心电逆问题的虚拟心脏模型参数解用于心室预激旁道定位的研究

提出了一种新的心电逆问题求解方法,即基于虚拟心脏模型的心电逆问题的模型参数解。详细研究了心室预激旁道位置与体表电位分布（ＢＳＰＭ：ＢｏｄｙＳｕｒｆａｃｅＰｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌＭａｐｐｉｎｇｓ）特征参数的关系,用ＢＳＰＭ的预激旁道位置敏感参数构造了优化系统的数学模型,给出了相应的优化算法及预激综合征旁道定位结果。研究结果表明：这种新的心电逆问题研究方法是可行、有效的,对心室内预激点的定位精度在三个心肌单元以内（即４．５ｍｍ）。     

基于单个细胞动作电位计算心电:若干异常仿真心电图

根据构造的心脏电生理模型及提出的基于单细胞动作电位计算心电图的算法,介绍异常心电活动的描述方式及对若干异常心电图的仿真结果,包括心肌缺血、心肌梗死、房室传导阻滞、束支传导阻滞、以及房室旁路,并对这些心电图的 产生机制进行说明,算法及仿真结果表明,细胞间的跨缝隙连结电位差是产生场点电热进而产生各种心电图波形的原因。     

正向心电仿真及其研究现状

正向心电仿真及其研究现状杨基海彭虎娄智（中国科学技术大学,合肥２３００２６１前言心脏作为生物体新陈代谢和能量传递的动力中心,在生物学、生理学、生物化学、生物物理学、医学、仿生学等诸多领域占有突出的地位。心脏生物电过程与心脏组织的生物化学过程、心脏机械...     

高频谱心电信号的研究趋势

临床数据表明,与传统心电信号相比,高频心电信号在心肌梗塞、房室纤颤、心肌缺血、心肌炎、心室肥大、室性心动过速等患者中表现出高的敏感性,但不具有特异性。与传统心电信号研究相比,高频心电信号的研究报道较少。本文分析总结了高频心电信号的临床意义及研究中存在的问题,结合传统心电信号分析采用的方法,提出扩展高频心电信号研究的途径。     

心脏电活动的计算机仿真模型

一、前言 自从100多年前人们发现体表心电以来在心脏电生理学方面和心电诊断学方面进行了大量的研究和临床的实践。尤其是心脏电生理学方面的研究十分细致、深入。从心肌细胞的电生理特性到细胞的除极和复极。以致兴奋在整个心脏中的传播机理和过程等都进行了很仔细的研究。另一方面,心电诊断学的发展相对比较粗糙和缓慢。究其原因,可以认     

评价狗心肌缺血性室性心律失常的电生理学方法

用冠状动脉Harris二期结扎并部分再灌注法及心肌梗塞恢复期的心脏程控刺激技术(PES),进行心电生理检查并诱发与终止室性心动过速(VT)和心室纤颤(VF),建立了狗心肌缺血/再灌注后VT/VF的在体心脏电生理学研究方法,对该方法的可靠性、实用性及其临床相关性进行了探讨。结果表明,狗心肌缺血/再灌注5～8d后用PES能可靠地、重复地诱发出VT/VF,再灌注的梗塞心肌是其电生理异常的病理基础,该方法具有较好的重复性,是一种有价值的电生理学研究方法。     

基于小波的心电信号有效性检测方法

目的：检测采集到的信号是否为有效心电信号,提高后续心电诊断和分析的准确率。方法：将采集到的信号进行预处理,即去噪处理,主要抑制基线漂移,50Hz工频及其谐波干扰和肌电干扰;取滑动窗长度为4s,检测该段内信号是否有效。为了验证算法的准确率及对不同心电波形是否具有普遍适用性,对MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database中48个记录,CU及MIT-BIH Noise Stress Test Database中部分记录进行了仿真、验证。结果：仿真实验证明该方法能正确区分有效和无效信号,错检率较低,实现简单,适合实时处理。结论：本方法准确率高,能减少后续心电诊断和分析的计算量并提高准确率,特别是对室颤检测,符合心电分析的要求。     

基于MIT-BIH心律失常数据库的医用生理信号系统的设计

目的:设计一个心电信号研究系统,该系统是远程心电监护仪器研制中的重要组成部分.方法:先用高性能的PC机和高性能的DA转换器搭建一个硬件平台,再以Visual C++6.0为平台,利用面向对象语言编程建立MIT-BIH心电数据库.结果:系统可以对MIT-Bill心电数据库中的心电和呼吸数据进行管理和回放,并建立实验数据平台,来产生模拟的心电、呼吸等生理信号,可用于研发远程心电监护仪器调试使用.结论:可为以后心电信号的研究分析和相关仪器的开发提供了一个优秀的研究平台.     

生物磁的奥秘

生物电流是生命过程中的普遍现象。大脑和神经系统活动、心脏跳动和肌肉运动,都伴随着生物电流。电的流动产生磁,因而有脑电、神经电、心电、肌电,就有脑磁场、神经磁场、心磁场和肌磁场。这些是生命过程中普遍的基本的生物磁现象。 此外,人体组织内含有一些磁性物质。例如血红蛋白、肌红蛋白、铁蛋白中均含有铁;血浆铜蓝蛋     

Sci Rep:研究发现不利用支架也构建出跳动的三维心脏组织

正心脏是非常复杂的。在一项新的研究中,来自加拿大约克大学的研究人员开发出一种方法来构建出同步跳动的三维心脏组织,这将导致更好地理解心脏健康和开发出改进的疗法。相关研究结果近期发表在Scientific Reports期刊上,论文标题为"Scaffold Free Bio-orthogonal Assembly of 3-Dimensional Cardiac Tissue via Cell Surface Engineering"。约克大学化学教授Muhammad Yousaf和他的团队设计出一种方法将三种不同类型的心脏细胞附着在一起,从而制造出同步跳动的心脏组织。在     

温度对荒漠沙蜥心脏活动影响的实验研究

本文通过描记不同温度下荒漠沙晰(Phrynocephalus przewalskii)的心电图(ECG),对其心脏活动进行了分析研究。结果表明:随实验温度的升高,其心电图中各间期的持续时间相应地缩短;温度和各间期值呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。在一个心动周期中,温度的变化,对房室传导时间和静息期的影响最大,而对心室去极化与复极化的时程影响较小。随实验温度的升高,心率随之加快,其因素在于心动周期中静息期和房室传导时间相对值的缩短。     

基于心脏模型推断心肌病理状态的仿真研究

采用有限元方法建立了人体心脏力学模型, 并基于该仿真模型提出了一种无创推断心肌病理状态的新方案,并通过心肌梗塞定位试验加以验证。仿真研究表明这种基于模型参数优化解的方法能将心肌梗塞定位到模型基本单元的空间范围,可用于提取心肌疾病信息。     

除草剂草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂对中华大蟾蜍心电活动的影响

采用生物信号采集处理系统对草甘膦异丙胺盐胁迫条件下中华大蟾蜍(BufogargarizansCantor)的心率和心电活动的相关指标进行了测定和分析。不同浓度的草甘膦异丙胺盐溶液被喷施到中华大蟾蜍的体表,由皮肤进入体内而作用于心脏。试验结果表明:随着草甘膦异丙胺盐处理浓度的增大,中华大蟾蜍的心率减慢,心电图中P波、R波和T波的电压峰值降低,而P-R间期、QRS期和Q-T间期的时值延长。草甘膦异丙胺盐胁迫条件下,蟾蜍心率与心电图的各项指标有显著相关性,可用多元线性回归模型分别对蟾蜍心率与心电图中P、R、T波和P-R、QRS、Q-T间期的相关关系进行拟合。多元回归分析结果表明,蟾蜍心电图中Q-T间期值对心率的影响最大,可以推断草甘膦异丙胺盐主要是通过延长蟾蜍心电活动周期中Q-T间期时值即心室收缩期而延长心动周期,导致蟾蜍心率减慢。由此可见草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂的喷施对中华大蟾蜍心脏的电活动周期和机械活动周期均造成了一定影响。     

Cardiac mechanical efficiency is preserved in primary cardiac hypertrophy despite impaired mechanical function

Increased heart size is a major risk factor for heart failure and premature mortality. Although abnormal heart growth subsequent to hypertension often accompanies disturbances in mechano-energetics and cardiac efficiency, it remains uncertain whether hypertrophy is their primary driver. In this study, we aimed to investigate the direct association between cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac mechano-energetics using isolated left-ventricular trabeculae from a rat model of primary cardiac hypertrophy and its control. We evaluated energy expenditure (heat output) and mechanical performance (force length work production) simultaneously at a range of preloads and afterloads in a microcalorimeter, we determined energy expenditure related to cross-bridge cycling and Ca²⁺ cycling (activation heat), and we quantified energy efficiency. Rats with cardiac hypertrophy exhibited increased cardiomyocyte length and width. Their trabeculae showed mechanical impairment, evidenced by lower force production, extent and kinetics of shortening, and work output. Lower force was associated with lower energy expenditure related to Ca²⁺ cycling and to cross-bridge cycling. However, despite these changes, both mechanical and cross-bridge energy efficiency were unchanged. Our results show that cardiac hypertrophy is associated with impaired contractile performance and with preservation of energy efficiency. These findings provide direction for future investigations targeting metabolic and Ca²⁺ disturbances underlying cardiac mechanical and energetic impairment in primary cardiac hypertrophy.     

The physiological role of cardiac cytoskeleton and its alterations in heart failure

Cardiac muscle cells are equipped with specialized biochemical machineries for the rapid generation of force and movement central to the work generated by the heart. During each heart beat cardiac muscle cells perceive and experience changes in length and load, which reflect one of the fundamental principles of physiology known as the Frank–Starling law of the heart. Cardiac muscle cells are unique mechanical stretch sensors that allow the heart to increase cardiac output, and adjust it to new physiological and pathological situations. In the present review we discuss the mechano-sensory role of the cytoskeletal proteins with respect to their tight interaction with the sarcolemma and extracellular matrix. The role of contractile thick and thin filament proteins, the elastic protein titin, and their anchorage at the Z-disc and M-band, with associated proteins are reviewed in physiologic and pathologic conditions leading to heart failure. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Reciprocal influences between cell cytoskeleton and membrane channels, receptors and transporters. Guest Editor: Jean Claude Hervé     

A modified Zeeman model for producing HRV signals and its application to ECG signal generation

Developing a mathematical model for the artificial generation of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is a subject that has been widely investigated. One of the challenges is to generate ECG signals with a wide range of waveforms, power spectra and variations in heart rate variability (HRV)--all of which are important indexes of human heart functions. In this paper we present a comprehensive model for generating such artificial ECG signals. We incorporate into our model the effects of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, Mayer waves and the important very low-frequency component in the power spectrum of HRV. We use a new modified Zeeman model for generating the time series for HRV, and a single cycle of ECG is produced by using a simple neural network. The importance of the work is the model's ability to produce artificial ECG signals that resemble experimental recordings under various physiological conditions. As such the model provides a useful tool to simulate and analyse the main characteristics of ECG, such as its power spectrum and HRV under different conditions. Potential applications of this model include using the generated ECG as a flexible signal source to assess the effectiveness of a diagnostic ECG signal-processing device.     

Lrrc10 is required for early heart development and function in zebrafish

Leucine-rich Repeat Containing protein 10 (LRRC10) has recently been identified as a cardiac-specific factor in mice. However, the function of this factor remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the developmental roles of Lrrc10 using zebrafish as an animal model. Knockdown of Lrrc10 in zebrafish embryos (morphants) using morpholinos caused severe cardiac morphogenic defects including a cardiac looping failure accompanied by a large pericardial edema, and embryonic lethality between day 6 and 7 post fertilization. The Lrrc10 morphants exhibited cardiac functional defects as evidenced by a decrease in ejection fraction and cardiac output. Further investigations into the underlying mechanisms of the cardiac defects revealed that the number of cardiomyocyte was reduced in the morphants. Expression of two cardiac genes was deregulated in the morphants including an increase in atrial natriuretic factor, a hallmark for cardiac hypertrophy and failure, and a decrease in cardiac myosin light chain 2, an essential protein for cardiac contractility in zebrafish. Moreover, a reduced fluorescence intensity from NADH in the morphant heart was observed in live zebrafish embryos as compared to control. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that Lrrc10 is necessary for normal cardiac development and cardiac function in zebrafish embryos, which will enhance our understanding of congenital heart defects and heart disease.     

Treatment options in end-stage heart failure: where to go from here?

Chronic heart failure is a major healthcare problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite significant progress in treatment strategies, the prognosis of heart failure patients remains poor. The golden standard treatment for heart failure is heart transplantation after failure of medical therapy, surgery and/or cardiac resynchronisation therapy. In order to improve patients' outcome and quality of life, new emerging treatment modalities are currently being investigated, including mechanical cardiac support devices, of which the left ventricular assist device is the most promising treatment option. Structured care for heart failure patients according to the most recent international heart failure guidelines may further contribute to optimal decision-making. This article will review the conventional and novel treatment modalities of heart failure.     

Overlapping Cardiac Programs in Heart Development and Regeneration

Gaining cellular and molecular insights into heart development and regeneration will likely provide new therapeutic targets and opportunities for cardiac regenerative medicine,one of the most urgent clinical needs for heart failure.Here we present a review on zebrafish heart development and regeneration,with a particular focus on early cardiac progenitor development and their contribution to building embryonic heart,as well as cellular and molecular programs in adult zebrafish heart regeneration.We attempt to emphasize that the signaling pathways shaping cardiac progenitors in heart development may also be redeployed during the progress of adult heart regeneration.A brief perspective highlights several important and promising research areas in this exciting field.     

Myocardial oxygen consumption and mechanical efficiency of a perfused dogfish heart preparation

Summary Oxygen consumption of an in-pericardium heart preparation from the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) was linearly related to cardiac power output. Basal oxygen consumption, predicted from the regression, was 0.127 l · s^-1 · g ventricle mass^-1 and increased by 0.189 l · s^-1 · g ventricle mass^-1 per milliwatt of power generated. From the relationship between cardiac power output and mechanical efficiency, mechanical efficiency was predicted to increase with cardiac power output to a maximum of 21 %. Mechanical efficiency was measured during volume loading and pressure loading at two power outputs (50% and 72% of maximum power output). At 50% of maximum power output, mechanical efficiency increased significantly by 2.87%, from 11.9±0.3% to 14.8±0.5% (n=7), when flow was halved and output pressure doubled to achieve the same power output. Similarly, at 72% of maximum power output, mechanical efficiency increased from 14.74±0.92% to 17.61±0.84% (n=6) when flow was halved and output pressure doubled to generate the same higher level of power output. The increased mechanical efficiency at higher output pressures is believed to result from cardiac myocytes working within a length range where they are able to generate the most tension during contraction and are most efficient. We speculate that the loss of mechanical efficiency associated with large changes in sarcomere length, when stroke volume is large, is a driving force behind the use of frequency as the principal means of increasing cardiac output as observed in more active fishes, birds and mammals.Abbreviations BM body mass - CO cardiac output - HR heart rate - P _i mean cardiac input pressure - P _o mean cardiac output pressure - PO partial pressure of oxygen - SV stroke volume of heart - VM ventricle mass