α-螺旋跨膜蛋白拓扑结构预测方法的评价

在基因组数据中,有20%～30%的产物被预测为跨膜蛋白,本文通过对膜蛋白拓扑结构预测方法进行分析,并评价其结果,为选择更合适的拓扑结构预测方法预测膜蛋白结构。通过对目前已有的拓扑结构预测方法的评价分析,可以为我们在实际工作中提供重要的参考。比如对一个未知拓扑结构的跨膜蛋白序列,我们可以先进行是否含有信号肽的预测,参考Polyphobius和SignalP两种方法,若两种方法预测结果不一致,综合上述对两种方法的评价,Polyphobius预测的综合能力较好,可取其预测的结果,一旦确定含有信号肽,则N端必然位于膜外侧。然后结合序列的长度,判断蛋白是单跨膜还是多重跨膜,即可参照上述评价结果,选择合适的拓扑结构预测方法进行预测。     

用模式识别方法预测膜蛋白RC、BR和RH的二级结构

膜蛋白的结构预测在目前比较困难.本文利用已建立的模式识别方法预测了三个典型的膜蛋白RC,BR和RH的二级结构,预测结果与实验资料的符合率与该方法用于球蛋白时的结果相仿,是成功的.本文进一步完善了模式识别预测蛋白质二级结构的方法.建立了针对球蛋白二级结构预测的多分类方法,预测精度大于60%.事实证明这是一种较好的结构预测方法,鉴于目前国内外运用模式识别方法进行结构预测研究的还不多见,我们拟进一步发展完善这一方法.     

简单的一致性方法预测蛋白质二级结构

蛋白质二级结构预测对于我们了解蛋白质空间结构是至关重要的一步。文章提出了一种简单的二级结构预测方法,该方法采用多数投票法将现有的3种较好的二级结构预测方法的预测结果汇集形成一致性预测结果。从PDB数据库中随机选取近两年新测定结构的57条相似性小于30%的蛋白质,对该方法的预测结果进行测试,其Q3准确率比3种独立的方法提高了1.12—2.29%,相关系数及SOV准确率也有相应的提高。并且各项准确率均比同样采用一致性方法的Jpred二级结构预测程序准确率要高。这种预测方法虽然原理简单,但无须使用额外的参数,计算量小,易于实现,最重要的前提就是必须选用目前准确性比较出色的蛋白质二级结构预测方法。     

用神经网络法预测膜蛋白RH和BR的二级结构

膜蛋白的结构预测目前还十分困难.本文以两个典型的膜蛋白为选材,用神经网络方法对其二级结构做了预测.预测结果与实验资料的符合率与该方法用于球蛋白时的结果一致,因此是较好的.鉴于目前还没有人将此方法用于膜蛋白的结构预测.我们拟进一步发展此方法.     

冻干青春型双歧杆菌DM8504存活期的加速预测

本文介绍了加速贮存实验预测冻干活菌制品存活期的方法,并用此法对冻干青春型双歧杆菌ＤＭ８５０４的存活期进行了预测。结果表明,预测结果与实验测试结果非常接近,两者没有显著性统计学差异,笔者认为加速贮存实验法是预测冻干活菌稳定性的一种快速而可行的方法。     

金融机具销售组合预测方法的研究与应用

本文以省科学技术基金项目＂企业市场预测系统的研究＂为依托,以鞍山某金融机具公司为背景,对金融机具销售组合预测进行了深入的研究.首先,应用定量和定性预测方法进行单项预测,然后应用组合预测方法进一步修正预测值,最后运用定性影响因素修正定量预测结果.并且应用此方法对JL302微型纸币清分机2009年销售量进行预测,结果表明此方法优于以往各种方法.用定性修正定量的方法更适用于金融机具产品的销售量预测.     

基于支持向量机方法的蛋白质氨基酸残基可溶性预测

按照蛋白质序列中残基的相对可溶性,将其分为两类(表面/内部)和三类(表面/中间/内部)进行预测.选择不同窗宽和参数对数据进行训练和预测,以确保得到最好的分类效果,并同其他已有方法进行比较.对同一数据集不同分类阈值的预测结果显示,支持向量机方法对蛋白质可溶性的整体预测效果优于神经网络和信息论的方法.其中,对两类数据的最优分类结果达到79.0%,对三类数据的最优分类结果达到67.5%,表明支持向量机是蛋白质残基可溶性预测的一种有效方法.     

基于神经网络的异位妊娠发病率发展趋势研究

本文阐述了ＢＰ神经网络的基本算法,并根据近十年来搜集整理的异位妊娠发病率的统计资料;采用 ＢＰ神经网络对异位妊娠的发病率的发展趋势进行预测;预测结果和实际结果比较吻合．进一步指出了神经网络可作为一种新的预测方法．     

基于进化足迹法结合位置打分函数的转录因子结合位点预测

目的:预测转录因子结合位点。方法:本文从ABS数据库上下载了人类和啮齿类动物的直系同源的启动子序列,首先使用位置打分函数对这些启动子序列进行打分,找到候选的转录因子结合位点,并进一步利用进化足迹法对这些候选的转录因子结合位点进行筛选,只有结合位点同时出现在人类和啮齿类动物的启动子序列才认为是真正的结合位点。结果:在对人类和啮齿类动物进行转录因子结合位点预测时,与单独使用打分函数的结果相比,进化足迹法与打分函数结合的方法有效的提高了预测结果的性能,大幅度提供所得预测结果的特异性。结论:进化足迹法结合位置打分矩阵的方法能较为准确有效的预测转录因子结合位点。     

基于支持向量机方法的蛋白可溶性预测

按照蛋白质序列中残基的相对可溶性,将其分为两类(表面／内部)和三类(表面／中间／内部)进行预测。选择不同窗宽和参数对数据进行训练和预测,以确保得到最好的分类效果,并同其他已有方法进行比较。对同一数据集不同分类阈值的预测结果显示,支持向量机方法对蛋白质可溶性的整体预测效果优于神经网络和信息论的方法。其中,对两类数据的最优分类结果达到79．0％,对三类数据的最优分类结果达到67．5％,表明支持向量机是蛋白质残基可溶性预测的一种有效方法。     

2009年全国其他感染性腹泻报告病例分析

目的了解我国2009年其他感染性腹泻的流行特点和病原学信息,提出改善建议,为更好的控制其他感染性腹泻病的流行提供数据支持。方法收集中国疾病控制信息系统"疾病监测信息报告管理系统"中2009年其他感染性腹泻的病例报告,对其流行病学及病原学信息进行描述性统计分析。结果 2009年全国共报告655 965例其他感染性腹泻病例,其中≤5岁儿童分别占报告总病例的50.38%和死亡病例的70.0%。实验室确诊病例占报告病例数的5.04%,其中病毒性感染占92.79%,细菌性感染占6.92%。结论≤5岁的散居儿童应为其他感染性腹泻的重点监测人群。其他感染性腹泻报告病例中约有95%为临床诊断病例。我国其他感染性腹泻的病原学诊断率及病原学诊断结果的报告率亟待提高。     

The role of glucolipid in the biosynthesis of glycoprotein in Tetrahymena pyriformis

Cell-free preparations from Tetrahymena pyriformis catalyze the incorporation of glucose from UDP-glucose into a glucolipid having properties which are identical to those of other dolichyl phosphoryl sugar derivatives. Kinetic and other experiments have provided evidence that this glucolipid serves as glucose donor for two other types of glucosylated substances, one of which has been tentatively identified as an oligosaccharide lipid and the other a glycoprotein or glycoproteins. In addition, the partially purified glucolipid served as a glucosyl donor to these cell components, suggesting that in this protozoan, at least part of the glycoprotein is synthesized by reactions involving lipid-linked sugars in a manner analogous to that which has been observed in glycoprotein synthesis in mammalian cells.     

Functional divergence in the glutathione transferase superfamily in plants. Identification of two classes with putative functions in redox homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana

Searches with the human Omega glutathione transferase (GST) identified two outlying groups of the GST superfamily in Arabidopsis thaliana which differed from all other plant GSTs by containing a cysteine in place of a serine at the active site. One group consisted of four genes, three of which encoded active glutathione-dependent dehydroascorbate reductases (DHARs). Two DHARs were predicted to be cytosolic, whereas the other contained a chloroplast targeting peptide. The DHARs were also active as thiol transferases but had no glutathione conjugating activity. Unlike most other GSTs, DHARs were monomeric. The other class of GST comprised two genes termed the Lambda GSTs (GSTLs). The recombinant GSTLs were also monomeric and had glutathione-dependent thiol transferase activity. One GSTL was cytosolic, whereas the other was chloroplast-targeted. When incubated with oxidized glutathione, the putative active site cysteine of the GSTLs and cytosolic DHARs formed mixed disulfides with glutathione, whereas the plastidic DHAR formed an intramolecular disulfide. DHAR S-glutathionylation was consistent with a proposed catalytic mechanism for dehydroascorbate reduction. Roles for the cytosolic DHARs and GSTLs as antioxidant enzymes were also inferred from the induction of the respective genes following exposure to chemicals and oxidative stress.     

中国轮藻植物区系研究

中国轮藻植物有13种分布区类型,其中以中国特有分布占绝对优势,其它分布类型所占比例较低,说明中国轮藻植物与其它地区轮藻植物联系较少。丽藻属有10种分布区类型,缺少温带特性的分布区类型,如北温带分布、旧世界温带分布,其它分布区类型显示丽藻属主要分布在热带和亚热带地区,而轮藻属有13种分布区类型,温带特性的分布区类型所占比例较高,如旧世界温带分布,其它分布区类型显示轮藻属主要分布在温带地区。     

Skeletal pathology in Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii in Kibale National Park, Uganda

The ecological pressures shaping chimpanzee anatomy and behavior are the subject of much discussion in primatology and paleoanthropology, yet empirical data on fundamental parameters including body size, morbidity, and mortality are rare for wild chimpanzees. Here, we present skeletal pathology and body size data for 20 (19 crania, 12 postcrania) chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) from Kibale National Park, Uganda. We compare these data with other East African populations, especially Gombe National Park. Estimated body size for Kibale chimpanzees was similar to other East African populations and significantly larger than Gombe chimpanzees. The high rates of trauma and other skeletal pathology evident in the Kibale chimpanzee skeletons were similar to those in the Gombe skeletal sample. Much of the major skeletal trauma in the Kibale skeletons was attributable to falls, although other pathologies were noted as well, including apparent injuries from snares, degenerative arthritis, and minor congenital abnormalities.     

Changes in iron, calcium, magnesium, copper, and zinc levels in different tissues of riboflavin-deficient rats

To clarify the changes of mineral levels in different tissues of riboflavin-deficient rats, Wistar rats were separated into three groups. One group was fed a diet ad libitum that was deficient in riboflavin. The other two were fed either the complete diet that was weight-matched to the riboflavin-deficient group or fed a complete diet ad libitum. In riboflavin-deficient rats, the hemoglobin concentration and riboflavin contents of blood, liver, and kidney were significantly decreased, compared with weight-matched and ad libitum-fed controls. The mineral concentrations of tissues are summarized as follows: The iron (Fe) concentration in the heart, liver, and spleen was decreased in the riboflavin-deficient group compared with the other groups. Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in tibia were decreased in the riboflavin-deficient group compared with the other two groups. Copper (Cu) concentration was increased in the heart and liver when the riboflavin-deficient group was compared with the other groups. Zinc (Zn) concentration was increased in tibia when the riboflavin-deficient group was compared with the other groups.     

昆虫热休克蛋白的研究概况

所有生物体相应于高温和其它胁迫环境都会产生一特定的被称为热休克蛋白的应急蛋白。该文对国内外有关昆虫热休克蛋白的研究做了简要综述。尽管热休克蛋白是在高温胁迫研究中发现的 ,但是后来发现在低温、氨基酸类似物、低氧、ABA、2 ,4-二氯苯氧乙酸等环境下 ,同样会有热休克蛋白的生成。这一发现暗示着热休克蛋白的功能可能会很多。已经报道的有分子伴侣 ,耐热性 ,耐冷性以及在昆虫发育过程和细胞代谢中生化作用的特殊功能等。     

植物病原丝状真菌G蛋白偶联受体的研究进展

通过对丝状真菌G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)的结构、分类以及功能方面进行综述,以期明确丝状真菌与其他模式生物GPCR之间的关系。基于已报道的模式生物及丝状真菌等不同生物中的GPCR,通过SMART保守结构域分析,以及利用Clustal X、MEGA等软件对上述GPCR进行遗传关系分析。明确丝状真菌典型GPCR具有七跨膜结构域,新型GPCR则含有PIPK、RGS等保守结构域,明确不同学者对于GPCR的分类情况,以及新型GPCR所具有的特殊功能,明确模式生物GPCR、丝状真菌GPCR分别各自聚类。丝状真菌中GPCR的数量较模式生物少,不同分类单元中真菌之间GPCR的数量也不尽相同,同时,丝状真菌GPCR除具有典型的七跨膜结构域外,还含有一些其他保守的结构域,上述研究为进一步开展其功能研究提供重要的理论基础。     

Tissue Distributions of Chlorogenic Acid and of Enzymes Involved in Its Metabolism in Leaves of Sorghum bicolor

The tissue distributions of cholorgenic acid, chlorogenic acid oxidase, and three other enzymes involved in the metabolism of this secondary (natural) product have been investigated in leaf-blades of light-grown seedlings of Sorghum bicolor. Cholorogenic acid was found only in epidermal and mesophyll protoplasts isolated from the leaf; 60% of the chlorogenic was contained in the epidermal fraction. Nearly all (90%) of the chlorogenic acid oxidase was found in the mesophyll protoplasts. The bundle-sheath strands, on the other hand, contained no chlorogenic acid and essentially none of the oxidase. Three other enzymes required for the synthesis of chlorogenic acid, but also for other plant products, were found in all three tissue fractions.