New Liphistius species (Araneae, Mesothelae) from western and eastern Thailand

Eight new Liphistius species, L. erawan from western Thailand, L. tenuis, L. nesioticus from southeastern Thailand and L. dangrek, L. suwat, L. thoranie, L. pusohm, and L. onoi from northeastern Thailand, are described together with the male of L. ochraceus Ono and Schwendinger. Natural history, zoogeography and relationships between species are discussed. Two superspecies are distinguished. © 1996 The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters     

On the spider genus Liphistius (Araneae: Mesothelae) in Thailand and Burma

Seven of the ten Liphistius species already known from Thailand and Burma are characterized; three new species, L. lannaianus sp.n., L. marginatus sp.n., L. thaleban sp.n., and the males of L. lordac Platnick & Scdgwiek and L. niphanae Ono are described. Taxonomy and relationships are discussed; considerable variation in female internal genitalia is shown. Notes are given on natural history, distribution, burrow structure, phenology and behaviour.     

中国云南省四种蟹蛛(蜘蛛目,蟹蛛科)记述

描述了采自中国云南省高黎贡山的4种蟹蛛:小棒绿蟹蛛Oxytate clavulata Tang,Yinet Peng,sp.nov.和中国3新纪录种:不丹绿蟹蛛Oxytate bhutanica Ono,2001,小斜蟹蛛Loxobates minor Ono,2001和南国花叶蛛Synema nangokuOno,2002,其中小斜蟹蛛的雌性为首次发现。小棒绿蟹蛛,新种Oxytate clavulata Tang,Yinet Peng,sp.nov.(图1~5)正模♂(HNU-YHY2601),云南腾冲县上营乡大蒿坪村,2040m,2006-06-04,尹长民、胡佳芳、杨效华采。词源:本种因触肢器的插入器呈小棒状而命名。新种近似于平行绿蟹蛛O.parallela(Simon,1880),但能与后者区别于:1)触肢后侧突末端弯向内侧而后者弯向腹侧;2)插入器基部有一突起而后者没有。分布:中国云南。不丹绿蟹蛛Oxytate bhutanica Ono,2001(图6~15)Oxytate bhutanica Ono,2001:205,figs.1-5.观察标本:1♀,1♂(HNU-YHY0401),界头乡桥头村,1652m,2006-05-17;6♀♀(HNU-YHY0302),界头乡周家坡,1660m,2006-05-16;1♂(HNU-YHY0803),界头乡张家营村,1665m,2006-05-20;1♀,1♂(CAS-YHY1506),腾岳镇宝丰寺,1790m,2006-05-31;1♀(CAS-YHY1703),曲石乡热海,1470m,2006-06-01;1♀(CAS-YHY3801),荷花镇米兰,1400m,2006-06-07。以上标本均由尹长民、胡佳芳和杨效华采自云南省腾冲县。其余观察标本:1♀(HNU-Tang040501),贡山县独龙江乡迪政当村,1841m,2004-10-27~30,唐果采;1♀(HNU-Tang040605),贡山县独龙江乡龙元村白来组,1676m,2004-10-31~11-03,唐果采;2♀♀(CAS-DHK0501201),泸水县片马乡岗房,1780m,2005-05-16,David KAVANAUGH采。分布:不丹、中国(云南)。小斜蟹蛛Loxobates minor Ono,2001(图16~28)Loxobates minor Ono,2001:207,figs.6-8.观察标本:1♀,2♂♂(HNU-David065002);云南腾冲清水镇热海良盈村,1450m,2006-06-01,David KAVANAUGH,Roberta BRETT和董大志采;6♀♀(YHY1707:3♀♀,HNU;3♀♀,CAS);云南腾冲清水镇热海,1470m,2006-06-01,尹长民、胡佳芳、杨效华采;1♂(CAS-YHY2102),腾冲荷花镇朗蒲村,1150m,2006-06-02,胡鹏采。分布:不丹、中国。南国花叶蛛Synema nangoku Ono,2002(图29~33)Synema nangoku Ono,2002:206,figs.13-18.观察标本:1♀,3若蛛(HNU-YHY3202),中国云南腾冲芒棒乡,1300m,2006-06-05,胡鹏采。分布:日本、中国(云南)。     

New species and two new records of the spider family Theridiidae (Araneae) from Korea

Three theridiid spiders, which are a new species, Neospintharus baekamensis n. sp., and two species new to Korea, Cryptachaea riparia (Blackwall, 1834) and Lasaeola yoshidai (Ono et al., 1991), are described. The illustrations and diagnoses for all of the species are also provided.     

Comb-footed spiders(Araneae:Theridiidae) in the tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna,Southwest China

Xishuangbanna,with its typical tropical rainforest,is one of China's biodiversity hotspots.Through several years of extensive survey work on the spiders in rainforest and adjacent habitats,32 genera and 101 species,including 33 new species,of the family Theridiidae were collected.Four genera,Allothymoites Ono,2007,Nojimaia Yoshida,2009,Tekellina Levi,1957 and Yunohamella Yoshida,2007,are newly recorded from China.The 33new species are diagnosed,described and illustrated.Type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing(IZCAS).     

Nine new species of the spider genus Stedocys (Araneae,Scytodidae) from China and Thailand

Nine new species of the genus Stedocys Ono,1995 are described:Stedocys gaolingensis Wu & Lisp.n.(♂♀,Guangxi),S.huangniuensis Wu & Lisp.n.(♀,Guangxi),S.ludiyanensis Wu & Lisp.n.(♂♀,Guangxi),S.matuoensis Wu & Lisp.n.(♀,Guangxi),S.pulianensis Wu & Lisp.n.(♂,Guangxi),S.shilinensis Wu & Lisp.n.(♂♀,Hainan),S.xianrenensis Wu & Lisp.n.(♂♀,Guangxi),S.xiangzhouensis Wu & Li sp.n.(♂♀,Guangxi) from China,and S.zhaoi Wu & Lisp.nov.(♂♀,Kanchanaburi) from Thailand.Diagnoses of nine new species are provided.DNA barcodes for six new species are documented for future use and as proof of molecular differences between these species.     

A review of the Holarctic genus Tmeticus Menge, 1868 (Araneae, Linyphiidae), with a description of a new genus

Eight species attributed to Tmeticus are reviewed; five are redescribed and illustrated: Tmeticus affinis (Blackwall, 1885), Tmeticus bipunctis (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906), Tmeticus nigriceps Kulczyński, 1916, Tmeticus ornatus (Emerton, 1914) and Tmeticus tolli Kulczyński, 1908. The new genus, Paratmeticus gen. n. is erected for Tmeticus bipunctis, and a new combination is established: Paratmeticus bipunctis (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906), comb. n. Three species names: Gongylidium vile Kulczyński, 1885, syn. n., Tmeticus difficilis Kulczyński, 1926, syn. n. and Tmeticus dubius Kulczyński, 1926, syn. n., are synonymized with Tmeticus tolli Kulczyński, 1908. Although Gongylidium vile has date priority over Tmeticus tolli it is synonymized because of the lack of usage. Three species from Japan attributed to Tmeticus: Tmeticus neserigonoides Saito & Ono, 2001, Tmeticus nigerrimus Saito & Ono, 2001 and Tmeticus vulcanicus Saito & Ono, 2001 are not related to Tmeticus affinis, the type species of the genus, and their affinities remain unclear. The male of Tmeticus nigriceps is described for the first time.     

On some species of Cruciferae in the desert regions of China

The present paper deals with 3 genera,Pugionium Gaertn., Lepidium L. and Torularia O. E. Schulz of the family Cruciferae found in the desert regions of China. Of the genus Pugionium 4 species and 1 new variety and their geographical distribution are recognized. Two closely related species of Lepidium, L. apetalum Willd. and L. ruderale L. and one additional new species are described and their distribution patterns are discussed. Two species of the genus Torularia previously described by V. Botschantzev (1959)are here redused to varietal ranks, and one additional new species is described.     

中国炭黑粉菌属及近似属(黑粉菌目)

本文报道我国炭黑粉菌属12种,其中新种1个,即小孢炭黑粉菌Anthracoidea microspora L. Guo;中国新记录种4个,即柄囊苔草炭黑粉菌Anthracoidea eleocharidis,林氏炭黑粉菌Anthracoidea lindebergiae(Kukkonen) Kukkonen,迷炭黑粉菌Anthracoidea misandrae Kukkonen和尼泊尔炭黑粉菌Anthracoidea nepalensis Kakishima & Ono,及核黑粉菌2种和异腥黑粉菌1种。     

Revision of the larvae of Leptus Latreille (Acarina: Erythraeidae) of Europe and North America, with descriptions of post-larval instars

The larvae of Leptus Latreille, 1796 (Acarina: Erythraeidae) of Europe and North America are comprehensively revised. Of those described since 1900 a total of 34 species is considered recognizable and capable of being keyed; no species described before 1900 is considered recognizable. The nominal type of the genus, Acarus phalangii de Geer, 1778 is rejected as an illegitimate name. Eighteen European and 17 North American species are described and keyed, of which 17 are new to science. One new subspecies from North America, of a species previously known from Europe, is described and keyed. Standard metric data are given for each species or subspecies from available specimens (except two North American species, L. ariel Southcott and L. clarki Southcott, recently described elsewhere; for these last-named two additional metric data are given). Larvae have been recorded from April to September, with the greatest number found being for July and August.
Protonymphs are described for two North American species ( L. ghiradellae sp. nov. and L. welbourni sp. nov. ), and deutonymphs for two North American species ( L. calix sp. nov. and L. ghiradellae ). Keys are given to separate the reared protonymphs, and three described deutonymphs (the two preceding and the European L. galerucae Feider). Data on the duration of the protonymphal instar suggest that in North America and Europe there are two modes: one lasting 3–4 weeks, the other 5–7 months. Developmental abnormalities are recorded systematically.     

Larvae of Leptus (Acarina:Erythraeidae), free-living or ectoparasitic on arachnids and lower insects of Australia and Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of reared post-larval instars

Leptus larvae (Acarina:Erythraeidae) of Australia and New Guinea, collected either free-living or ectoparasitic on Arachnida or lower Insecta, are comprehensively reviewed. For Australia the following new species are described. From Scorpionida: L. barmeedius, L. baudini, L. carduus, L. hitchcocki, L. korematus, L. pistoris, L. stnithi and L. urodaci; from Araneae: L. minno; from Insecta: L. norrisi (Archaeognatha); L.flindersi (Blattodea); L. cheesmanae (Phasmatodea); L. bankensis, L. calcar, L. cultellus, L. foliatus, L. lighti, L. pincheni and L. tindalei (Orthoptera, Acridoidea); L. batjallus, L. clavatus, L. clelandi. L. elderi, L.fisheri (Hemiptera); L. grossi and L. puniceus (free-living only); some of the preceding species were also captured free-living. From Papua New Guinea the following new species are described: L. calcar (Acridoidea); L. cheesmanae (Orthoptera:'cricket') (both of these species also from Australia); L. lorarius, L. scutellatus and L. triacanthus (free-living). Additional host and other records are given for previously described species, originally described as ectoparasites of Insecta:from Australia: L. bathypogonus Womersley (Acridoidea); L. cerambycius Southcott (free-living); L. charon Southcott (Araneae, Scorpionida); L.faini Southcott (Araneae); L. orthrius Southcott (Hemiptera); from Papua New Guinea: L. draco Southcott (Odonata, Acridoidea, Tettiginioidea, Phasmatodea, Hemiptera). Protonymphs are described of L. barmeedius, L. baudini, L. calcar, L. charon, L.flindersi, L. orthrius and L. smithi. Deutonymphs are described of L. calcar, L. charon, L. flindersi and L. smithi. A key is provided for the known larvae, protonymphs and deutonymphs of Leptus of Australia and Papua New Guinea. Teratological abnormalities are recorded for L. cultellus, L. fisheri, L, minno and L. urodaci.     

A Check-List of the Spiders (Araneae) of the Bolshekhekhtsyrski Nature Reserve, Khabarovsk Province, the Russian Far East

326 species of spiders belonging to 26 families are recorded from the Bolshekhekhtsyrski State Nature Reserve,of them 70 are new records for the reserve and six are new to the fauna of Russia:Asperthorax borealis Ono et Saito,2001; Cyclosa kumadai Tanikawa,1992; Cyclosa okumae Tanikawa,1992(earlier it was identified as C. argenteoalba Bosenberg et Strand,1906); Haplodrassus taepaikensis Paik,1992; Hypselistes fossilobus Fei et Zhu,1993; and Pachygnatha gaoi Zhu et al.,2003. The name Pronous minutus (S. Saito,1939) is synonymized with Pronoides brunneus Schenkel,1936. The male of H. taepaikensis is illustrated for the first time. Composition of the fauna is briefly discussed; 41% of the recorded species have their ranges confined to the SE Palaearctics. By its species diversity,the reserve's fauna is the second largest local fauna eastward of the Urals. An expected spider diversity of this reserve is likely to be over 400 species.     

Revision of the Neotropical ant subfamily Leptanilloidinae

Abstract. The rare Neotropical ant subfamily Leptanilloidinae is revised and its internal phylogeny and biogeography discussed. A new genus, Asphinctanilloides gen.n., including three new species, A. amazona, A. anae and A. manauara, and three new species of Leptanilloides , L. improvisa, L. legionaria and L. sculpturata are described. The only previously known species of the subfamily, L . biconstricta Mann (1923) , is redescribed, and the larva of L. legionaria sp.n. is described. Keys to the genera and the species, and a phylogeny of the group are provided. Emphasis has been placed on the study of abdominal and sting characters.     

A new species of Aphis from Potentilla palustris, with a discussion of related species

Abstract. A new species of Aphis, A, comari spm., is described from shoots and leaves of Potentilla (Comarum) palustris (L.) Scop. in England and Wales. Its biology and relationship to previously described species of Aphis L. from Potentilla species and Sanguisorba minor Scop. are discussed.     

Separation of two species standing as Helophorus aquaticus (L.) (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) by banded chromosome analysis

Abstract. Methods are described for making chromosome preparations from developing embryos of Helophorus , for producing C- and G-banding, and for staining the nucleolus organizer with silver. These methods are used to compare the karyotypes of two species currently included in H.aquaticus (L.). It is shown that these species differ because of reciprocal translocations between some chromosomes, and that they would therefore be unable to produce fertile hybrids. Morphological differences in the male and female genitalia are described, and the range of aedeagal variation shown by each species is established by reference to chromosome preparations from testis. Reference to the relevant type specimens shows that the two species are H.aequalis Thomson and H.aquaticus (L.). The latter is not a British species. Differences in the egg cocoons and third instar larvae are described. The present distributions and Pleistocene histories of the two species are described.     

DISTRIBUTION OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL DEVIANT GENETIC CODE AUA FOR METHIONINE IN HETEROKONT ALGAE

The DNA sequence of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I ( COX I) gene (1059 bp), was determined in a number of heterokont algae, including five species of the Phaeophyceae [ Chorda filum (Linnaeus) Stackhouse, Colpomenia bullosa (Saunders) Yamada, Ectocarpus sp., Pseudochorda nagaii (Tokida) Inagaki, Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar], and a member of the Raphidophyceae [ Chattonella antiqua (Hada) Ono]. The distribution of a deviant mitochondrial code, the AUA codon for methionine (AUA/Met), which was previously reported in the Xanthophyceae, was inferred from these COX I sequences. Comparative analyses of these sequences revealed that all the algae described above bear the universal genetic code, including the assignment for the AUA codon. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the obtained sequences along with already-published COX I sequences of various heterokont algae. The clusters of the Xanthophyceae and the Phaeophyceae were resolved as sister groups with high bootstrap support, excluding a bacillariophycean species, a raphidophycean species, and three species of the Eustigmatophyceae. Taking the distribution of the deviant code and the COX I phylogenetic tree together, the genetic code change most probably occurred in an ancestor of the Xanthophyceae after it had branched off from the Phaeophyceae.     

RAPHIDOPHYCEAE [CHADEFAUD EX SILVA] SYSTEMATICS AND RAPID IDENTIFICATION: SEQUENCE ANALYSES AND REAL‐TIME PCR ASSAYS1

Species within the class Raphidophyceae were associated with fish kill events in Japanese, European, Canadian, and U.S. coastal waters. Fish mortality was attributable to gill damage with exposure to reactive oxygen species (peroxide, superoxide, and hydroxide radicals), neurotoxins, physical clogging, and hemolytic substances. Morphological identification of these organisms in environmental water samples is difficult, particularly when fixatives are used. Because of this difficulty and the continued global emergence of these species in coastal estuarine waters, we initiated the development and validation of a suite of real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Sequencing was used to generate complete data sets for nuclear encoded small‐subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA; 18S); internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2, 5.8S; and plastid encoded SSU rRNA (16S) for confirmed raphidophyte cultures from various geographic locations. Sequences for several Chattonella species (C. antiqua, C. marina, C. ovata, C. subsalsa, and C. verruculosa), Heterosigma akashiwo, and Fibrocapsa japonica were generated and used to design rapid and specific PCR assays for several species including C. verruculosa Hara et Chihara, C. subsalsa Biecheler, the complex comprised of C. marina Hara et Chihara, C. antiqua Ono and C. ovata, H. akashiwo Ono, and F. japonica Toriumi et Takano using appropriate loci. With this comprehensive data set, we were also able to perform phylogenetic analyses to determine the relationship between these species.     

Four new species and one new record of Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) from Thailand

Four new species of the genus Lasianthus are described from Thailand and accompanied with taxonomic remarks. These new taxa are: L. ellipsoideus, L. flavi-hirtus, L. loeiensis and L roosianus. One variety, L. politus var. insularis is considered to be a synonym of L. coronatus extending the range of this species to Thailand.