浪心竹芋的离体培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称 浪心竹芋（Calathea rufibarba vat．Wavestar）,又称浪星竹芋、波浪竹芋。 2材料类别 新生侧芽。 3培养条件 启动培养基：（1）MS＋6-BA5．0mg．L^-1（单位下同）＋NAA0．05＋0．5％卡拉胶＋3％白砂糖;增殖继代培养基：（2）MS＋6-BA3．5＋KT2．0＋0．5％卡拉胶＋3％白砂糖;（3）1／2MS＋6-BA0．4＋KT0．2＋NAA0．05＋0．6％卡拉胶＋4％白砂糖;生根培养基：（4）1／2MS＋NAA0．3＋0．6％卡拉胶＋4％白砂糖。     

红花银桦的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称 红花银桦（Grevillea banksiiR．Br．）。 2材料类别 侧芽或顶芽。 3培养条件（1）愈伤组织诱导培养基：MS＋6-BA3．0mg．L^-1（单位下同）＋NAA0．1＋TDZ0．1。分化培养基：（2）MS＋6-BA1．0＋NAA0．1;（3）MS＋6-BA1．5＋NAA0．1;（4）MS＋6-BA2．0＋NAA0．1;（5）MS＋6-BA2．5＋NAA0．1;（6）MS＋6-BA3．0＋NAA0．1。生根培养基：（7）MS＋NAA0．2;（8）MS＋NAA0．4;（9）MS＋NAA0．8。以上培养基均添加3％蔗糖和0．65％卡拉胶,pH5．8-6.2。     

毛菍的组织培养和植株再生

1 植物名称 毛菍（Melastoma sanguineum Sims．）。 2材料类别 成熟种子。 3培养条件 种子萌发培养基：（1）MS0;芽诱导增殖培养基：（2）MS＋6-BA0．5mg·L^-1（单位下同）＋NAA0．02;（3）MS＋6-BA0．5＋NAA0．2;（4）MS＋6-BA2．0＋NAA0．02;（5）MS＋6-BA2．0＋NAA0．2;（6）MS＋6-BA5．0＋NAA0．02;（7）MS＋6-BA5．0＋NAA0．2;（8）MS＋TDZ0．5：（9）MS＋TDZ0．5＋NAA0．2;     

羽叶蔓绿绒的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称 羽叶蔓绿绒（Philodendron pittieri Engl．）。 2材料名称 顶芽和新生侧芽。 3培养条件（1）启动培养基：1／2MS＋6-BA2．0mg．L^-1（单位下同）＋NAA0．02;（2）增殖培养基：1／2MS＋6-BA1．0＋KT0．2＋NAA0．05;（3）壮苗和生根培养基：1／2MS＋6．BA0．4＋KT0．2＋NAA0．1。     

龙须海棠组织培养与试管内开花

1植物名称龙须海棠（Mesembryanthemum spectabileFlaw）。2材料类别种子。3培养条件种子萌发培养基：（1）1/2MS;增殖继代培养基：（2）MS＋6-BA2.0mg·L^-1（单位下同）＋NAA0.2;（3）MS＋6-BA1.0＋NAA0.5;（4）MS＋6-BA0.5＋NAA0.1;生根培养基：（5）1/2MS＋NAA0.1;（6）1/5NAA0．1;生根培养基：（5）1／2MS＋NAA0．1;（6）1／5MS＋NAA0．I＋PP3330．1。     

青藏苔草的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称 青藏苔草（Carex moorcroftii Falc ex Boott）。 2材料类别 种子。 3培养条件 （1）诱导培养基：MS＋NAA0．5mg·L^-1（单位下同）＋6-BA1＋2,4-D0．5;（2）继代培养基：MS＋NAA0．5＋6-BA0．5＋2,4-D2;（3）芽分化培养基：MS＋6-BAI＋NAA1;（4）生根培养基：1／2MS＋IAA3。     

岩生肥皂草的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称 岩生肥皂草（Saponaria ocymoides L．）。2材料类别茎尖和节间茎段。3培养条件 以MS为基本培养基,另加3％蔗糖和0．7％琼脂粉,pH5．85。分化、增殖培养基为：（1）MS＋6-BA0．5mg．L-1（单位下同）＋NAA0．1;（2）MS＋6-BA1．0＋NAA0．1;（3）MS＋6-BA0．5＋NAA0-2：（4）MS＋6-BA1．0＋NAA0．2。生根培养基为：（5）MS＋IBA0．2;（6）MS＋IBA0．4。培养温度（25＋2）℃;     

姜薯的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称姜薯（Dioscorea alata L．）。 2材料类别块根。 3培养条件以MS为基本培养基。（1）诱导培养基：MS＋2,4-D2．0mg·L^-1（单位下同）＋6-BA0．5;（2）芽分化培养基：MS＋6-BA3．0＋NAA0．5;（3）生根培养基：1／2MS＋NAA0．5＋IBA0．5。     

黄花小山菊的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称黄花小山菊[Dendranthema hypargyrum（Diels）Ling et Shih]。 2材料类别茎尖。 3培养条件基本培养基为MS。丛生芽诱导和增殖培养基：MS＋6-BA1mg．L^-1（单位下同）＋NAA0．01：MS＋6-BA3＋NAA0．01：MS＋6-BA5＋NAA0．01。生根培养基：1／2MS＋NAA0．01;1／2MS＋NAA0．03;1／2MS＋NAA0．05。     

新疆一枝蒿的组织培养与快速繁殖

1 植物名称 新疆一枝蒿（Artemisia rupestris L．）,别名岩蒿。 2材料类别 种子。 3培养条件 种子萌发培养基：（1）MS。芽增殖培养基：（2）MS＋NAA0．05mg·L^-1（单位下同）;（3）MS＋6-BA0．5＋NAA0．05;（4）MS＋6-BA1．0＋NAA0．05;（5）MS＋6一BA1．5＋NAA0．05;（6）MS＋6-BA2．0＋NAA0．05。     

Micropropagation of four Gentiana species (G. lutea, G. cruciata, G. purpurea and G. acaulis)

The growth of axillary shoots was initiated on nodal stem segments, excised from aseptically grown seedlings of Gentiana acaulis L., G. cruciata L., G. lutea L. and G. purpurea L. In later subcultures, a basal callus tissue developed on the shoots, giving rise to de novo formed buds. Optimum benzyladenine and indoleacetic acid combinations for shoot development were established. They were slightly different in the four species. From 35-70% of shoots rooted spontaneously, except in G. lutea, in which adventitious roots were induced by applying naphthaleneacetic acid. It was conduded that the four Gentiana species were amenable to propagation in vitro. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

G proteins.

The family of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) serves an essential role in transducing receptor-generated signals across the plasma membrane. Recent findings reveal unexpected functional roles for individual G protein subunits. Thus, GTP-binding alpha-subunits and the beta gamma-subunit complex can influence the activity of effector molecules independently or simultaneously, either synergistically or in opposition, to elicit a complex constellation of cellular events.     

A dimeric DNA interface stabilized by stacked A.(G.G.G.G).A hexads and coordinated monovalent cations

We report on the identification of an A.(G.G.G.G).A hexad pairing alignment which involves recognition of the exposed minor groove of opposing guanines within a G.G.G.G tetrad through sheared G.A mismatch formation. This unexpected hexad pairing alignment was identified for the d(G-G-A-G-G-A-G) sequence in 150 mM Na(+) (or K(+)) cation solution where four symmetry-related strands align into a novel dimeric motif. Each symmetric half of the dimeric "hexad" motif is composed of two strands and contains a stacked array of an A.(G.G.G.G).A hexad, a G.G.G.G tetrad, and an A.A mismatch. Each strand in the hexad motif contains two successive turns, that together define an S-shaped double chain reversal fold, which connects the two G-G steps aligned parallel to each other along adjacent edges of the quadruplex. Our studies also establish a novel structural transition for the d(G-G-A-G-G-A-N) sequence, N=T and G, from an "arrowhead" motif stabilized through cross-strand stacking and mismatch formation in 10 mM Na(+) solution (reported previously), to a dimeric hexad motif stabilized by extensive inter-subunit stacking of symmetry-related A.(G.G.G.G).A hexads in 150 mM Na(+) solution. Potential monovalent cation binding sites within the arrowhead and hexad motifs have been probed by a combination of Brownian dynamics and unconstrained molecular dynamics calculations. We could not identify stable monovalent cation-binding sites in the low salt arrowhead motif. By contrast, five electronegative pockets were identified in the moderate salt dimeric hexad motif. Three of these are involved in cation binding sites sandwiched between G.G.G. G tetrad planes and two others, are involved in water-mediated cation binding sites spanning the unoccupied grooves associated with the adjacent stacked A.(G.G.G.G).A hexads. Our demonstration of A.(G. G.G.G).A hexad formation opens opportunities for the design of adenine-rich G-quadruplex-interacting oligomers that could potentially target base edges of stacked G.G.G.G tetrads. Such an approach could complement current efforts to design groove-binding and intercalating ligands that target G-quadruplexes in attempts designed to block the activity of the enzyme telomerase.     

G. A. Weiss

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