内蒙古额尔登敖包中始新世戈壁兔(哺乳纲:兔形目)新材料(英文)

描述了来自内蒙古二连盆地的戈壁兔新材料,并命名了一个戈壁兔新种Gobiolagus aliwusuensis sp.nov.。化石产于额尔登敖包剖面中阿里乌苏地点,传统地层划分中的下红层,时代约为中始新世。该种具有中等个体,P3主尖前壁具有小的附尖,P4颊侧有两个明显的尖。这些化石材料保存了戈壁兔材料中仅有的完整上齿列,其中的P2和M3形态是首次报道,为了解亚洲早期兔形类的演化增加了新的信息。     

内蒙古二连盆地呼和勃尔和地区壮鼠类化石

描述了产自内蒙古二连盆地呼和勃尔和地区始新世壮鼠类化石,包括呼和勃尔和剖面伊尔丁曼哈组底部的Asiomys dawsoni以及努和廷勃尔和剖面阿山头组底部的Ischyromyidae gen.et sp.indet.。其中Asiomys与其他壮鼠类的区别在于其下颌厚、高;咬肌窝明显、前缘宽,并有较明显的结节;P4无次尖、M1和M2次尖小;后小尖2个;dp4有明显的下次脊、p4无下次脊;下臼齿下原尖后棱长短不一、下次尖与下后齿带相连、下外脊完整、下次脊短。Asiomys的下颌特征与Paramys delicatus相似,门齿釉质层、上臼齿次尖、下臼齿下次脊等结构特征与北美中始新世的壮鼠类相近,与亚洲已知的壮鼠类差别较大。因此,Asiomys是中始新世亚洲与北美大陆哺乳动物之间交流的又一佐证。     

内蒙古脑木根地区渐新世啮齿类及相关地层问题

描述了脑木根敖包顶部岩层中所产的啮齿类化石：阿尔泰查干鼠(Tsaganomys altaicus)和中间圆柱鼠(Cyclomylus intermedius)。脑木根敖包顶部地层最初被归人巴润索组。研究表明该层共含5种哺乳动物化石(Tsaganomys altaicus、Cyclomylus intermedius、Paracerotherium tran-souralicum、Ardynia kaxachstanensis和Etelodn gobiensis），其时代为早渐新世晚期。巴润索组的层型是巴润索平台顶部的砂砾岩，其时代为晚始新世。脑木根敖包顶部岩层不应归人巴润索组，而与额尔登敖包顶部的上脑岗代组在岩性上接近，时代相同，因此应归人上脑岗代组。     

湖北丹江口早始新世梳趾鼠类一新属及伴生哺乳动物化石

描述了湖北省丹江口市均县镇一始新世化石点的3种哺乳动物化石,其中包括梳趾鼠类一新属种：林氏汉南鼠（新属、新种）Hannanomys lini gen. et sp. nov.。根据林氏汉南鼠与其他梳趾鼠类性状对比及该地点动物群组合特点推测其时代为早始新世晚期,与产于玉皇顶组中段的王家营大尖地方动物群的时代相当。该化石点是李官桥盆地中汉江南岸早始新世化石地点的首次发现,它的认定对在此地区寻找古新统/始新统界线有重要意义。     

河南省西部地区鼠类考察报告

1984—1985年,查清豫西鼠形动物共3目9科26种,其中啮齿类古北界种有16种,东洋界种4种,广布种4种;河谷盆地农耕区分布鼠类11种,优势种为黑线姬鼠。丘陵浅山区分布有14种,大仓鼠为优势鼠种。中山深山区生境复杂,分布鼠类20种,主要鼠种为大林姬鼠、岢岚绒鼠、社鼠,三鼠种分别占该生态地貌捕鼠总量的38.7％、17.4％和15.3％;鼠患是近年该区农林业主要灾害之一,鼠类年平均捕获率10—40％左右。     

内蒙古晚始新世兔形类

记述了采自内蒙古二连浩特、额尔登敖包、扎木敖包和豪斯布尔都等地上始新统的兔形类化石:Desmatolagus vetustus、Gobiolagus tolmachovi和Leporidae indet.。对前两种以前未知的部分作了补充描述。着重讨论了额尔登敖包地点的“下白层”的归属和时代,认为它属乌兰戈楚组,时代为晚始新世。     

硅藻鼠科(哺乳纲,啮齿目)与亚洲中始新世啮齿类的双脊齿(英文)

亚洲特有的啮齿类硅藻鼠科自渐新世以来分布于东亚和南亚。现生硅藻鼠类的分布只限于老挝的喀斯特地区。就目前所知,这些具有豪猪型头骨-松鼠型下颌的啮齿类的颊齿都是不同程度的横向双脊齿。时代最早的硅藻鼠类产于巴基斯坦渐新世地层中,其颊齿的双脊齿构造上仍保留齿尖残迹,基本符合双脊齿型牙齿结构。至渐新世末期,硅藻鼠科的牙齿出现分化。中新世及以后硅藻鼠类的化石记录相对较少。分子生物学证据将硅藻鼠类归入Ctenohystrica,这种归属也从始新世梳趾鼠类的臼齿形态上得到一定的支持。除此之外,有关硅藻鼠类的起源问题几乎一无所知。亚洲中始新世的Hydentomys臼齿表现出轻微的双脊型,然而其他方面却与硅藻鼠类不同。另一个具双脊齿的啮齿类Dolosimus(新属)产于江苏中始新世,其具有更为发育的双脊齿,特别是臼齿型下牙。新属的不完整记录及其形态不能解决如下问题:它是否与后来出现的像硅藻鼠类和跃兔类这些具有明显双脊齿型颊齿的啮齿类有亲缘关系,或者只是这种形态发育中没有留下后继者的早期试验品。     

论额尔登敖包下第三系——兼论湖牧兽在该地之发现

内蒙古沙拉木伦地区额尔登敖包下第三系剖面为亚洲下第三系最佳剖面之一。但过去的地层研究过于简单,有关地层层位的时代不准确,因此,对其进行全面的认识实有必要。湖牧兽(Pastoralodon lacustris)仅发现于脑木根组,而从未在其它下第三系层位中发现过。因而,在额尔登敖包地区发现的湖牧兽表明这一地区并不存在中始新世阿山头组,而早始新世巴彦乌兰层的存在则是确凿无疑的。     

禄丰古猿地点的猪尾鼠类化石

本文记述亚洲首次发现的猪尾鼠类化石。材料系1983年于云南禄丰古猿地点最晚中新世石灰坝组采集到的,计有代表两属三种——Platacanthomys dianensis sp.nov.,Typhlomysprimitivus sp.nov.和T.hipparionum sp.nov.的百余枚牙齿。文中除对新种的形态作了描述和对比外,还对猪尾鼠类的分类位置及系统发育作了探讨。     

内蒙古晚始新世的仓鼠化石

描述了产自内蒙古晚始新世地层中的3属5种仓鼠化石(Pappocricetodon antiquus,Pap- pocricetodon sp.,Pappocricetodon?sp.,Eocricetodon borealis sp.nov.和Oxynocricetodon erenensis sp.nov.),建立了Eocricetodon和Oxynocricetodon两个新属。Eocricetodon属的特点是:齿尖较钝,横脊较细;M1前叶中等大小,前边尖单一,原尖前臂伸达前边尖,原脊与原尖后臂连,后脊与次尖连;m1三角座特别短而窄等。Eocricetodon borealis的特点是:M1前叶相对更细窄,具明显的原小尖。m1下原尖和下后尖位置彼此相对,m1和m2的下次脊与下次尖连等。Oxynocricetodon属的主要特征为:颊齿具相对较细锐的主尖和较细长的横脊;上臼齿原脊和后脊均为前连;M1前叶较大;前边尖孤立;原尖前臂不伸达前边尖等。Oxynocricetodon erenensis的特征主要是:M1前边尖为较大的新月形;无中脊和中附尖;M1和M2无原尖后臂;M3较少退化等。对早期仓鼠的演化趋势作了归纳和补充。讨论了产仓鼠化石地点的地层的时代,认为额尔登敖包的乌兰戈楚组的"下白层"的时代较二连浩特的呼尔井组的稍早,为晚始新世的较早期,而呼尔井组的时代为晚始新世的较晚期。     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.