重组菌产碱性果胶酯裂解酶酶学性质研究

利用盐析-透析-色谱流程建立快速高效纯化工程菌E.coli JM109(pHsh PL)所产碱性果胶酯裂解酶(PL)的方法,纯化后酶达到电泳纯,比酶活为1079U/mg.重组菌所产PL酶促反应适宜的pH为9～10,适宜温度为50～66 ℃,与酶基因来源野生菌所产PL相比,重组菌所产PL适宜pH范围有所扩大,并保持了野生菌PL的热稳定性.通过金属离子种类、浓度及存在时间对PL酶活力影响考察发现:在考察的离子中除Mg2 对酶活有较好的促进作用外,其余对重组菌PL均有抑制作用,其中Fe2 对酶活力抑制作用最强.该酶的Km值为20.93 mg/L,Vmax为105.3 μmol/min,反应活化能Ea为21.74 kJ/mol.对重组菌所产PL热稳定动力学进行分析,发现有底物情况下的失活常数kd(0.02 min-1)小于无底物情况下的失活常数kd(0.0342 min-1),说明当酶与底物结合形成复合物时对酶活具有保护作用.利用HPLC-ESI-MS对重组菌所产PL酶解产物进行测定发现,产物含有不饱和二聚半乳糖醛酸(m/z 350.82)和不饱和三聚半乳糖醛酸(m/z 527.04),同时测定结果中没有发现不饱和半乳糖醛酸单体(m/z 175),可以初步推测重组菌PL不能以不饱和二聚半乳糖醛酸和不饱和三聚半乳糖醛酸为底物进一步裂解.     

M-26碱性木聚糖酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

从Bacillus pumilus M-26发酵液中分离纯化碱性木聚糖酶,进行酶学性质研究,同时制备工业用碱性木聚糖酶制剂。首先将M-26发酵液进行硫酸铵盐析,制备工业用碱性木聚糖酶干品;然后进行sephadexG-25层析脱盐和cellulose DE-52层析得以纯化。硫酸铵的饱和度50%,酶制剂的酶活可达9 000 IU/g,收率为85%;分离纯化使酶的比活为126.32 IU/mg蛋白,纯化倍数为19.89,酶的回收率12.83%;分子量约为20 ku;M-26碱性木聚糖酶的最适温度和pH分别是55℃和pH 8.0,具有一定的耐碱性;该酶无纤维素酶活性,Fe2＋对其有激活作用;Mn2＋、Zn2＋、Fe3＋、Cu2＋对其具有抑制作用。短小芽胞杆菌M-26碱性木聚糖酶具有纸浆生物漂白应用前景。     

海栖热袍杆菌来源的极耐热碱性果胶裂解酶的表达、纯化及定性

将来源于极端嗜热菌属海栖热袍杆菌Thermotoga maritima MSB8的编码碱性果胶裂解酶的结构基因pelA与新型热激质粒pHsh连接, 得到重组质粒pHsh-pelA, 运用mRNA二级结构预测软件对pHsh-pelA的翻译起始区的二级结构进行优化, 得到了具有最佳mRNA二级结构及自由能的质粒pHsh-pelC。将重组质粒pHsh-pelC转入大肠杆菌JM109(DE3)进行表达, 得到了一种极耐热性碱性果胶裂解酶(PelC)。对重组酶的酶学性质研究发现, 该酶的最适反应温度为90oC, 最适反应pH为8.5, 在pH 8.2~9.8之间酶活力稳定, 95oC酶活半衰期为2 h, 并且该酶依赖Ca2+作为活性离子。在工业生产常用温度60oC下, 该酶能够长时间保持稳定, 并具有较高的酶活力。以多聚半乳糖醛酸(PGA)为底物时, 其动力学参数Km值为0.11 mmol/L, Vmax值为327 U/mg。SDS-PAGE结果显示该重组酶的分子量为43 kD, 与理论值相符。基于热激载体pHsh的重组表达系统具有诱导表达简便、诱导方式廉价的优点, 且重组酶热稳定性非常好, 这对该酶的大规模发酵应用具有重要意义。     

假单胞菌碱性木聚糖酶的纯化及性质

假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)G62可产生两种胞外木聚糖酶,即XynA和XynB。经过硫酸铵沉淀、阴离子和阳离子交换层析、分子筛色谱,最终得到 两种电泳纯酶。XynA的分子量及等电点分别为42kD和91,XynB的分子量和等电点分别是 20kD和88。经薄层色谱分析证明,两酶以不同的方式水解木聚糖,但都不产生木糖,即 两酶都为内切酶,它们的最适作用温度均为50℃。XynA的最适作用pH为7.0～9.8,而XynB的为7.0～7.5。在65℃时的半寿期XynA为6 min,XynB为140 min。XynA的Km和Vmax分别是5.56 mg·ml-1和543μmol·min-1·mg-1,XynB的Km和Vmax分别是7.72 mg·ml-1和819μmol·min-1·mg-1。两酶受Cu2+、Fe3+、Pb2+、Zn2+和Hg2+强烈抑制。化学修饰的初步结果表明,两酶的活性位点氨基酸均含有色氨酸和羧基氨基酸。     

假单胞杆菌D-海因酶的纯化及酶学性质

D-海因酶是工业上生产D-型氨基酸的关键酶,用热变性,硫酸铵沉淀及Sepharose Q fast flow,Phenyl-Sepharose fast flow,Superose 12等柱层析步骤从pseudomonas2262菌体中分离纯化了该酶,纯化倍数约为60,活力回收约为16%.该酶为同源二聚体,分子量约为109kD,亚基分子量约为53.7kD,反应最适pH为8.0,最适温度为70℃,在pH6.0～10.0和温度60℃以下稳定,该酶对巯基试剂敏感,大多数二价金属离子如镁、锰离子等能促使酶活提高,但高浓度锌离子能抑制酶活,以二氢尿嘧啶为底物的米氏常数Km=2.5×10-2mol/L.该酶的N末端10个氨基酸残基依次为MDKLIKNGTI.     

地衣芽孢杆菌TG116胞外蛋白酶产酶条件与酶学性质

【背景】从独角莲中分离得到的地衣芽孢杆菌TG116是一株对植物病原菌具有广谱抗性作用的生防菌株。【目的】优化TG116的产酶条件并探索其酶学性质,进一步了解其抗菌机制。【方法】采用Folin-Phenol显色法与响应曲面法,优化菌株TG116的产酶条件并研究其蛋白酶的酶学性质。【结果】菌株TG116产酶最适条件为:温度40.83°C,p H 8.01,发酵时间53.74 h,增加通气量可以显著提高酶活力。按照优化后的条件培养48 h后,上清液蛋白酶活力从57.46 U/mL达到了254.07 U/mL。酶学性质研究表明:该酶为碱性蛋白酶,最适反应pH为8.5,最适反应温度为50°C,具有良好的温度和pH稳定性,EDTA对酶活具有强烈的抑制作用,金属离子Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Na~+、Co~(2+)、K~+等对酶活也具有一定的抑制作用。【结论】菌株TG116具有良好的p H与温度稳定性,在实际应用中蛋白酶不易失活,可以分解真菌的细胞壁蛋白成分,破坏细胞壁结构,从而抑制甚至杀死病原菌,达到抗菌作用。     

嗜冷枯草芽孢杆菌低温脂肪酶纯化与酶学性质研究

从筛选出的产低温脂肪酶的菌株发酵液中,经硫铵沉淀、疏水色谱和阴离子交换色谱纯化得到电泳纯酶。酶的最适作用温度为25℃,0℃以下仍可保持25%左右的相对酶活;在pH5.8～8.8的范围内有较高活力,其最适作用pH为7.8;对热很敏感,在60℃保温30min活性即全部丧失,具有典型的低温脂肪酶特征;酶催化不需要金属离子的参与,结构中可能含有二硫键。在25℃,pH8.0测得酶水解反应的Km值为2.65×10-5mol/L,Vmax值为5.21mmol/(L.min)。     

假单胞杆菌D-海因酶的纯化及酶学性质

D 海因酶是工业上生产D 型氨基酸的关键酶 ,用热变性 ,硫酸铵沉淀及SepharoseQfastflow ,Phenyl Sepharosefastflow ,Superose 1 2等柱层析步骤从Pseudomonas 2 2 62菌体中分离纯化了该酶 ,纯化倍数约为 60 ,活力回收约为 1 6%。该酶为同源二聚体 ,分子量约为 1 0 9kD ,亚基分子量约为 53 7kD ,反应最适pH为 8 0 ,最适温度为 70℃ ,在pH6.0～ 1 0 0和温度 60℃以下稳定 ,该酶对巯基试剂敏感 ,大多数二价金属离子如镁、锰离子等能促使酶活提高 ,但高浓度锌离子能抑制酶活 ,以二氢尿嘧啶为底物的米氏常数Km =2 .5× 1 0 - 2 mol L。该酶的N末端1 0个氨基酸残基依次为MDKLIKNGTI     

枯草芽孢杆菌中怀植酸酶的纯化和酶学性质

从土壤中分离到了产中性植酸酶的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株并对所产植酸酶进行了分离纯化,此中性植酸酶的反应最适pH为7．5,最适温度为55度,在37度下以植酸钠为底物的Km值为0．19mmol/L,植酸酶活性依赖Ca^2 的存在,酶蛋白的分子量大小约为45kD,纯酶蛋白N端序列为Lys-His-Lys-Leu-Ser-Asp-Pro-Tyr-His-Phe-Thr。     

黑曲霉纤维素酶的纯化及酶学性质研究

黑曲霉(Aspergillusniger)固态发酵后粗酶液经硫酸铵盐析,2次SephadexG-200柱层析后可提纯8倍左右.CMC酶最适作用温度为60℃,最适作用pH为3.5,30℃～70℃区间酶活力较稳定,在pH3.0～5.0范围内,50℃保温30min能保持80%的酶活力.CMC酶的Km、Vmax值分别为7.69%CMCg/ml、0.33mg/ml·     

碱性果胶裂解酶摇瓶发酵条件的研究

利用碱性果胶裂解酶生产菌株Bacillus subtilis WSH02-02进行摇瓶发酵优化,确定了最适种子斜面培养基、种子摇瓶培养基和发酵摇瓶培养基等培养条件,经14h的摇瓶发酵,酶活最高达到8．29U／mL。     

Purification and characterization of alginate lyase from marine Vibrio sp. YWA

Extracellular alginate lyase secreted by marine Vibrio sp.YWA,isolated from decayedLaminaria japonica,was purified by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation and diethylaminoethyl-Sephacel column chromatography.The results show that the molecular mass of alginate lyase wasapproximately 62.5 kDa,with an optimal pH and temperature at pH 7.0 and 25℃,respectively.K_m wasapproximately 72.73 g/L.The activity of the enzyme was enhanced by EDTA and Zn~(2 ),but inhibited by Ba~(2 ).The substrates specificity analysis shows that it was specific for hydrolyzing poly-β-D-1,4-mannuronate inalginate.     

碱性果胶酶高产菌株的构建和高密度发酵

碱性果胶酶可用于苎麻脱胶和棉织物前处理的精练工艺,与传统的高温碱煮相比,具有保护纤维、降低能耗和化学污染的优势,因此获得高表达的碱性果胶酶基因工程菌,低成本生产碱性果胶酶对于纺织工业节能减排具有重要的意义。前期研究工作已经将来源于枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis 168的碱性果胶酶基因pel经过密码子优化后在毕赤酵母Pichia pastoris GS115中成功表达。本研究为了提高其表达量,首先利用启动子和信号肽都优化的载体pHBM905BDM进行表达,摇瓶酶活从68 U/mL增加到100 U/mL,qPCR检测转录水平提高了27%。再利用果胶底物平板筛选水解圈大的转化子进行摇瓶发酵获得菌株GS115-pHBM905BDM-pels4,摇瓶酶活为536 U/mL。随后构建重组质粒pPIC9K-pels,电转化菌株GS115-pHBM905BDM-pels4,利用抗生素G418平板进行筛选,在含4 mg/mL的G418抗性平板上得到菌株GS115-pHBM905BDM-pPIC9K-pels1,摇瓶酶活为770 U/mL,qPCR测定含7个拷贝目的基因。最后将该菌株在5 L的发酵罐中进行高密度发酵,果胶酶酶活提高至2 271 U/mL。该碱性果胶酶酶活已达到目前酵母表达的最高水平,说明其具有很好的应用于纺织工业的潜力。     

高产碱性果胶酶基因工程菌的发酵条件的优化

为了提高碱性果胶酶基因工程菌(pWB980-pel521/WB600)产酶能力,实验室在摇瓶条件下采用Plackett-Burman (P-B) 方法筛选出对产酶有重要影响的3个因素(豆饼粉、磷酸盐以及氯化钠的添加量),并采用响应面试验设计(RSM) 对重要因素进行优化.结果表明,摇瓶发酵培养基成分为:麸皮30.00 ...     

Characterization and high-level expression of a metagenome-derived alkaline pectate lyase in recombinant Escherichia coli

Alkaline pectate lyases (PLs) play an important role in mild and eco-friendly bioscouring pretreatment processes in the textile industry. However, to date, only a few PLs can be applied in industrial-scale production, and many of them exhibit high production cost, low activity, and/or do not meet the treatment requirements. In this study, an alkaline PL gene was cloned from the metagenomic DNA of alkaline environment soils. The gene pelB consisted of 1263 nucleotides and encoded a mature protein (PelB) of 399 amino acids, which was expressed in Escherichia coli. The maximum catalytic activity of the enzyme exhibited a bimodal distribution at pH 8.1 and 9.8 and an optimal temperature of 55 °C. The K_m and V_max values of PelB were 1.78 g/L and 1084.8 μmol/(L min) at 45 °C, respectively. Substrate specificity analysis demonstrated the high cleavage capability of PelB on a broad range of substrates of natural methylated pectin. Based on the degradation products, PelB was considered to be an endo-acting lyase. Using high-cell-density cultivation in 7-L bioreactor, the highest PL activity (1816.2 U/mL) was achieved. Thus, the recombinant PelB, with promising properties for use in bioscouring in the textile pretreatment process, should be a potential enzyme for industrial applications.     

Purification and characterization of a novel alginate lyase from the marine bacterium Cobetia sp. NAP1 isolated from brown algae

The application of marine resources, instead of fossil fuels, for biomass production is important for building a sustainable society. Seaweed is valuable as a source of marine biomass for producing biofuels such as ethanol, and can be used in various fields. Alginate is an anionic polysaccharide that forms the main component of brown algae. Various alginate lyases (e.g. exo- and endo-types and oligoalginate lyase) are generally used to degrade alginate. We herein describe a novel alginate lyase, AlgC-PL7, which belongs to the polysaccharide lyase 7 family. AlgC-PL7 was isolated from the halophilic Gram-negative bacterium Cobetia sp. NAP1 collected from the brown algae Padina arborescens Holmes. The optimal temperature and pH for AlgC-PL7 activity were 45 °C and 8, respectively. Additionally, AlgC-PL7 was thermostable and salt-tolerant, exhibited broad substrate specificity, and degraded alginate into monosaccharides. Therefore, AlgC-PL7 is a promising enzyme for the production of biofuels.     

Expression and thermostability of Paenibacillus campinasensis BL11 pectate lyase and its applications in bast fibre processing

An open reading frame (ORF) with 963 nucleotides from Paenibacillus campinasensis BL11 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. It encodes a pectate lyase (EC 4.2.2.2) of 35.6 kDa, denominated Pel‐BL11. The recombinant Pel‐BL11 was fused with His‐tag and purified. An optimal activity of 1623 IU mg^?1 was exhibited at 50°C, pH 10. Significant activities of Pel‐BL11 are demonstrated between 40 and 70°C and from a pH of 7–11. The observed half‐lives are 103 min at 70°C and 288 min at 40°C. Compared to other published acid and alkaline pectate lyases, Pel‐BL11 demonstrated exceptional thermostability and wider pH adaptability. Temperature effects on the cleavage of the pectate α‐1,4‐glycosidic bond by Pel‐BL11 were examined. Continuous cleavage occurred for the first 3 h at 30 and 50°C. However, at 70°C, the majority of the cleavage occurred during the first 10 min. Weight loss in gampi and paper mulberry fibres after enzyme treatment validate the potential of this treatment in fibre degumming.     

Purification and characterization of pectate lyase from banana (Musa acuminata) fruits

Pectate lyase (PEL) has been purified by hydrophobic, cation exchange and size exclusion column chromatographies from ripe banana fruit. The purified enzyme has specific activity of 680 +/- 50 pkat mg protein(-1). The molecular mass of the enzyme is 43 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The pI of the enzyme is 8 with optimum activity at pH 8.5. Analysis of the reaction products by paper and anion exchange chromatographies reveal that the enzyme releases several oligomers of unsaturated galacturonane from polygalacturonate. The K(m) values of the enzyme for polygalacturonate and citrus pectin (7.2% methylation) are 0.40 +/- 0.04 and 0.77 +/- 0.08 g l(-1), respectively. PEL is sensitive to inhibition by different phenolic compounds, thiols, reducing agents, iodoacetate and N-bromosuccinimide. The enzyme has a requirement for Ca(2+) ions. However, Mg(2+) and Mn(2+) can substitute equally well. Additive effect on the enzyme activity was observed when any two metal ions (out of Mg(2+), Ca(2+) and Mn(2+)) are present together. The banana PEL is a enzyme requiring Mg(2+), in addition to Ca(2+), for exhibiting maximum activity.