TnGV增强蛋白在AcMNPV中的表达和活性分析

为了研究杆状病毒增强蛋白的活性基团,本文构建了分别表达三种N端部分缺失的粉纹夜蛾颗粒体病毒增强蛋白的重组杆状病毒,这三种蛋白在N端分别缺失了150,186和250个氨基酸.用重组病毒感染Tn-5B1-4细胞,成功地表达了这三种蛋白,并得到了纯化的蛋白质.通过体外降解围食膜的方法检测这些部分缺失的增强蛋白的活性,结果证实这三种蛋白均失去了增强蛋白的降解围食膜粘蛋白的活性.这一结果表明,增强蛋白的N端对其降解围食膜粘蛋白的功能是必需的.     

粉纹夜蛾颗粒体病毒增强蛋白锌离子结合域定点突变

粉纹夜蛾颗粒体病毒（Trichoplusia ni granulovirus, TnGV）增强蛋白（enhancin）具有增强病毒感染力的作用。该蛋白包含一个多种杆状病毒增强蛋白都具有的保守结构域HELGH,是典型的金属蛋白酶锌离子结合域,但该结构域对增强蛋白生物活性的重要性尚未得到研究。本研究通过定点突变构建了该结构域的5个氨基酸分别突变为2种不同氨基酸的共10种增强蛋白突变体基因,并用杆状病毒载体进行了重组表达。活性测定发现,10种突变型增强蛋白大部分都丧失了野生型增强蛋白所具有的降解粉纹夜蛾幼虫围食膜粘蛋白的生物学功能,只有1种（第4位G突变为A）保留该生物学活性。这一结果表明锌离子结合域对增强蛋白生物活性具有重要作用,也提示增强蛋白确是一种金属蛋白酶。     

表达量高、血凝活性好的H3N2流感病毒血凝素（HA）蛋白疫苗的筛选研究

摘要 目的：筛选表达量高、血凝活性好的H3N2流感病毒血凝素（HA）重组蛋白。方法：以A/MINNESOTA/41/2019（H3N2）毒株的HA为基础,将HA胞外区N端融合GP67信号肽,C端融合三聚化基序,分别构建HA胞外区全长及近膜区截短2个氨基酸的HA重组杆状病毒,并构建相应的不含三聚化基序的HA重组杆状病毒;经昆虫细胞表达,Western blot鉴定,亲和层析纯化后分析重组蛋白的血凝效价及稳定性。结果：四种HA重组蛋白均获得有效表达,其中HA胞外区全长融合三聚化基序的重组蛋白（HA-T）表达水平最高,经Strep tag亲和层析获得高度纯化,产量高达30 mg/L,Ethylene glycolbis交联分析显示为稳定的HA三聚体形式,血凝活性分析显示HA-T的活性最高,血凝效价为29,动态光散射显示HA-T在4℃放置3个月性质稳定。结论：HA-T表达量高、稳定性好、血凝活性高且易于纯化,研究结果为流感重组蛋白疫苗的研发策略提供了参考。     

汉滩病毒M、S基因不同拼接方式在昆虫细胞中融合表达效果比较

将汉滩病毒囊膜糖蛋白G1与核蛋白 (NP)部分片段以不同方式拼接 ,构建G1S0 .7或S0 .7G1嵌合基因 ,分别插入杆状病毒表达载体 pFBD ,转化DH10Bac致敏菌 ,获得含有嵌合基因的重组穿梭质粒Bacmid ,用其转染Sf9细胞 ,快速筛选出含有G1S0 .7或S0 .7G1嵌合基因的重组杆状病毒 ,在昆虫细胞中表达外源融合蛋白。利用间接免疫荧光、ELISA和免疫印迹对表达产物进行检测。结果表明 ,含G1S0 .7嵌合基因之重组杆状病毒可在昆虫细胞中表达出融合蛋白 ,该蛋白可被抗汉滩病毒核蛋白及糖蛋白G1特异性单抗所识别 ,其分子量约 97kD ;含S0 .7G1嵌合基因之重组杆状病毒在昆虫细胞中表达的融合蛋白 ,只能被抗汉滩病毒核蛋白特异性单抗所识别 ,其分子量约 4 3kD。上述结果提示 ,G1S0 .7嵌合基因可能在昆虫细胞中表达出完整的具有生物学活性的融合蛋白 ,S0 .7G1嵌和基因的昆虫细胞表达产物不完整 ,且生物学活性不如G1S0 .7嵌合基因的表达产物     

H5N1禽流感病毒HA基因在昆虫细胞中的表达及生物活性鉴定

经RT-PCR扩增了H5N1亚型禽流感病毒血凝素基因(HA)片断,限制性内切酶酶切后将其克隆到pFastBacHTA杆状病毒转座载体,经酶切鉴定及测序,筛选出阳性重组转座载体pFastBac-H5。将pFastBacH5转化含有杆状病毒穿梭载体（bacmid）的DH10Bac感受态细胞,通过蓝白斑筛选和PCR鉴定获得重组杆状病毒穿梭载体rBacmid-H5。rBacmid-H5在脂质体介导下转染sf9昆虫细胞,SDS－PAGE蛋白电泳、Western blot、血凝试验和血凝抑制试验分析表明：分子量约63Kd重组血凝素蛋白（rH5）在sf9昆虫细胞中实现了高效表达。rH5具有血凝活性,而且其血凝活性能够被H5N1禽流感病毒高免血清所抑制;rH5免疫鸡诱导产生针对H5N1禽流感病毒亚型特异的血凝抑制抗体,说明表达的重组蛋白具有与天然蛋白相似的生物活性。     

人SDCT2蛋白亚细胞定位信号分析

为了确定人高亲和力钠离子依赖性二羧酸共转运蛋白（high-affinity sodium-dependent dicarboxylate co-transporter, SDCT2,NaDC3）在细胞内的定位,构建了SDCT2与增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）的融合蛋白表达载体,并转染肾小管上皮细胞LLC-PK1,激光共聚焦显微镜观察显示,SDCT2蛋白主要定位于细胞的基底侧膜上.同时将SDCT2-EGFP融合基因mRNA显微注射到爪蟾卵母细胞中表达,可见融合蛋白的绿色荧光仅分布在细胞膜上.为了进一步确定该蛋白质的亚细胞定位信号序列,将SDCT2基因的N端及C端分别缺失,并构建缺失突变体与EGFP的融合蛋白表达载体,将它们转染到LLC-PK1中,观察SDCT2 缺失体在细胞内的分布情况.结果显示,N端缺失的SDCT2蛋白主要位于细胞质中,顶膜和基底侧膜上也有表达;C端缺失的SDCT2蛋白主要位于基底侧膜上,顶膜几乎没有表达,细胞质中表达很少.免疫组化结果也显示,SDCT2只表达于人近端肾小管上皮细胞的基底侧膜.这表明SDCT2蛋白的N端序列对其亚细胞定位是必需的,人SDCT2蛋白的基底膜定位信号位于N端序列中.     

SARS冠状病毒核衣壳(N)蛋白不同区域的原核表达

利用大肠杆菌表达系统对SARS冠状病毒的核衣壳(N)蛋白全长及N末端或／和C末端缺失突变体进行了表达,共表达了39个重组蛋白,表达量在15％～30％之间。分别利用电洗脱或金属鳌合介质纯化重组蛋白,用蛋白印迹实验检测纯化蛋白对SARS病人恢复期血清的反应性,结果发现全长N蛋白活性最好,其余的末端缺失蛋白均无法达到同—：活性水平。由此说明N蛋白的完整性对于其优势表位的充分暴露是必要的。     

不同区段HIV-1 env基因在Bac-to-Bac昆虫细胞杆状病毒表达系统中的表达及检测

利用昆虫细胞杆状病毒表达系统,将从一株HIV-1阳性克隆质粒中获得的几个HIV包膜蛋白基因片段,克隆入转移载体中得到重组病毒.用此重组病毒感染昆虫细胞后表达出3种HIV包膜蛋白,即GP120-41P、GP41T、GP41P,分别含有HIV-1包膜糖蛋白GP120及部分GP41,删除了N端12个疏水氨基酸的GP41和仅有主要表位约240个氨基酸的GP41.收获后分别以Western-blotting和EIA检测,有较好的免疫学活性,其中GP41T的活性最强.该实验为HIV包膜蛋白的结构研究提供了依据,加以改进后可能有免疫检测的价值.     

利用优化改造的家蚕杆状病毒表达系统提高NS1表达产量

为优化家蚕杆状病毒表达系统,提高外源基因的表达产量。文中通过同源重组技术,用串联的氯霉素基因(Cm)表达盒和绿色荧光蛋白基因(egfp)表达盒将其替换,从而获得Chitinase和Cystein Protease两个基因缺失的家蚕杆状病毒载体。通过转座,将多角体启动子控制的家蚕二分浓核病毒(Bm BDV)ns1基因表达盒,定点插入到改造后的该分子载体中。将重组载体转染Bm N细胞,获得能表达家蚕二分浓核病毒(Bm BDV)NS1的缺失型重组病毒;另外,将多角体启动子控制的ns1基因转座到野生型Bm-bacmid中,获得能表达Bm BDV NS1的野生型重组病毒。将这两种病毒分别皮下注射家蚕,对感染后的家蚕血液中NS1表达水平进行比较,发现缺失Chitinase和Cystein Protease重组病毒感染的家蚕血液中,NS1的表达量是对照组的3倍,从而建立了一种高效表达可溶性NS1蛋白的方法,为靶蛋白的结构与功能研究奠定基础。     

丙型肝炎病毒RNA多聚酶在昆虫细胞中的表达

HCV NS5B基因片段克隆入BAC-TO-BACTM重组杆状病毒表达系统的pFASTHTc载体质粒,转化DH10BACTM感受态细菌获得重组的Bacmid质粒,将重组Bacmid质粒转染Sf9细胞,获得的重组杆状病毒可表达目的蛋白.免疫印迹和体外活性检测表明,所表达蛋白为HCV NS5B蛋白,具有多聚酶活性.     

人细小病毒B19 VP1u多克隆抗体的制备及其保守区外N端氨基酸对sPLA2活性影响的初步研究

【目的】制备人细小病毒B19-VP1u的多克隆抗体,探究VP1u多克隆抗体及其保守区外N端氨基酸对病毒磷脂酶A2活性的影响。【方法】首先通过分子克隆方法构建相应原核表达载体;利用原核表达系统纯化含MBP标签的VP1u全长及N端系列截短突变融合蛋白;接着免疫新西兰大白兔制备全长VP1u蛋白的多克隆抗体;最后利用磷脂酶A2活性检测试剂盒检测了纯化蛋白的磷脂酶A2活性。【结果】Western blot及免疫荧光实验证实制备的多克隆抗体具有较高的特异性;磷脂酶A2活性检测发现全长VP1u-MBP融合蛋白具有一定的活性,该活性可以被VP1u的抗体抑制;N端保守区外截短系列蛋白的酶活检测发现,N端截掉12个氨基酸时酶活降低53%,截掉67个氨基酸时酶活性几乎完全丧失。【结论】首次发现VP1u保守区外N端氨基酸,尤其是第12个氨基酸前的区域以及第22-67个氨基酸之间的区域,对sPLA2活性的保持具有重要意义,推测该区域可能对维持正常的蛋白构象起重要的作用;而其特异性多克隆抗体的制备也为进一步研究B19病毒VP1u在病毒复制周期的作用奠定基础。     

截短型rBTI的表达、纯化及其对EC9706细胞生长的抑制作用

依据先前获得的重组荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂（rBTI）氨基酸序列及三维分子构像,分别构建了rBTI C末端缺失VVM、TPVVM或VDTPVVM的截短型pExsecI BTI t1,pExsecI BTI t2和pExsecI BTI t3重组质粒.转入大肠杆菌BL21中进行表达,并通过Resource Q阴离子交换层析分离.实验结果显示,3个工程菌均以可溶方式表达,目的蛋白在SDS PAGE图谱中显示单一条带,其纯度达98％以上. 理化性质分析表明,截短型rBTI与野生型rBTI具有相似的胰蛋白酶抑制活性,并具有很好的热稳定性及酸碱稳定性. 将野生型和截短型rBTI分别作用于人食管癌EC9706细胞.MTT检测发现,C末端截短不同数目的氨基酸后,与野生型rBTI相比,在相同浓度下截短型rBTI仍具有一定的抑制肿瘤细胞生长作用,其抑制作用范围是截短前的50%左右. 这些结果提示, rBTI的 C末端氨基酸残基缺失未引起活性区域或功能部位的较大改变,从而保留了其对胰蛋白酶的抑制作用和部分生物学功能.     

人内皮抑素在毕赤酵母中的表达、纯化与生物功能研究

内皮抑素（Endostatin）是近年来新发现的一种内源性新生血管生成（Angiogenesis）抑制因子,通过抑制新血管生成而抑制肿瘤的形成和转移且不会引起耐药性,具有极高的临床应用前景。巴斯德毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris)具有表达率高、产物可分泌、可对高等真核生物蛋白正确进行翻译后加工、遗传稳定、发酵工艺成熟等优点被用来进行重组人Endostatin的表达。本研究用PCR的方法从人胎肝cDNA文库中扩增出人Endostatin的cDNA,测序正确后转入毕赤巴斯德甲醇酵母,并获得了高效可溶型表达,用肝素亲和层析的方法进行纯化,纯化后产物经SDSPAGE薄层扫描分析纯度达987％以上,质谱测定分子量为2043kD与理论值一致,蛋白质N端序列测定结果为SPPAHTHRDFQPVLH与天然序列一致。生物活性检测证明可抑制鸡胚尿囊绒毛膜（CAM）的新生血管生成（Angiogenesis),并可抑制血管内皮细胞的增殖。因此用酵母表达系统可以得到具有生物活性的内皮抑素,经纯化后可用于进一步的生物功能和作用机理试验。     

Multiple processing forms and their biological activities of a novel angiogenesis inhibitor vasohibin

Vasohibin is a newly identified negative feedback regulator for angiogenesis. When expressed in cultured human endothelial cells, vasohibin polypeptides were detected in multiple distinct molecular weight forms, suggesting that some proteolytic events may occur within cells or the pericellular milieu. In order to identify the proteolysis sites, vasohibin cDNA mutants were generated to substitute some basic amino acids with alanine and then were transfected into endothelial cells. Western blots with anti-vasohibin monoclonal antibody following the transfection showed that there were at least two cleaving sites in the amino terminal region. Purified recombinant protein of the amino terminal truncated forms not only retained its inhibitory activity on angiogenesis in mouse corneal assay but also showed strong affinity to heparin. Moreover, deletion of some basic residues at the carboxyl terminal resulted in abrogation of both antiangiogenic and heparin-binding activities. Processing patterns and biological activities of the processed forms of this novel antiangiogenic factor are discussed.     

Subunit structure of deglycosylated human and swine trachea and Cowper's gland mucin glycoproteins

Summary The oligosaccharide chains in human and swine trachea and Cowper's gland mucin glycoproteins were completely removed in order to examine the subunit structure and properties of the polypeptide chains of these glycoproteins. The carbohydrate, which constitutes more than 70% of these glycoproteins, was removed by two treatments with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid for 3 h at 3° and periodate oxidation by a modified Smith degradation. All of the sialic acid, fucose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine present in these glycoproteins was removed by these procedures.The deglycosylated polypeptide chains were purified and characterized. The size of the monomeric forms of all three polypeptide chains were very similar. Data obtained by gel filtration, release of amino acids during hydrolysis with carboxypeptidase B and gel electrophoresis in the presence of 0.1% dodecyl sulfate showed that a major fraction from each of the three mucin glycoproteins had a molecular size of about 67 kDa. All of the deglycosylated chains had a tendency to aggregate. Digestion with carboxypeptidases showed that human and swine trachea mucin glycoproteins had identical carboxyl terminal sequences, -Val-Ala-Phe-Tyr-Leu-Lys-Arg-COOH. Cowper's gland mucin glycoprotein had a similar carboxyl terminal sequence, -Val-Ala-Tyr-Leu-Phe-Arg-Arg-COOH. The yield of amino acids after long periods of hydrolysis with carboxypeptidases showed that at least 85% of the polypeptide chains in each of the deglycosylated preparations have these sequences. These results suggested that the polypeptide chains in these deglycosylated mucin glycoprotein preparations were relatively homogeneous.The deglycosylated polypeptide chains as well as the intact mucin glycoproteins had blocked amino terminii. The purified polypeptide chains were digested with trypsin-TCPK, and S. aureus V8 protease and the resulting peptides were isolated by gel electrophoresis in the presence of 0.1% dodecyl sulfate and by HPLC. Two partial amino acid sequences from swine trachea mucin glycoprotein, two partial sequences from human trachea mucin glycoprotein and three partial sequences from Cowper's gland mucin glycoprotein were determined. The partial amino acid sequences of the peptides isolated from swine trachea mucin glycoprotein showed more than 70% sequence homology to a repeating sequence present in porcine submaxillary mucin glycoprotein. Five to eight immunoprecipitable bands with sizes ranging from about 40 kDa to 46 kDa were seen when the polypeptide chains were digested with S. aureus V8 protease. All of the bands had blocked amino terminii and differed by a constant molecular weight of about 1.5 kDa. These data suggest that the polypeptides were formed by cleavage of glutamic acid residues present at regular intervals in the chains of all three mucin glycoproteins. These large immunoreactive peptides were formed by the removal of smaller peptides from the carboxyl terminal end of the deglycosylated mucin glycoprotein chains. Taken collectively, these findings indicate that the polypeptide chains in these mucin glycoproteins are very similar in subunit structure and that there is a high degree of homology between their polypeptide chains.     

Expression and purification of recombinant polyomavirus VP2 protein and its interactions with polyomavirus proteins.

Recombinant polyomavirus VP2 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli (RK1448), using the recombinant expression system pFPYV2. Recombinant VP2 was purified to near homogeneity by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electroelution, and Extracti-Gel chromatography. Polyclonal serum to this protein which reacted specifically with recombinant VP2 as well as polyomavirus virion VP2 and VP3 on Western blots (immunoblots) was produced. Purified VP2 was used to establish an in vitro protein-protein interaction assay with polyomavirus structural proteins and purified recombinant VP1. Recombinant VP2 interacted with recombinant VP1, virion VP1, and the four virion histones. Recombinant VP1 coimmunoprecipitated with recombinant VP2 or truncated VP2 (delta C12VP2), which lacked the carboxy-terminal 12 amino acids. These experiments confirmed the interaction between VP1 and VP2 and revealed that the carboxyterminal 12 amino acids of VP2 and VP3 were not necessary for formation of this interaction. In vivo VP1-VP2 interaction study accomplished by cotransfection of COS-7 cells with VP2 and truncated VP1 (delta N11VP1) lacking the nuclear localization signal demonstrated that VP2 was capable of translocating delta N11VP1 into the nucleus. These studies suggest that complexes of VP1 and VP2 may be formed in the cytoplasm and cotransported to the nucleus for virion assembly to occur.     

Characterization of the enzyme activity of an extracellular metalloprotease (VMC) from Vibrio mimicus and its C-terminal deletions

To investigate the enzymatic properties of Vibrio mimicus metalloprotease, the mature metalloprotease gene (vmc) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein (rVMC61) was purified by metal affinity chromatography. rVMC61 showed maximum activity at about 37 degrees C, pH 8. The purified rVMC61 was very specific toward collagen substrates, such as gelatin, type I, II, and III collagens and synthetic peptides (Cbz-GPLGP and Cbz-GPGGPA). But it did not show degrading activity toward other biological proteins including lysozyme, lactoferrin and bovine serum albumin. rVMC61 also showed cytotoxicity against CHSE-214 fish cells. To examine the role of the C-terminal region of rVMC61, the 3' end of the metalloprotease gene (vmc) was digested serially with exonuclease III. The truncated vmc derivatives encoding 57-42 kDa of the protease were isolated and overexpressed in E. coli. The collagenase activities of truncated proteins were investigated using gelatin as substrate. Deletion of 100 amino acids from the C-terminus resulted in loss of gelatin degrading activity. However, deletion of 67 amino acids from the C-terminus did not affect its gelatin degrading activity.     

Interaction of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 capsid proteins with HPV DNA requires an intact L2 N-terminal sequence.

Encapsidation of papillomavirus DNA involves DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions. We sought to define the role of each human papillomavirus (HPV) capsid protein in HPV DNA encapsidation. HPV16 major (L1) and minor (L2) capsid proteins purified from recombinant vaccinia virus-infected cells were compared for their ability to bind nucleic acids. L2 protein, but not L1 protein, could bind HPV DNA. To map the DNA-binding region of L2, a series of truncated or point-mutated L2 protein open reading frames were used to show that only the N terminal of L2 was required for L2-DNA binding. This interaction depends critically on charged amino acids (Lys or Arg) in the first 12 amino acids of the N terminal of the protein. Several techniques were used to show that L2 interaction with DNA did not require specific DNA sequences. We propose that HPV L2 protein may play a major role in papillomavirus capsid assembly by introducing HPV DNA to the virus particles formed by the self assembly of the L1 major structural protein.     

Characterization of the genes and proteins of a two-component system from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima.

As a step towards studying representative members of the two-component family of signal transduction proteins, we have cloned genes encoding a histidine protein kinase and a response regulator from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima. The genes have been designated HpkA and drrA, respectively. The deduced HpkA sequence contains all five characteristic histidine protein kinase motifs with the same relative order and spacing found in the mesophilic bacterial proteins. A hydropathy profile indicates that HpkA possesses only one membrane-spanning segment located at the extreme N terminus. The N-terminal region of DrrA exhibits all of the characteristics of the conserved domains of mesophilic bacterial response regulators, and the C-terminal region shows high similarity to the OmpR-PhoB subfamily of DNA-binding proteins. Recombinant T. maritima proteins, truncated HpkA lacking the putative membrane-spanning N- terminal amino acids and DrrA, were expressed in Escherichia coli. Partial purification of T. maritima proteins was achieved by heat denaturation of E. coli host proteins. In an in vitro assay, truncated HpkA protein was autophosphorylated in the presence of ATP. Thus, the N-terminal hydrophobic region is not required for kinase activity. Phosphotransfer between truncated HpkA and DrrA was demonstrated in vitro with the partially purified proteins. The phosphorylation reactions were strongly temperature dependent. The results indicate that the recombinant T. maritima two-component proteins overexpressed in E. coli are stable as well as enzymatically active at elevated temperatures.