein. Both [³H]leucine incorporation and [³²P]phosphate incorporation were relatively low in histone. When the acidic chromatin protein was further fractionated with SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis, significant difference was found between CNS tissue and liver for synthesis and phosphorylation. However, considerable difference was also observed even between cerebral cortex and cerebellum. The present investigation demonstrated complicity and diversity of nuclear chromatin proteins in different organs, not only for their protein constituents but also for their synthesis and phosphorylation.     

THE METABOLISM OF LABELLED ETHANOLAMINE IN NEURONAL AND GLIAL CELLS OF THE RABBIT IN VIVO1

Abstract— Adult rabbits were injected intraventricularly with [¹⁴C]ethanolamine and the incorporation of the base into the phosphatidylethanolamine and ethanolamine plasmalogen (and their water-soluble precursors) of isolated neuronal and glial cells was investigated. All the radioactivity was incorporated into the base moiety of the ethanolamine lipids for the time intervals examined in both types of cells. In neurons, maximum labelling of the two ethanolamine lipids occurred at 7 h after administration, whereas the highest specific radioactivity for glial phosphatidylethanolamine and ethanolamine plasmalogen was reached at 20 and 36 h, respectively. The two lipids had a faster turnover in neurons than in glia, and in both populations incorporated the base at a faster rate than did whole brain tissue. The maximum incorporation rates for phosphorylethanolamine and CDP-ethanolamine were reached in both types of cell at about 6 h after administration but the content of radioactivity per unit protein for phosphorylethanolamine was much higher in glial than in neuronal cells. It is concluded that the site of most active synthesis of ethanolamine phospholipids in vivo is the neuronal cell, with a possible transfer of intact lipid molecule to the glial compartment.