油菜蜂花粉总黄酮纤维素酶-超声提取工艺及抗氧化活性

为了研究纤维素酶超声提取油菜蜂花粉总黄酮的最优工艺条件以及总黄酮分级萃取物抗氧化活性,以油菜蜂花粉为材料,总黄酮得率为评价指标,超声功率、乙醇浓度、超声时间、料液比为单因素,采用响应面法优化酶解-超声提取油菜蜂花粉总黄酮工艺条件.在最优条件下提取并分级萃取得到乙醇提取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物、水萃取物,探究其抗氧化作用强弱.结果表明:最优条件为超声功率150 W,乙醇浓度82％,超声时间10min,料液比1∶46,油菜蜂花粉总黄酮得率为(7.36±0.19)％.4种萃取物均具有抗氧化活性但表现出不同的自由基清除能力,其中,乙醇提取物对*OH清除作用最强,乙酸乙酯萃取物对DPPH·和ABTS+清除作用最强,正丁醇萃取物对O2-·清除作用最强,均具有较好的抗氧化活性.本研究旨在为油菜蜂花粉的高效利用及其在抗氧化功能产品中的应用提供基础依据.     

油菜蜂花粉总黄酮纤维素酶-超声提取工艺及抗氧化活性

为了研究纤维素酶超声提取油菜蜂花粉总黄酮的最优工艺条件以及总黄酮分级萃取物抗氧化活性,以油菜蜂花粉为材料,总黄酮得率为评价指标,超声功率、乙醇浓度、超声时间、料液比为单因素,采用响应面法优化酶解-超声提取油菜蜂花粉总黄酮工艺条件.在最优条件下提取并分级萃取得到乙醇提取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物、水萃取物,探究其抗氧化作用强弱.结果表明:最优条件为超声功率150 W,乙醇浓度82％,超声时间10min,料液比1∶46,油菜蜂花粉总黄酮得率为(7.36±0.19)％.4种萃取物均具有抗氧化活性但表现出不同的自由基清除能力,其中,乙醇提取物对*OH清除作用最强,乙酸乙酯萃取物对DPPH·和ABTS+清除作用最强,正丁醇萃取物对O2-·清除作用最强,均具有较好的抗氧化活性.本研究旨在为油菜蜂花粉的高效利用及其在抗氧化功能产品中的应用提供基础依据.     

加热回流法提取淫羊藿苷的试验研究

目的:考察加热回流法提取次数、提取时间、料液比以及乙醇体积分数等实验条件可能对淫羊藿苷的提取率所产生的影响。方法:提取溶剂选择为乙醇,采用加热回流法从淫羊藿中提取淫羊藿苷,采用单因素试验考察淫羊藿苷的提取时间、提取次数、淫羊藿的料液比以及溶剂中乙醇体积分数对淫羊藿苷的提取率所产生的影响,在此基础上进行正交试验的设计,优化提取工艺。结果:结果表明优化的加热回流提取法为料液比1:10(m:V,g/ml),提取2次、提取时间为40min,乙醇体积分数75%。     

淫羊藿保健酒常温浸提工艺研究

研究了淫羊藿保健酒常温浸提的工艺条件,以淫羊藿总黄酮提取量为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验优化了淫羊藿保健酒常温浸提的工艺条件。结果表明,各因素对黄酮提取量影响的顺序为：乙醇浓度对黄酮提取量影响最大,料液比次之,浸提时间影响最小;最佳浸提工艺条件为：乙醇浓度为70%、料液比1∶40、浸提时间3h。在此条件下,淫羊藿总黄酮提取量为95.53±1.36mg/g。     

淫羊藿总黄酮的碱提工艺研究

以淫羊藿苷和总黄酮的含量为指标,考察了提取溶剂及用量、提取时间、次数以及浓缩比例和酸用量对淫羊藿黄酮类成分提取的影响,确定了淫羊藿总黄酮碱提酸沉的最佳提取条件为:用10倍量的0.1%NaOH溶液加热煮沸2次,每次1 h,滤液浓缩至料液比1∶4后用盐酸调节pH为2,沉淀放置36 h后,真空过滤或离心分离干燥即得高含量提取物。该提取工艺提取率高,稳定性好,操作简便,适合工业化生产。     

半枝莲黄酮的超声提取及其抗氧化活性

通过单因素和正交试验获得超声波辅助乙醇提取半枝莲黄酮的最佳工艺条件,考察了黄酮提取物对油脂的抗氧化活性及对羟基自由基的清除效果,并与常用的抗氧化剂作比较。结果表明,当乙醇体积分数为50%、料液比1∶30（g/mL）、超声提取时间25 min、浸泡温度65℃时为最佳条件,此时黄酮的得率为3.0%,且该提取物对羟基自由基清除效果随浓度的增大而升高,对油脂氧化有较强的抑制作用。     

鸡桑叶总黄酮提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

目的:为确定超声辅助提取鸡桑叶总黄酮的最佳工艺并考察总黄酮的抗氧化活性.方法:首先考察乙醇浓度、液料比、超声温度和超声时间4个单因素对鸡桑叶总黄酮提取率的影响,再通过Box-Behnken方法对影响鸡桑叶总黄酮提取率的工艺因素进行响应面优化,最后通过鸡桑叶总黄酮对DPPH·和·OH清除效果来评价其抗氧化活性.结果 最佳...     

黑老虎叶总黄酮提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

为探讨超声波辅助提取黑老虎叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件及其抗氧化活性,该文以黑老虎叶为研究对象,采用超声波提取法提取黑老虎叶总黄酮,通过单因素试验研究提取时间、乙醇浓度、提取温度、料液比对黑老虎叶总黄酮提取率的影响在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验优化其提取工艺条件,测试了最优条件下提取的黑老虎叶总黄酮对DPPH自由基、·OH自由基及超氧阴离子的清除能力。结果表明:黑老虎叶总黄酮超声辅助提取最佳提取条件为提取时间35 min、乙醇浓度80%、提取温度50℃、料液比1:20g·mL^-1最佳条件下提取率为4.83%。抗氧化活性测试结果显示,黑老虎叶总黄酮表现出较好的清除DPPH自由基、·OH自由基及超氧阴离子能力,其抗氧化能力为清除DPPH自由基能力>清除超氧阴离子能力>清除·OH自由基能力。在浓度为0.8 mg·mL^-1时,黑老虎叶总黄酮清除DPPH自由基、·OH自由基及超氧阴离子的能力相当于同浓度下Vc的97.6%、82.1%、95.5%,黑老虎叶总黄酮是天然抗氧化剂的良好来源。上述结果为黑老虎叶活性成分的提取及开发利用提供了理论基...     

盐胁迫对两种淫羊藿属植物生长及各器官总黄酮含量的影响

采用不同浓度NaCl(0、100、200、300和500 mmol/L)的Hoagland's培养液处理两种淫羊藿属植物--淫羊藿、箭叶淫羊藿幼苗,处理30 d后分别测定其株高、叶表面积、干物质生物量以及根、茎、叶的总黄酮含量,以明确淫羊藿属两种药用植物的抗盐特性.结果显示:(1)盐胁迫对淫羊藿和箭叶淫羊藿的生长均有影响,随着NaCl处理浓度的增加,淫羊藿、箭叶淫羊藿的株高和叶表面积均逐渐显著减小;各器官干物质生物量逐渐降低,但淫羊藿的干物质下降量较小(不显著),且同一处理下淫羊藿的生物量明显小于箭叶淫羊藿.(2)随着NaCl胁迫浓度的增加,除淫羊藿茎的总黄酮含量一直呈下降趋势外,淫羊藿根、叶和箭叶淫羊藿根、茎、叶均呈现在低浓度范围内总黄酮含量增加,且箭叶淫羊藿的含量高于淫羊藿;而在高浓度盐胁迫下,其总黄酮含量均呈下降的趋势,且淫羊藿的含量高于箭叶淫羊藿.研究表明,淫羊藿的抗盐性明显高于箭叶淫羊藿,适于高盐土壤环境种植,但在低盐环境条件下,种植箭叶淫羊藿可显著提高总黄酮产量并提高经济效益.     

凤眼莲总黄酮最佳提取条件的探讨

目的：研究从凤眼莲（Eichhornia crassipes）中提取总黄酮的最佳提取条件。方法：以乙醇为溶剂,采用浸提法和超声波法提取凤眼莲总黄酮,通过单因素实验比较两种提取方法;并对黄酮提取物的抗氧化性进行了研究。结果：浸提法提取凤眼莲中总黄酮的最佳工艺条件：乙醇50%、提取温度70℃、提取时间3h、料液比1：40,总黄酮提取率4.30%;超声波法提取凤眼莲总黄酮的最佳工艺条件：乙醇50%、提取时间30min、料液比1：40、超声功率320W,提取率5.09%;凤眼莲总黄酮清除.OH的能力比甘露醇强,而清除.O2-的能力低于Vc。结论：超声波法是提取黄酮类物质较为理想的途径,凤眼莲总黄酮具有一定抗氧化活性。     

杨梅树皮黄酮的提取及体外抗氧化研究

采用乙醇热回流提取法对杨梅树皮中总黄酮进行提取,通过正交试验确定了杨梅树皮总黄酮乙醇热回流提取法的最佳工艺条件:以28目的杨梅树皮粉为原料,料液比为1∶60,用60%的乙醇溶液在60℃的水浴中提取2.5h,提取率达6.86%。利用清除DPPH自由基的能力和还原力作为指标测定了杨梅树皮总黄酮的抗氧化活性。结果表明,杨梅树皮黄酮有较强的抗氧化能力。     

Efficacy of cashew kernel extracts in the control of the maize weevil,Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Six different solvents namely: methanol, ethanol, water, acetone, pet-ether or n-hexane was used to extract the essential oils from cashew kernel. The extracted oils were evaluated on Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky 1855) for mortality, oviposition and adult emergence effects. The long-term storage and water absorption capacity of the treated maize grains was also investigated. Results showed that the steam distillate was most lethal on S. zeamais. The least potent extracts on S. zeamais were those extracted with methanol and ethanol. The extracts drastically reduced oviposition in S. zeamais. Maize grains treated with steam distillate extract had the lowest water absorption capacity, while the highest water absorption capacity was obtained in grains treated with ethanol and methanol. Extracts of steam distillate, n-hexane, petroleum ether and acetone completely prevented infestation and subsequence damage of the treated maize grains for a period of three months. In the grains treated with the methanol and ethanol extracts, damage of 28.61% and 6.24%, respectively were obtained. The results obtained reveal that extracts of cashew kernel are effective in controlling S. zeamais and could serve as an alternative to synthetic insecticides.     

In vitro bioactivities and preparation of nanoemulsion from coconut oil loaded Curcuma aromatica extracts for cosmeceutical delivery systems

Curcuma aromatica (CA) is a herbaceous plant in the Zingiberaceae family. It has antioxidative activity and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of solvents and extraction methods on CA rhizomes. The crude extracts were tested for phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidative activity by DPPH and lipid peroxidation assay, and protein denaturation inhibition. The crude extracts with 95% ethanol by maceration technique showed good results. It had phenolic content at 99.28 ± 1.09 mg GAE/g extract, flavonoid content at 397.00 ± 27.54 mg QE/g extract, antioxidative activity by DPPH assay and lipid peroxidation assay at IC₅₀ value of 0.55 ± 0.02 mg/ml and 0.60 ± 0.10 mg/ml, respectively. The percentage of protein denaturation inhibition was 65.97 ± 4.68%. The crude extract with 95% ethanol by maceration technique was selected to formulate nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsion formulation consisted of DI water, Tween 80, CA extract, coconut oil and Span 80 at 72.50, 12.93, 7.07, 5.00 and 2.5%w/w, respectively. Its appearance was an opaque yellow liquid with no precipitation and no phase separation at room temperature. The particle size, pH, and viscosity were 70.20 ± 0.38 nm, 5.87 ± 0.01 and 3.56 ± 0.24 cP, respectively. Nanoemulsion loaded CA extract had bioactivities and highly stable characteristics after heating–cooling test for 6 cycles. This study has demonstrated the potential of nanoemulsion from coconut oil loaded CA extract for further development to novel cosmetic products.     

超声波协同提取鱼腥草黄酮及其抗氧化性

研究了超声波协同乙醇提取不同部位鱼腥草黄酮的最佳工艺条件,并测定黄酮提取物对DPPH.、羟基自由基和超氧自由基的抑制效果。结果表明:鱼腥草叶中黄酮含量最高,在固液比1∶30,85%乙醇浓度,65℃下提取40min,黄酮提取率为2.36%。鱼腥草黄酮对DPPH.自由基活性、.OH自由基和超氧O2-.自由基的清除率可达72.8%、70.8%和69.8%,表明鱼腥草黄酮是一种天然有效的自由基清除剂。     

草菇培养物中粗三萜和黄酮含量及抗氧化抗肿瘤活性研究

采用液体摇瓶法培养草菇菌丝体,并用不同有机溶剂对培养液及菌丝体中的代谢成分分别进行分离提取,获得了不同来源的次生代谢提取物。对各提取物的成分分析表明,石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相和乙醇相提取物中均含有粗三萜和黄酮类物质,但菌丝体提取物中粗三萜和黄酮含量明显高于培养液提取物中的含量。石油醚抽提菌丝体获得的提取物中粗三萜含量最高,达17%,而乙酸乙酯抽提菌丝体获得的提取物中黄酮含量最高,达9.31%。抗氧化活性检测结果显示,石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、乙醇相中的代谢提取物均有较高的抗氧化活性,但乙酸乙酯相提取物的抗氧化活性明显高于石油醚相提取物,具最高抗氧化活性的提取物分别来自乙酸乙酯、乙醇对菌丝体的抽提物。MTT法检测各提取物对胃癌细胞增殖的抑制作用,结果显示各组分均有较高的抗肿瘤活性,且抗肿瘤活性与提取物浓度存在明显的量效关系。     

加工因素对橄榄叶提取物抗氧化活性的影响

研究在橄榄叶加工过程中,加工因素对橄榄叶提取物中抗氧化活性的影响,这些因素包括:(1)干燥方式(微波炉干燥,烘箱干燥,低温冷冻干燥和熏蒸及烘箱结合干燥);(2)提取方式(超声波提取和搅拌式提取);(3)提取溶剂的酸度(pH 4、7、10).实验将总多酚含量和清除自由基活性作为衡量提取物抗氧化有效成分和活性的指标.研究结果表明,通过低温冷冻干燥、调节pH至4和采用超声波提取的方式,橄榄叶提取物中的抗氧化有效成分最多.本研究对橄榄叶等天然植物中抗氧化成分提取工艺的制定具有参考价值.     

Antioxidant, a pro-oxidant and cytotoxic effects of Achyrocline satureioides extracts

In this study we compared the antioxidant properties of five different extracts of different composition obtained from Achyrocline satureioides' inflorescences (Compositae), a widely used Brazilian folk medicinal herb. All of the extracts presented significant antioxidant potential identified by TRAP assay, which increased in the presence of human plasma. Characterization of the content of flavonoids in each extract showed that the FDP80 (ethanol 80%) and FFr (enriched flavonoid fraction) extracts contained a higher content of flavonoids. Cytotoxicity of the extracts as determined in Sertoli cell culture showed that FDP80 and FFr were highly toxic at most concentrations tested. The extracts induced a significant increase in lipid peroxidation levels in Sertoli cells. These results suggest that medicinal herb extracts that contain higher flavonoid concentrations and shows higher antioxidant protection in vitro might not always produce the greatest benefit.     

草本龙芽中总黄酮提取工艺的研究

研究了从草本龙芽中提取黄酮类化合物的工艺条件,结果表明,最佳提取条件为:乙醇体积分数80%,料液比1:20(g:mL),提取温度75℃,提取时间2 h。用分光光度法测定了草本龙芽黄酮含量,建立了芦丁浓度与吸光度关系的回归方程。     

Preparation of Water and Ethanolic Extracts of Propolis and Evaluation of the Preparations

Propolis was extracted using water and various concentrations of ethanol as solvents. The extracts were investigated by measurement of absorption spectrum with a UV spectrophotometer, reversed phase-high pressure thin-layer chromatography and reversed phase-HPLC. Maximum absorption of all extracts was 290 nm, resembling flavonoid compounds, and the 80% ethanolic extract showed highest absorption at 290 nm. The most isosakuranetin, quercetin, and kaempferol were extracted from mixtures of propolis and 60% ethanol, while 70% ethanol extracted the most pinocembrin and sakuranetin, but 80% ethanol extracted more kaempferide, acacetin, and isorhamnetin from propolis. The 60 to 80% ethanolic extracts of propolis strongly inhibited microbial growth and 70 and 80% ethanolic extracts had the greatest antioxidant activity and 80% ethanolic extract strongly inhibited hyaluronidase activity.