Pemenone and Androstenone do not Cross-adapt Reciprocally

Explorations of the qualitative and quantitative differencesbetween the odors of pemenone (PEM), androstenone (AND) andisovaleric acid (IVA) show that they share a number of commonperceptual characteristics. Among these are similarities intheir odor quality and relative intensity ratings. PEM is alsoan efficient cross-adaptor and modulator of a subject's ANDsensitivity. Here we evaluate the reciprocal efficacy of ANDadaptation to alter the perceived intensity and quality of PEM,IVA and AND. Twenty-three people, including both those osmicand allosmic (n = 11) for the putrid odor quality of PEM, weretested. Following training in odor quality and intensity ratingtechniques, subjects sampled a selected substance for 2 minto obtain adaptation and then reported quality and intensityratings for the three test stimuli. There was significant self-adaptationby PEM and IVA in all subjects, but self-adaptation by AND wasonly observed in the PEM-osmic subjects. AND did not cross-adaptPEM or IVA to any significant extent. Collectively, these resultscontrast with our earlier study in which PEM was an efficientcross-adaptor of AND. Here, AND was no more efficient than thecontrol as an adapting substance for PEM, despite significantself-adaptation of PEM by itself. This lack of reciprocity inthe effectiveness of PEM and AND as cross-adapters is not relatedto differences in odor intensity, as the PEM and AND concentrationswere adjusted for each subject to elicit comparable intensityreports. These results support the notion that PEM, AND andIVA share certain perceptual characteristics, but interact differentiallywith three or more sets of perceptual channels that are nowthought to result in a putrid odor quality. Chem. Senses 21:711–717, 1996.     

Pharmacokinetic and oral bioavailability of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata fixed combination Kan Jang in rats and human.

Validated analytical methods (HPLC, CE and GC-MS) for determining the amount of andrographolide (AND) in the blood plasma of rats and human volunteers following the oral administration of Andrographis paniculata extract (APE) and Andrographis paniculata fixed combination Kan Jang tablets were developed and used for the pharmacokinetic study. Andrographolide was quickly and almost completely absorbed into the blood following the oral administration of APE at a dose of 20 mg/kg body wt. in rats. Its bio-availability, however, decreased four-fold when a 10-times-higher dose was used. Since a large part (55 %) of AND is bound to plasma proteins and only a limited amount can enter the cells, the pharmacokinetics of AND are described well by a one-compartment model. Renal excretion is not the main route for eliminating AND. It is most likely intensely and dose dependently metabolized. Following the oral administration of four Kan Jang tablets (a single therapeutic dose, equal to 20 mg of AND) to humans, maximum plasma levels of approximately 393 ng/ml (approx. 1.12 microM) were reached after 1.5-2 hours, as quantified using a UV diode-array detection method. Half-life and mean residence times were 6.6 and 10.0 hours, respectively. AND pharmacokinetics in humans are explained well by an open two-compartment model. The calculated steady state plasma concentration of AND for multiple doses of Kan Jang (after the normal therapeutic dose regimen, 3 x 4 tablets/day, about 1 mg AND/kg body wt./day) was approximately 660 ng/ml (approx. 1.9 microM), enough to reveal any anti-PAF effect, particularly after drug uptake when the concentration of AND in blood is about 1342 ng/ml (approx. 3.8 microM, while for anti-PAF effect EC50 - 5 microM).     

CD4+ T cells from lupus-prone mice avoid antigen-specific tolerance induction in vivo

Activated T cells in spontaneous lupus presumably bypass normal tolerance mechanisms in the periphery, since thymic tolerance appears intact. To determine whether such T cells indeed avoid in vivo peripheral tolerance mechanisms, we assessed their activation and recall responses after in vivo Ag stimulation in the absence of exogenously supplied costimulatory signals. Naive CD4(+) AND (transgenic mice bearing rearranged TCR specific for pigeon cytochrome c, peptides 88-104) TCR-transgenic T cells, specific for pigeon cytochrome c, from lupus-prone Fas-intact MRL/Mp+(Fas-lpr) and from H-2(k)-matched control CBA/CaJ and B10.BR mice (MRL.AND, CBA.AND, and B10.AND, respectively) were adoptively transferred into (MRL x CBA)F(1) or (MRL x B10)F(1) recipients transgenically expressing membrane-bound pigeon cytochrome c as a self-Ag. MRL.AND and control CBA.AND and B10.AND-transgenic T cells were activated and divided after transfer, indicating encounter with their cognate Ag; however, T cells from CBA.AND and B10.AND mice were impaired in their ability to proliferate and produce IL-2 after challenge with pigeon cytochrome c in ex vivo recall assays, a typical phenotype of anergized cells. By contrast, MRL.AND T cells proliferated more, and a significantly higher percentage of such cells produced IL-2, compared with control T cells. This observation that MRL T cells avoided anergy induction in vivo was confirmed in an in vitro system where the cells were stimulated with an anti-CD3 in the absence of a costimulatory signal. These experiments provide direct evidence that CD4(+) T cells from Fas-intact lupus-prone MRL mice are more resistant than nonautoimmune control cells to anergy induction. Anergy avoidance in the periphery might contribute to the characteristic finding in lupus of inappropriate T cell activation in response to ubiquitous self-Ags.     

Preclinical Demonstration of Synergistic Active Nutrients/Drug (AND) Combination as a Potential Treatment for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a poor prognosis disease lacking adequate therapy. We have previously shown that ascorbic acid administration is toxic to MPM cells. Here we evaluated a new combined therapy consisting of ascorbate/epigallocatechin-3-gallate/gemcitabine mixture (called AND, for Active Nutrients/Drug). In vitro effects of AND therapy on various MPM cell lines revealed a synergistic cytotoxic mechanism. In vivo experiments on a xenograft mouse model for MPM, obtained by REN cells injection in immunocompromised mice, showed that AND strongly reduced the size of primary tumor as well as the number and size of metastases, and prevented abdominal hemorrhage. Kaplan Meier curves and the log-rank test indicated a marked increase in the survival of AND-treated animals. Histochemical analysis of dissected tumors showed that AND induced a shift from cell proliferation to apoptosis in cancer cells. Lysates of tumors from AND-treated mice, analyzed with an antibody array, revealed decreased TIMP-1 and -2 expressions and no effects on angiogenesis regulating factors. Multiplex analysis for signaling protein phosphorylation exhibited inactivation of cell proliferation pathways. The complex of data showed that the AND treatment is synergistic in vitro on MPM cells, and blocks in vivo tumor progression and metastasization in REN-based xenografts. Hence, the AND combination is proposed as a new treatment for MPM.     

RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS

BOOKS: Driver , P. M. 1974. In search of the Eider. BOOKS: Farner , D. S. & King , J. R. (eds) & Parkes , K. C. (taxonomic editor). 1974. Avian biology, Vol. IV. BOOKS: Harris , M. 1974. A field guide to the birds of Galapagos. BOOKS: Inskipp , T. 1975. All heaven in a rage: a study into the importation of birds into the United Kingdom. Jackson , C. E. 1975. Bird illustrators. Some artists in early lithography. BOOKS: Kendeigh , S. C. & Pinowski , J. (eds). 1973. Productivity, population dynamics and systematics of granivorous birds. Proceedings of General Meeting of the Working Group on Granivorous Birds, IBP, PT Section, held in The Hague, 6–8 Sept. 1970. BOOKS: O'Connor , M. & Woodford , F. P. 1975. Writing scientific papers in English: an ELSE-Ciba Foundation guide for authors. BOOKS: Paynter , R. A., Jr. (ed.) 1974. Avian energetics. Publs Nuttall orn. Club, No. 15. BOOKS: Shuntov , V. P. 1974. Sea birds and the biological structure of the ocean. BOOKS: Woods , R. W. 1975. The birds of the Falkland Islands. BOOKS: Brown , L. H. 1973. Conservation for survival: Ethiopia's choice. BOOKS: Géroudet , P. 1974. Les passereaux. II. Des mésanges aux fauvettes. (Reprint of 2nd ed., 1963.) BOOKS: Regenstein , L. 1975. The politics of extinction. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Araujo , J., Rey , J. M., Landin , A. & Moreno , A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Bengtson , S.-A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Brooke , R. K. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Clausager , I. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Crockett , D. E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Dean , W. R. J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Elgood , J. H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Fleming , R. L., Jr. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Foxall , I. & Burton , P. J. K. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Gartshore , M. E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Goethe , F. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Hald -Mortensen , P. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Herrera , C. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Herrera , C. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Imber , M. J. & Russ , R. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Jensen , H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: Kemp , A. C. & Kemp , M. I. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Larsen , V. H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Li kuei -Yuan , Liu Liang -Tsai , Chang Jui -Yun & Chang Ching -Mao . RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Maclean , G. L. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Nisbet , I. C. T. & Neufeldt , I. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Pettet , A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Pitman , C. R. S. & Took , J. M. E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Pulliainen , E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Schulten , G. G. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Skead , D. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Smith , A. J. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: Stobo , W. T. & Mc Laren , I. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: rolle -Hansen , G. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: West , B., Cabot , D. & Greer -Walker , M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Winterbottom , J. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Amladi , S. R. & Daniel , J. C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Bock , C. E. & Bock , J. H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Britton , P. L. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Britton , P. L. & Brown , L. H RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Brown , L. H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Cooper , J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Donnelly , B. G. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Fjeldså , J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Furness , R. W. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Ghorpade , K. D. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Grant , P. R. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Greenhalgh , M. E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Harris , M. P. & Hansen , L. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Holmes , R. T. & Sturges , F. W. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Jenkins , D., Murray , M. G. & Hall , P. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: King , H. M. & King , B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Lehtonen , L. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Mc Clure , H. E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Møller , A. P. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Moss , R., Watson , A. & Parr , R. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Müller , W. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Novaes , F. C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Olesen , E. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Schodde , R. & Calaby , J. H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Skead , D. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Summerhayes , C. P., Hofmeyr , P. K. & Rioux , R. H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Watling , R. J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Wiens , J. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Wiens , J. A. & Dyer , M. I. 1975. Simulation modelling of Red-winged Blackbird impact on grain crops. J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Williams , J. B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Advisory Committee on Oil Pollution of the Sea . RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Bibby , C. J. & Tubbs , C. R. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Bourne , W. R. P. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Bourne , W. R. P. & Bibby , C. J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Centre for Overseas Pest Research . RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Garzon Heydt , J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Karlsson , B., Persson , B., Södergren , A. & Ulfstrand , S. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Kumari , E. (ed.) 1974. Estonian wetlands and their life. Estonian Contrib. to IBP, No. 7. Acad. Sci. Estonian S.S.R. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Jõgi , A. Present status of the Mute Swan in Estonia. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Paakspuu , V. The Greylag Goose in Estonia. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Mank , A. & Kallas , J. Nesting bird fauna in Käina Bay. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Kallas , J. Nesting ecology of the Avocet in Käina Bay. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Renno , O. Bird fauna of the West-Estonian fens and its variation during reclamation of fens. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Irdt , A. & Vilbaste , H. Bird fauna of the Nigula peat-bog. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Kumari , E. Past and present of the Peregrine Falcon in Estonia. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Lloyd , C. S., Bibby , C. J. & Everett , M. J. T.R.B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Malayan Nature Society . 1974. A blueprint for conservation in Peninsular Malaysia. Malay. Nat. J. 27 RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Masatomi , H. & Kitagawa , T. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Meyburg , B.-U. & Garzon Heydt , J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Ogi , H. & Tsujita , T. 1973. Preliminary examination of stomach contents of murres (Uria spp.) from the eastern Bering Sea and Bristol Bay, June-August, 1970 and 1971. Jap. J. Ecol. 23: 201–209. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Owen , M. & Campbell , C. R. G. 1974. Recent studies on Barnacle Geese at Caerlaverock. Scott. Birds 8: 181–193. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Baldwin , M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Bürkli , W., Juon , M. & Ruge , K. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Collin , J. R. O. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Craig , A. J. F. K. Dowsett , R. J. 1975. How does the Skimmer wet its eggs? Bull. E. Africa nat. Hist. Soc. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Furness , R. W. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Furrer , R. K. George , N. J. 1973. Baya (Ploceus philippinus) feeding on frogs. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 70: 381–382. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Ghorpade , K. D RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Hamilton , R. B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Helle , E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Hölzinger , J. 1975. (Behaviour and food basis of Little Ringed Plover in breeding grounds with and without water.) Orn. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Kunkel , P. 1974. Mating systems of tropical birds: The effects of weakness or absence of external reproduction-timing factors with special reference to prolonged pair bonds. Z. Tierpsychol. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Jensen , H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Johnson , D. N. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Maclean , G. L. 1974. Egg-covering in the Charadrii. Ostrich 45: 167–174. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Meyer -Holzapfel , M. & Räber , H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Milstein , P. Le S. & Hunter , H. C RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Mueller , H. C RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Pecotich , L. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Preiss , H.-J. & Franck , D. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Reynolds , J. F. Roth , P. & Nievergelt , B. 1975. Die Standorte der Balzplätze beim Auerhuhn Tetrao urogallus. Orn. Beob. 72: 101–112. (English summary.) RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Sherrod , L. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Stamm , R. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Weeks , S. E. 1973. The behaviour of the Red-winged Tinamou, Rhynchotus rufescens. Zoologica, N.Y. 58: 13–40. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Weir , D. & Picozzi , N. 1975. Aspects of social behaviour in the Buzzard. Br. Birds 68: 125–141. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONSA: nzenberger , G. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONSA: Baptista , L. F. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONSA: Fry , C. H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONSA: Grimes , L. G. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONSA: Hopkins , C. D., Rossetto , M. & Lutjen , A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONSA: Ruge , K. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGBackhurst , G. C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Bergman , G. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Bernis , F. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Blokpoel , H. & Gauthier , M. C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Broekhuysen , G. J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Brooke , R. K. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Elliott , C. C. H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Gauci , C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Gavrilov , V. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Keeton , W. T. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Meltofte , H. & Kiørboe , T. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Mendelsohn , J. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Møller , A. P. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Petersen , F. D. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Rabøl , J. 1973. Orientation experiments with Whitethroats Sylvia communis and Lesser White throats Sylvia curruca. Dansk orn Foren. Tidsskr. 67: 85–94. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Rabøl , J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Rinne , J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Schüz , E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Tyrväinen , H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Weitnauer , E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Wells , D. R. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Wood , B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Bährmann , U. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Bulatova , N. S. & Radjabli , S. I. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Deng Qi -Hsiang . RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Dolnik , T. V. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Dolnik , V. R. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Dowsett , R. J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Dzerzhinsky , F. J. & Potapova , E. G. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Eck , S. & Geidel , B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Galkina , V. N. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Ilyichev , V. D., Bogoslovskaja , L. S. & Barsova , L. I. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Iordansky , N. N. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Joubert , C. S. W. & Maclean , G. L. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: O'Donald , P., Davis , J. W. F. & Broad , R. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Sutter , E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Wilson , D. S. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Wolters , H. E. & Clancey , P. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY Bourne , W. R. P. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY Brion , A. & Vacher , M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY Dahlgren , R. B., Trautman , C. G. & Parikh , G. C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY Heerden , J. van . RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY Macdonald , J. W. & Gush , G. H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY Mc Groarty , D. L. & Dobson , R. C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY Maclean , G. L., Gous , R. M. & Bosman , T. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Ahlquist , J. E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Amstutz , J. B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Ash , J. S. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Benson , C. W., Beamish , H. H., Jouanin , C., Salvan , J. & Watson , G. E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Benson , C. W. & Elliott , H. F. I. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Benson , C. W. & Irwin , M. P. S. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Benson , C. W. & Irwin , M. P. S. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Bochénski , Z. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Brooke , R. K. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Brooke , R. K. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Brown , L. H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Cave , F. O. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Cheng Tso -Hsin . RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Clancey , P. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Clancey , RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Clancey , P. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Clancey , P. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Clancey , P. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Clancey , P. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Dean , F. C. & Chesemore , D. L. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Delacour , J. & Ripley , S. D. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Desfayes , M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Eck , S. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Erard , C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Frost , P. G. H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Gaffiero , J. V. & Borg , S. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Hubbard , J. P. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Hutson , A. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Irwin , M. P. S. & Clancey , P. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Isleib , M. E. P. & Kessel , B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Jackson , H. D. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Känel , A. von . RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Kemp , A. C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Kistchinski , A. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Novaes , F. C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Peking Inst . Zool ., South Sea Marine Inst . & Peking Nat . Hist . Mus . RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Peng Yen -Chang et al. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Pinto , A. A. da R. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Pitelka , F. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Prigogine , A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Short , L. L. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Sibley , C. G., Corbin , K. W., Ahlquist , J. E. & Ferguson , A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Sibley , C. G. & Ahlquist , J. E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Sultana , J. & Gauci , C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Sultana , J. & Gauci , C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Urban , E. K. & Jefford , T. G. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Vernon , C. J. & Dean , W. R. J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Winterbottom , J. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Winterbottom , J. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Wood , B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Zahavi , A. & Dudai , R. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Dennis , R. H. & Wallace , D. I. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Hume , R. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Krechmar , A. V. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Lavrovsky , V. V. & Priklonsky , S. G, RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Mead , C. J. & Pepler , G. R. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Ogilvie , M. A. & Wallace , D. I. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Pettet , A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Radke , W. J. & Frydendall , M. J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Reid , W. S., Buckley , D. J., Hunt , J. R. & Price , K.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY: Handbook for Industry Studies. Everett E. Hagen
ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY: The Japanese Factory: Aspects of Its Social Organization. James G. Abegglen     

Book Notices

Book reviewed in this article:
INSECT FLIGHT. Edited by R. C. Rainey
PROCEEDINGS 01F THE 4th CONFERENCE OF WEST AFPXAN COCOA ENTOMOLOGISTS.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY, Vol. 2 1. Edited by Ray F. Smith, THomas E. Mittler and Carroll N. Smith.
MARINE INSECTS. Edited by Lanna Cheng.
THE DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF THE SOIL FAUNA. By J. A. Wallwork.
INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION. Edited by D. J. Candy and B. A. Kilby.
THE GENETICS AND BIOLOGY OF DROSOPHILA. Edited by M. Ashburner and E. Novitski.
INSECTS THAT FEED ON TREES AND SHRUBS. AN ILLUSTRATED PRACTICAL GUIDE. By Warren T. Johkon and Howard H. Lyon.
CONTEMPORARY PEST CONTROL PRACTICES AND PROSPECTS. The Report of the Executive Committee of the Study on Problems of Pest Control. Pp. xxviii+506. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1975.
BIOCHEMICAL INTERACTION BETWEEN PLANTS AND INSECTS. Edited by James W. Wallace and Richard L. Mansell.
SURVEY OF THE WORLD'S APHIDS. By V. F. Eastop and D. HiIle Ris Lambers.
INSECTS AND THE LIFE OF MAN. By V. B. Wigglesworth.
INSECTS AND HISTORY. By J. L. CloudsleyThompson.
THE FUTURE OF INSECTICIDES, NEEDS AND PROSPECTS. Edited by Robert L. Metcalf and John J. McKelvey, Jr.     

Efficacy of non-nutritive sorbent materials as intestinal-binding agents for the control of boar taint

In many countries, male pigs are castrated to prevent boar taint, but this practice raises concerns about animal welfare and reduces the production efficiency of pork. The objective of this study was to develop dietary manipulations to prevent boar taint. We evaluated the effectiveness of adding activated carbon (AC) or Tween-60 (Tween; polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate) to pig finishing diets to reduce levels of androstenone (AND) and skatole in plasma and fat of entire male pigs. Boars (159 ± 2 days of age at the start of the experiment) were fed diets supplemented with either 5% AC or 5% Tween for 28 days followed by either 14 or 28 days of recovery. Plasma samples were collected at experimental days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42 and 56, and backfat biopsies were taken at experimental days 0, 28, 42 and 56. Feeding AC significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the levels of AND in plasma by day 28 compared to day 0 and by day 42 in fat compared to day 0. AC treatment also decreased levels of oestrone sulphate (E(1)S) in plasma by day 7 compared to day 0. Treatment with Tween significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the levels of plasma AND by day 28 from levels at day 0. Tween treatment did not significantly affect levels of fat AND or plasma E(1)S compared to day 0; however, fat AND levels decreased between days 28 and 42 following treatment with Tween (P < 0.05). Levels of plasma E(1)S, plasma AND and fat AND for control boars remained constant throughout the experiment. Skatole plasma concentrations were very low and did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) from day 0 for any treatment, but fat skatole levels decreased by day 42 in the Tween treatment group. Importantly, there was no difference in growth rate between the control and experimental groups. We conclude that adding AC or Tween to finishing diets for boars can reduce the levels of plasma and fat AND, but further work is needed to confirm the effects of these treatments on reducing fat skatole levels.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviews in this article:
THE EFFECTS OF FISHING ON MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND COMMUNITIES. By S. J. Hall.
BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF THE BROWN AND SEA TROUT. Edited by J.-L. Bagliniere and G. Maisse.
AN ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF FISH AND SHELLFISH. By Claus Frimondt.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
GENERAL AND ETHNOLOGY: The Teaching of Anthropology. David G. Mandelbaum, Gabriel W. Lasker, and Ethel M. Albert
GENERAL AND ETHNOLOGY: Resources for the Teaching of Anthropology. David G. Mandelbaum, Gabriel W. Lasker, and Ethel M. Albert     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
THE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY OF SOILS, VOLUME 2. C. E. M arshall
PLANT DISEASE EPIDEMIOLOGY . Edited by P. R. S cott & A. B ainbridge
FUNGI, MAN, AND HIS ENVIRONMENT . R. C. C ooke
PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF SEEDS IN RELATION TO GERMINATION . J. D. B ewley & M. B lack
APPLIED AND FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE . Edited by J. R einert & Y. P. S. B ajaj , 1977     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviews in this article.
SEX, COLOR, AND MATE CHOICE IN GUPPIES. By Anne E. Houde.
AQUALEX: A GLOSSARY OF AQUACULTURE TERMS. Edited by Margaret Eleftheriou.
COLLECTION BUILDING IN ICHTHYOLOGY AND HERPETOLOGY. Edited by Theodore W. Pietsch and William D. Anderson, Jr.
STOCKING AND INTRODUCTION OF FISH. Edited by Ian G. Cowx.
RECREATIONAL FISHERIES: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT ASPECTS. Edited by P. Hickley and H. Tompkins.
OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE BIOLOGY: AN ANNUAL REVIEW. Vol. 35. Edited by A. D. Ansell, R. N. Gibson and Margaret Barnes.     

Book notices

INSECT PHYSIOLOGY. By V. B. Wigglesworth
INSECT NEUROCHEMISTRY AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY. Edited by Alexej B. Borkovec and Thomas J. Kelly
FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY. Edited by Nicholas J. Strausfeld
THE ROTHSCHILD COLLECTION OF FLEAS. THE CERATOPHYLLIDAE: KEY TO THE GENERA AND HOST RELATIONSHIPS. WITH NOTES ON EVOLUTION, ZOOGEOGRAPHY AND MEDICAL IMPORTANCE. By R. Traub, M. Rothschild and J. F. Haddow
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONING OF INSECT CELLS. Edited by H. Akai     

Book Reviews

Book review in this articles:
BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF COREGONID FISHES—1993. Edited by Miroslaw Luczynski
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF FISHES IN THE OHIO RIVE DRAINAGE. VOLUME 1. ACIPENSERIDAE THROUGH ESOCIDAE. By R. Wallus, T. P. Simon and B. L. Yeager.
PIKE, BIOLOGY AND EXPLOITATION. Edited by John F. Craig.
SEDIMENT IN STREAMS: SOURCES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND CONTROL. By Thomas F. Waters.     

Short reviews

Oliver C. Cox. RACE RELATIONS: ELEMENTS AND SOCIAL DYNAMICS. Detroit, Wayne State University Press, 1976, pp. 337, $17.50.

Emerich K. Francis ‐ INTERETHNIC RELATIONS: AN ESSAY IN SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Inc., 1976, New York, Oxford, Amsterdam, £20.00. 432 pp., incl. Selected Bibliography and Index.

Tom G. Svensson, ETHNICITY AND MOBILIZATION IN SAMI POLITICS. Stockholm, University of Stockholm Studies in Social Anthropology No. 4, 1976. pp. 279, n.p.

Alphonso Pinkney, RED, BLACK, AND GREEN; BLACK NATIONALISM IN THE UNITED STATES. London, Cambridge University Press, 1976. pp. 270, £7.50.

David H. McKay, HOUSING AND RACE IN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY. London, Croom Helm, 1977. 193 pp., £7.50.

Gordon Bowker & John Carrier (Eds) RACE AND ETHNIC RELATIONS: SOCIOLOGICAL READINGS. London, Hutchinson, 1976, pp. 400, £3.95.

John Stone (Ed) RACE, ETHNICITY AND SOCIAL CHANGE: READINGS IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF RACE AND ETHNIC RELATIONS. California, Wadsworth, 1977, pp. 400, n.p.

Trevor R. Lee ‐ RACE AND RESIDENCE: THE CONCENTRATION AND DISPERSAL OF IMMIGRANTS IN LONDON. Oxford University Press, 1977. pp. 193, £6.95.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article:
MARINE POLLUTION AND SEA LIFE edited by M. Ruivo
COLLINS' GUIDE TO THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF BRITAIN AND EUROPE by Bent J. Muus. Illustrated by Preben Dahlstron. Edited by Alwyne Wheeler
KEY TO BRITISH FRESHWATER FISHES WITH NOTES ON THEIR DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY by Peter S. Maitland
TEXTBOOK OF FISH CULTURE: BREEDING AND CULTIVATION OF FISH by Marcel Huet     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
SEEDS AND THEIR USES. By C. D UFFUS & C. S LAUGHTER
BIOCHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURE OF CELL ORGANELLES . By R. A. R EID & R. M. L EECH
NATURE AND ORIGINS OF CARBOHYDRATES IN SOIL. By M. V. C HESHIRE
BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES: THEIR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION. By R. H ARRISON & G. G. L UNT
PLANT ORGANELLES . Edited by E. R EID
VEGETATION OF THE EARTH AND ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS OF THE GEO-BIOSPHERE . By H EINRICH W ALTER     

Book notices

WATER AND TEMPERATURE RELATIONS OF WOODLICE. By J. L. Cloudsley-Thompson
THE ARTHROPODA. HABITS, FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY AND EVOLUTION. By S. M. Manton
THE GENETICS AND BIOLOGY OF DROSOPHILA. Edited by M. Ashburner and T. R. F. Wright
ANIMAL MIGRATION. By John Cloudsley-Thompson     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA: Wintu Ethnography. C ora D u B ois
NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA: Sinkyone Notes. G ladys A yer N omland.
NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA: Varia Anthropologica.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
TRANSGENIC PLANTS. VOLUME 1: ENGINEERING AND UTILIZATION; VOLUME 2: PRESENT STATUS AND SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS. S. K ung & R. W u