Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Disappearing Species: The Social Challenge. B y E rik E ckholm . Worldwatch Paper 22. Worldwatch Institute, Washington
The Penitent Butchers . B y R. S. F itter a nd S ir P eter S cott . Collins/Fauna Preservation Society     

Book Reviews

Books review in this article:
Limnology of Mountain Lakes . E dited B y J. Fott (1994)
Colpodea (Ciliophora). Protozoenfauna Vol. 4/1 . E dited B y D. M atthes . W. F oissner (1993)
Taxonomische und Okologische Revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems (Band HI: Hymenostomata, Prostomatida, Nassulida) . W. F oissner , H. B erger , F. K ohmann (1994)     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Annual Review of Phytopathology , vol. 1 (ed. J. G. H orsfall )
Forest refreshed . B y N orman E. H ickin
Hops . B y A. H. B urgess
Plant Virology . Ed. M. K. C orbett and H. D. S isler
Pests of Field Crops . B y F. G. W. J ones and M argaret J ones     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Decay of Timber and its Prevention. By K. S t G. C artwright and W. P. K. F indlay
Hormones and Horticulture: The use of special chemicals in the control of plant growth. B y G eorge S. A very , Jr. and E. B. J ohnson     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Field Studies in Ecology . By E. B racher
Practical Bacteriology . By A. C unningham
The Families of Flowering Plants. 2: Monocotyledons; arranged according to a New System based on their Probable Phylogeny . By J. H utchinson
(1) Elements of Botan?y. By R. M. Holman and W. W. Robbins
(2) A Textbook of General Botany f o r Colleges and Universities. By R. M. HOLMAN and W. W. ROBBINS.
Texas Grasses . By W. A S ilveus
Economic Plants . By E. E. S tanford
The Wistar Institute Style Brief
Cellular Respiration . by N orman U. M eldrum     

Review

Book Reviewed in this article:
Organelle Heredity. B y N icolas W. G illham .
Microbodies/Peroxisomen pflanzicher Zellen. By B. G erhardt .
Plant Metabolism. By G erhard R ichter .
Water in Plants Bibliography. Ed. by J. P ospisilova and J. S olarova .
Plant Growth Analysis. By R oderick H unt .
Progress in Botany. Morphology, Physiology, Genetics, Taxonomy, Geobotany. Ed. by H. E llenberg , K. E sser , H. Merxmüller, E. S chnepf and H. Z iegler .
Organisation in Plants. By W. M. M. B aron .
Plant Breeding for Pest and Disease Resistance. By G. E. R ussell .
Incompatibility in Angiosperms. By D. D e N ettancourt .
Soybean Physiology, Agronomy and Utilization. Ed. by A. G. N orman .
Flora of Turkey , Volume 6 ( Lobehaceae to Scrophulariaceae ). Ed. by P. H. D avis , assisted by J. R. E dmondson , R. R. M ill and B.S.P arris .
Tropical Trees and Forests. An Architectural Analysis. By F.H allé , R.A.A. O ldeman and P. B. T omlinson .
Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen. By H einz E llenberg .     

抗炭疽保护性抗原单克隆抗体可变区基因的克隆及序列分析

目的:克隆并分析抗重组炭疽芽孢杆菌保护性抗原(rPA)单克隆抗体4B2、5E1和2A8轻、重链可变区基因。方法:从分泌抗rPA特异性单抗的杂交瘤细胞株4B2、5E1和2A8中提取总RNA;利用RT-PCR技术克隆抗rPA单抗4B2、5E1和2A8的VL、VH基因,并将其连入pMD18-T载体中进行测序分析。结果:4B2VL基因全长378bp,VH基因全长414bp;5E1VL基因全长420bp,VH基因全长426bp;2A8VL基因全长384bp,VH基因全长342bp。通过分析,这些基因均符合小鼠IgGV区基因的特征,含有4个框架区、3个抗原互补决定区,而且抗体特征性的半胱氨酸残基的数量和位置也正确。结论:克隆了抗rPA单抗4B2、5E1和2A8的VL、VH基因,为下一步构建多种形式的基因工程抗体奠定了良好的基础。     

Studies on Coli-aerogenes and Other Gram-negative Intestinal Bacteria in Various Animals and Birds

S ummary . Some faecal material from native animals and birds (especially) showed either no coli-aerogenes bacteria or contained types other than Escherichia coli I.
Amongst coli-aerogenes isolates, E. coli I was frequent but the high percentage of other biotypes indicated that the animal host may serve as a pool of intermediate and irregular strains. Paracolons and Proteus spp. were abundant, and Salmonella spp. were isolated from dogs and native animals possibly in contact with man.
Animals were only occasionally carriers of enteropathogenic E. coli serotypes and seldom of types locally important in the etiology of infantile diarrhoea, such as E. coli O26:B6 and O55:B5. In this series O86 serotypes other than the diarrhoeal strain isolated from babies were found. The results of the study indicated some degree of host specificity. In the group of 20 O serotypes (referred to as specific E. coli ), O8 was most commonly listed. Most strains were sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents but resistance of some strains especially to sulphonamide was recorded.
The implication of the presence in the animal gut of coli-aerogenes bacteria other than E. coli type I is discussed in relation to bacterial standards for drinking water.     

The species of the Enicospilus americanus complex (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in eastern North America

The Enicospilus americanus species-complex is characterized and a key presented to the seven eastern North American species. Three species, E.americanus (Christ), E.glabratus (Say) and E.texanus (Ashmead) are redescribed, and four species are described as new. These are: E. lebophagus sp.n., a Mesoamerican species whose range just extends into southern Texas; E.cushmani sp.n., a widespread eastern North American species, E.aktites sp.n., a Mesoamerican coastal species whose range extends into the very southern tip of Florida; and E.peigleri sp.n., a northern Mexican/southern U.S. species. The cephalic capsules of the final instar larvae of five species are described, and notes on the biology of all species presented. The known hosts of the species are listed.  

Resumen

Se caracteriza el complejo de especies Enicospilus americanus y se presenta una Have para las siete especies del este de Norte America. Se redescriben tres especies: E.americanus (Christ), E.glabratus (Say) y E.texanus (Ashmead) y cuatro se describen como nuevas: E.lebophagus , una especie mesoamericana cuya distribution apenas se extiende hasta el sur de Texas; E.cushmani , especie muy distribuida en el este norte-americano; E.aktites , una especie mesoamericana cuya distribucion apenas se extiende hasta el sur de Florida; y E.peigleri , especies del norte de Mexico y sur de los Estados Unidos. Se describen las capsulas cefalicas del instar final de larva de cinco especies y se presentan algunas notas sobre la biologia de todas las especies, asi como tambien una lista con todos los huespedes conocidos de las especies.     

Positioning 3 qualitative trait loci on soybean molecular linkage group E

In soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), 3 qualitative trait loci (Pb, Y9, and Y17) are located on classical linkage group 14, which corresponds to molecular linkage group (MLG) E. The Pb locus conditions sharp/blunt pubescence tip; the y9 and y17 loci condition green/chlorotic foliage. The gene order is not known. Our objective was to determine the gene order on soybean MLG E of the Pb, Y9, and Y17 loci using previously mapped simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Allelism tests between y9 and y17 gave normal green foliage F(1) plants, indicating nonallelism. Our F(2) data from the allelism test could not distinguish between a 1:1 or a 9:7 ratio. The F(2:3) family segregation indicated a very close genetic linkage between the y9 and the y17 loci. Two molecular mapping populations were developed. Population-1 segregated for Pb and y9, and population-2 segregated for Pb and y17. The gene order on soybean MLG E, using SSR markers, was Pb, Y9, and Y17.     

Upregulation of CYP2e1 and CYP3a activities in histamine-deficient histidine decarboxylase gene targeted mice

Histamine is a biogenic amine with multiple physiological functions. Its importance in allergic inflammation is well characterized; moreover, it plays a role in the regulation of gastric acid production, various hypothalamic functions, such as food uptake, and enhancing TH2 balance during immune responses. Using histidine decarboxylase gene targeted (HDC(-/-)) BALB/c mice, we studied the effect of the absence of histamine on four cytochrome p450 enzyme activities. Their selective substrates were measured: ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity of CYP1A, pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity of CYP2B, chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylase activity of CYP2E1 and ethylmorphine N-demethylase activity of CYP3A.The results indicate a significant elevation of CYP2E1 and CYP3A activities, however, no change in CYP1A and CYP2B activities was seen in HDC targeted mice compared to wild type controls with identical genetic backgrounds.