Description of a New Species of Amolops Cope, 1865(Amphibia: Ranidae) from Nepal and Nomenclatural Validation of Amolops nepalicus Yang, 1991

A new species, Amolops mahabharatensis sp.nov., is described from Mahabharat range(middle mountain) of Nepal. The new species is a member of the A. marmoratus group and is distinguished from its congeners using morphological and molecular data.The new species is diagnosed by having numerous warts on dorsum and flanks, dorsal body greyish olivebrown/light brown, presence of vomerine teeth series,presence of a pair of subgular vocal sacs in males and tadpole with Ⅲ:5+5/1+1:Ⅱ– labial tooth row. In addition,evidenced by the phylogenetic and morphological analyses in this study, Amolops nepalicus is shown to be a valid species. A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 16 S ribosomal gene for six members of the A. marmoratus group suggested that the new species is sister to a clade containing A. nepalicus and A. panhai.The uncorrected genetic divergences between the new species and its closest congeners A. nepalicus, A. panhai and A. marmoratus based on 16 S rRNA gene were 10.5%,11.6%, and 8.6% respectively. The new species showed wide distribution in the Mahabharat range of Nepal.     

A New Species of Odorrana Inhabiting Complete Darkness in a Karst Cave in Guangxi,China

A new species of the genus Odorrana is described from a completely dark karst cave of northeastern Guangxi, southern China. The new species, Odorrana lipuensis sp. nov., can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: medium size(SVL: 40.7–47.7 mm in males, 51.1–55.4 mm in females); tips of all but first finger expanded with circummarginal grooves; smooth, grass-green dorsum with irregular brown mottling; pineal body invisible; throat to upper abdomen with gray mottling; dorsal surfaces of limbs with brown bands; dorsolateral fold absent; tiny spinules on lateral body, temporal region, and anterior and posterior edge of tympanum; white nuptial pad present on finger I; males lacking vocal sacs; females having creamy yellow eggs, without black poles. Uncorrected sequence divergences between O. lipuensis sp. nov. and all homologous 16 S rRNA sequences of Odorrana available on Gen Bank is equal to or greater than 4.9%. Currently, the new species is only known from the type locality.     

Two new species of caddisflies from East Asia （Trichoptera： Philopotamidae, Psychomyiidae）

A new species of Kisaura Ross （Philopotamidae） from Japan and a new species of Psychomyia Latreille （Psychomyiidae） from Russia are described. Kisaura imparis n. sp. is closest to Kisaura aurascens （Martynov, 1934）, but the lateral processes of tergum X are asymmetrical and the apex of tergum X is different. Psychomyia poltavkaensis n. sp. resembles Psychomyia n. sp., but the shape of tergum IX＋X is more rounded, the apex of the basoventral process of each preanal appendage is unforked, and the inferior appendages are branched.     

NEW LONGICORN BEETLES FROM CHINA

Ten species of longicorn beetles new to science are described in the present paper. Most of the type specimens are deposited or temporarily deposited in the Southwestern Agricultural College, and some of them are deposited in Beijing Agricultural University. 1. Encyclops x-signata sp. nov. [Lepturinae] (fig. 1). This species is characterized by the patterns of the testaceus bands on the dorsum of elytra: forming a conspicuous x-shaped band on the disc and connected with a Yshaped band extending anteriorly along suture to elytral base. Length : 18mm ; breadth:     

New species of the isolated Psaroniaceous rachis from the Early Permian in China

A new kind of marattialean raches are reported from the coal balls in Coal Seam No.7 in the upper part of the Taiyuan Formation （early Early Permian） from Taiyuan, Shanxi, China and are assigned to the genus Stipitopteris Grand＇Eury （Psaroniaceae）. The present specimens are different from all six reported species of the genus, and are therefore proposed as a new species： Stipitopteris shanxiensis. The raches of the new species are generally dorsi-ventrally flattened. The main raches usually exhibit scales of different forms on their surface. Beneath the epidermis is a zone of parenchymatous cells, some of which contain tannin-like contents. Inside this is a zone of small sclerenchymatous cells. Inward are the ground tissue and vascular bundles. The vascular bundles are continuous and are in two circles： the outer circle assumes a transversely elliptical shape with the gap and pinna trace, and the inner circle assumes a shallow C.shape with inrolled ends. The ground tissue located at the inner side of the vascular bundle is composed of thicker-walled parenchymatous cells. The cells of the ground tissue are vertically elongated in longitudinal sections. Subordered raches are smaller and have simpler structures than the main raches. The parenchyma zone beneath the epidermis is thinner, usually one to two cells wide and the sclerenchyma zone is usually absent. The scales are poorly developed and there is only one C-shaped vascular bundle. The new species is comparable to the crosiers of Psaroniaceae of the Euramerican Flora in some aspects, for example, it has a dorsi-ventrally flattened rachis and scales on the surface of the rachis. However, the other features and the preservative conditions of the present specimens indicate that they are not crosiers, but fully developed or mature raches. The new species is the first well-studied anatomically-preserved rachis of Psaroniaceae from the Cathaysian Flora and bears significance not only in understanding the anatomy and taxonomy of Psaroniaceae in the Cathaysian Flora, but also in the relationship between the Euramerican Flora and the Cathaysian Flora.     

A SUMMARIZED REPORT ON REDUVIINAE OF CHINA (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE)

The present paper enumerates 42 species of 16 genera of the subfamily Reduviinae discovered in China. Among them eight genera and 10 species are recorded for the first time from this country (new records marked with an) while 14 species are described as new to science. Acanthaspis aberrans China, representing the female of A. westermanni, is sunk as a junior synonym of A. westermanni Reut. Reduvius ursinus Jak., representing the female of R. fasciatus, is sunk as a junior synonym of R. fasciatus Reut. Keys to genera and species are given.     

Description of a New Species of Amolops (Anura:Ranidae) from Tibet,China

A new species,Amolops pallasitatus sp.nov.is described based on specimens collected from Chentang Town,Dinggyê County,southern Tibet,China.The new species can be distinguished from other known congeners by mitochondrial divergence and morphological characteristics including:(1)medium body size,SVL 70.6–72.3 mm in adult females;(2)skin smooth over the entire body;(3)absence of dorsolateral fold;(4)tympanum small,edge indistinct,less than half of eye diameter;(5)vomerine teeth in two short oblique;(6)circummarginal and transverse grooves absent on disk of the first finger;(7)presence of inner metacarpal tubercle;(8)toes fully webbed,webbing formula Ⅰ0-0~-Ⅱ0-1/2Ⅲ0-1~+Ⅳ1~+-0Ⅴ;(9)absence of outer metatarsal tubercle and tarsal glands;(10)tibiotarsal articulation of the hind limb reaches posterior corners of the eye;(11)dorsum yellow-green,with irregular dark brown blotches without margins;(12)blotches concentrated on the dorsum,less on the flanks.In morphology,Amolops pallasitatus sp.nov.is similar to A.himalayanus and A.formosus,the difference between them is length of hind limbs,web of toe and dorsal colour pattern.The systematic placement of the new species within the genus is unresolved and it is not assigned to any recognized species group,for the lack of convictive evidences.     

Synopsis of Leymus Hochst. （Triticeae： Poaceae）

Leymus is a genus in the Triticeae tribe, Poaceae. The taxa of this genus are allopolyploid species which possess the Ns and Xm genomes. According to cytological, cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses, some species of Hystrix and Elymus ought to be transferred to this genus. A world revision of the genus Leymus is needed. In this paper we summarize experimental results, provide a key to sections, species and varieties, and list all the taxa we recognize in Leymus with their synonyms. This synopsis is a new taxonomic system to be used for the revision of Leymus.     

Three new Species of Tabanidae from Sichuan,China (Diptera)

This report discribes 2 new species of Haematopota, 1 new species of Tabanus and 2 males of T. omeishanensis Xu, and T. liangshanensis Xu. All the types are deposited in the Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, P.L.A., China. Haematopota erlangshanensis, sp. nov. (fig. 1; 2—2) This species is related to H. hakusanensis Togashi, but is easily     

麻栗坡蝴蝶兰——中国兰科一新种

Phalaenopsis malipoensis Z.J.Liu et S.C.Chen,a new species of Orchidaceae from southeastern Yunnan,is described and illustrated.This is a quite distinct species from those known from China and its adjacent regions.It shows a faint resemblance to Phalaenopsis gibbosa Sweet of Laos and Vietnam,but differs by having narrower petals,not zigzag rachis and a large callus on the mid lobe of the lip which is deeply forked with each arm dividing into 2 filiform linear antennae.     

A New Species of the Genus Tylototriton （Urodela： Salamandridae） from Northeastern Hunan Province,China

We describe a new species from the family Salamandridae from northeastern Hunan Province of China based on morphological and molecular genetic evidences.The new species,Tylototriton liuyangensis,is a member of the T.asperrimus group,and shares a number of similarities with T.wenxianensis and T.broadoridgus.The dorsal surface of the new Tylototriton species is completely black,with nodule-like warts distributed evenly along the lateral margin of dorsal body,and there is no transverse striae between the warts.There are several diagnostic characters of the new species that differ from those of T.wenxianensis and T.broadoridgus as follows：（1）the interorbital space（IOS）is comparatively wide;（2）there is a bony ridge present on the dorsal head surface,running along the upper eyelids;（3）the space between axilla and groin（AGS）is comparatively large,with the mean male AGS approximately equal to 50%of the snout-vent length（SVL）and the mean female AGS being 53%of SVL;and（4）there is a small genital armature on the anterior angle of labial folds present inside the anal fissure of adult males during the breeding season.The result from the molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Tylototriton（including the type specimen of the new species）based on the complete DNA sequence of the mitochondrial ND2 gene（1035 bp）indicated that the new species was similar to T.wenxianensis,T.dabienicus,and T.broadoridgus,but formed an independent clade.This result was consistent with the morphological analysis above,supporting that the Liuyang Population represented a distinct species.     

Musa chunii Hakkinen,a new species （Musaceae） from Yunnan,China and taxonomic identity of Musa rubra

The center of diversity of the genus Musa （Musaceae） is in Southeast Asia, a region not studied in detail and where new species and varieties continue to be reported. A new wild banana species, M. chunii Hakkinen from Yunnan, China is described and illustrated based on observed morphological characteristics in the field. This extremely rare new species was only found in Tongbiguan Nature Reserve, Dehong District, West Yunnan. A key to M. chunii and related taxa is provided. In addition, critical notes regarding M. rubra Kurz identity are given.     

A New Species of the Amolops mantzorum Group (Anura: Ranidae: Amolops) from Northwestern Hunan Province,China

We described anew species of the Amolops mantzorum group(Anura:Ranidae) from northwestern Hunan Province,China based on morphological and molecular evidence.The new species differs from its congeners by a combination of the following characteristics:moderate body size of SVL 403-409 mm in adult males(N=3),and 52.6-57.7 mm in adult females(N=3);head length about equal to or larger than head width(HDL/HDW 1.01-1.03);skin on dorsum smooth;dorsolateral folds absent,but developed a series of elongate...     

A New Species of Japalura(Squamata,Agamidae) from the Nu River Valley in Southern Hengduan Mountains,Yunnan, China

A population of Japalura from Yunnan Province, China, previously assigned to Japalura splendida, is described as a new species. The new species has been recorded between 1 138–2 500 m in the Nu River drainage between the towns of Liuku and Binzhongluo, and on the lower western slopes of the Nushan and eastern slopes of the Goaligongshan. The new species can be distinguished from other species of Japalura, except J. dymondi, by the following combination of characters: exposed tympani, prominent dorso-lateral stripes, and small gular scales. It is very similar with but differs from J. dymondi by having smooth or feebly keeled dorsal head scales, three relatively enlarged spines on either side of the post-occiput area, strongly keeled and mucronate scales on occiput area and within the lateral stripes, back of arm and leg green, higher number of dorsal-ridge scales(DS) and fourth toe subdigital scales(T4S). A principal component analysis of body measurements of adult male specimens of the new species and J. dymondi showed principal component 1 loading highest for upper arm length, fourth toe length and snout to eye length and principal component 2 loading highest for head width, head length and fourth toe length.     

DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW SPECIES OF MEGAPHRAGMA AND PARAMEGAPHRAGMA GEN. NOV. (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) FROM CHINA

This is the fourth part of a series of papers on Chinese Trichogrammatidae. 3 newspecies of the genus Megaphragma Timberlake and 2 new species of an allied new genusParamegaphragma (gen. nov.) are described. A key to 3 species of Megaphragma is pre-pared. All the type specimens are mounted on slides and deposited in the Biological con-trol Research Institute, Fujian Agricultural College.