UVB对水稻幼苗膜脂过氧化作用的影响

ＵＶ－Ｂ处理的水稻幼苗,叶片的膜透性、Ｏ２－净产生速率及ＭＤＡ含量显著增加。在ＵＶ－Ｂ处理初期,活性氧防御系统中的ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ活性比对照增强,但随着处理时间的延长,ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ活性明显下降;ＰＯＤ活性受ＵＶ－Ｂ处理抑制。这一结果表明,ＵＶ－Ｂ降低了细胞内活性氧自由基的清除能力,膜脂过氧化作用加剧,最终导致伤害效应。     

紫外线B对水稻叶组织中活性氧代谢及膜系统的影响

增强ＵＶ－Ｂ处理下,水稻叶片的Ｏ净产生速率、Ｈ２Ｏ２和ＭＤＡ含量以及膜透性都显著增加,敏感性弱的品种Ｏ２净产生速率和膜伤害程度较低。在ＵＶ－Ｂ处理初期活性氧清除系统的水平增高,但随着处理时间的延长,ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ和ＡＰ活性以及ＡＳＡ含量降低,其中ＡＰ和ＳＯＤ活性的下降最为明显,而敏感性弱的品种ＳＯＤ活性始终高于敏感性强的品种。处理１４ｄ后去掉ＵＶ－Ｂ,再经则１４ｄ上述各指标均恢复到与对照相近的水平。根据这些结果推测,水稻的ＵＶ－Ｂ伤害可能主要是由于ＳＯＤ活性的降低而导致Ｏ增生和膜脂过氧化。     

水分胁迫对芒果(Mangifera indica L.)幼叶细胞活性氧伤害的影响

对芒果进行了水分干旱胁迫处理,结果表明,水分胁迫使芒果幼叶的相对含水量ＲＷＣ（ｒｅｌ－ａｔｉｖｅ ｗａｔｅ ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔ）和叶水势ΨＴ下降,芒果幼叶的超氧离子Ｏ＾－２产生速率随水分胁迫处理强度加大而增加,丙二醛ＭＤＡ（ｍａｌｏｎｄｉａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅ）含量的变化趋势与Ｏ＾－２产生速率的变化趋势相似超氧经歧化酶ＳＯＤ（ｓｕｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅ ｄｉｓｍｕｔａｃｅ）,这氧化物酶ＰＯＤ（ｐｅｒｏｘｉｄａｓｅ     

The effects of diazinon on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rat heart and ameliorating role of vitamin E and vitamin C

Diazinon is one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides (OPIs) in agriculture and public health programs. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by OPIs may be involved in the toxicity of various pesticides. The aim of this study was to investigate how diazinon affects lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant defense system in vivo and the possible ameliorating role of vitamins E and C. For this purpose, experiments were done to study the effects of DI on LPO and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) in adult rat heart. Experimental groups were: (1) control group, (2) diazinon treated (DI) group, (3) DI+vitamins E and C-treated (DI+Vit) group. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of SOD and CAT increased significantly in the DI group compared with the control group. The activity of SOD and the levels of MDA decreased significantly in the DI+Vit group compared with the DI group. The differences between the DI+Vit and control groups according to the MDA levels and the activities of both SOD and CAT were statistically significant. These results suggest that treating rats with a single dose of diazinon increases LPO and some antioxidant enzyme activities in the rat myocardium and, in addition, that single-dose treatment with a combination of vitamins E and C after the administration of diazinon can reduce LPO caused by diazinon, though this treatment was not sufficiently effective to reduce the values to those in control group.     

Lipid peroxidative damage on cadmium exposure and alterations in antioxidantsystem in rat erythrocytes: A study with relation to time

Cadmium induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the activity of antioxidantenzymes after the administration of a single dose of CdCl 2 (0.4 mg kg body wt, ip) was studied in rat erythrocytes.Cd intoxication increased erythrocyte LPO along with a decrease insuperoxide dismutase (SOD) up to three days of Cd treatment. Thedecrease in erythrocyte catalase (CAT) activity was marked within9 h of Cd intoxication. After three days of Cd treatment, LPOdecreased towards normal, along with an increase in erythrocyteSOC and CAT activity. Blood glutathione (GSH) decreased significantlywithin 24 h of Cd treatment, followed by an increase towards normal.Erythrocyte glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity increased up to10 days of Cd intoxication, probably in an attempt to reduce Cd toxicity.Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphatase(SALP) and serum bilirubin increased up to 10 days of Cd intoxication.Blood urea increased significantly up to three days, followed by a decreasetowards normal. The results show that Cd induced LPO was associated with adecrease in antioxidant enzymes and GSH in erythrocytes; as these antioxidantsincrease in erythrocytes with recovery from Cd intoxication, the Cd inducedLPO reversed towards normal. The increase in the SGPT, SALP and serum bilirubincorrelated with LPO. The results suggest that Cd intoxication induces oxidativestress and alters the antioxidant system, resulting in oxidative damage torat erythrocytes. © Rapid Science 1998     

Influence of indole acetic acid on antioxidant levels and enzyme activities of glucose metabolism in rat liver

Indole acetic acid (IAA) is an auxin and can be synthesized in animals. This compound is metabolized in vitro by peroxidase, producing reactive oxygen species. The toxic effect of indole acetic acid in leukocytes is associated with peroxidase activities and these processes have been implicated in activation of glucose and glutamine metabolism. However, studies in vitro have shown that IAA, in absence of peroxidase, is an antioxidant almost as high in potency as those of other indolic compounds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of a toxic effect of indole acetic acid in the liver, as evidenced by oxidative stress and enzyme activities of the glucose pathway. The animals received IAA by subcutaneous or gavage administration in a phosphate buffered saline (the control group received only the phosphate buffered saline). The other groups received IAA at concentrations of 1 mg, 18 mg and 40 mg per kg of body mass per day. Treatments with 18 mg and 40 mg IAA decreased the activity of catalase by both subcutaneous (30% and 26%) or gavage administration (19% and 28%), respectively. A similar effect was observed on the activity of glutathione peroxidase of animals exposed to 18 mg and 40 mg IAA: A decrease of 34% and 29%, respectively, for subcutaneous administration and a decrease of 29% and 25%, respectively, for gavage administration. However, in neither source of administration did the acid alter superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and myeloperoxidase activities. Another alteration was observed in respect of reduced glutathione content in this organ. The lipid peroxidation level showed a significant decrease with subcutaneous (30%, 29% and 24%) and gavage administration (25%, 26% and 24%) using 1 mg, 18 mg and 40 mg of IAA, respectively compared with the control. The reduced glutathione content and catalase activity in the plasma were not altered by either of the two methods of administration. In addition to these findings, after subcutaneous or gavage administration of IAA, the activities of hepatic enzymes of glucose metabolism were not affected (glucokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase). Evidence is presented herein that IAA did not have a pro-oxidant effect in the liver as deduced from a reduction of catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, a decrease of lipid peroxidation content and no alteration of the pool of reduced glutathione. The effects of IAA were independent of the way of administration.     

表油菜素内对月季切花中几种与膜脂过氧化相关生理指标的影响

2%蔗糖 200mg·L-1硼酸 0.5mg·L-1表油菜素内酯(epiBR)可减缓月季切花体内的超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性和抗坏血酸含量的下降,削弱丙二醛(MDA)含量和细胞膜相对透性的上升幅度,从而延长切花的瓶插寿命。     

Temperature shift-induced changes in the antioxidant enzyme system of cyanobacteriumSynechocystis PCC 6803

The 24 h effect of low (20°C) and high (43°C) temperature on the antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation was investigated in intact cells of the cyanobacteriumSynechocystis PCC 6803 grown at 36°C. At low temperature treated cells, the superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly higher and the protein content lower than in high temperature treated cells. The increase of hydroxyl free radical level and malonyldialdehyde formation, when algal cells were exposed to low temperature, were due to the stimulated production of superoxide radicals O₂ ⁻ and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂).     

Induction of heat tolerance in wheat coleoptiles by calcium ions and its relation to oxidative stress

Effects of Ca²⁺ ions on the intensity of lipid peroxidation, activities of guaiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase, as well as on heat resistance of winter wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) coleoptiles were examined. A preliminary incubation of coleoptile segments in a 5 mM CaCl₂ solution was shown to improve their survival rates after an injuring heat treatment (43.5°C). The effect of Ca²⁺ was suppressed by the inhibitor of Ca²⁺ channels (1 mM LaCl₃). An incubation of coleoptiles in the presence of 5 mM CaCl₂ prior to the stress treatment elevated the content of lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde (MDA) and stimulated the activities of guaiacol peroxidase, SOD, and catalase. After the heat exposure of untreated and Ca²⁺-treated seedlings, differential changes in MDA content and in activities of guaiacol peroxidase, SOD, and catalase were observed. It is concluded that a short-term oxidative stress arising in Ca²⁺-enriched plant tissues after the heat treatment is unrelated to their irreversible damage.Translated from Fiziologiya Rastenii, Vol. 52, No. 2, 2005, pp. 227–232.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Kolupaev, Akinina, Mokrousov.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

Detection of ischemia-reperfusion cardiac injury by cardiac muscle chemiluminescence

Various methods have been used in the past to assess the implication of oxygen free radicals (OFR) in ischemia-reperfusion-induced cardiac injury. Luminol-enhanced tert-butyl-initiated chemiluminescence in cardiac tissue reflects oxidative stress and is a very sensitive method. It was used to elucidate the role of OFR in cardiac injury due to ischemia and reperfusion. Studies were conducted on perfused isolated rabbit hearts in three groups (n = 8 in each): I, control; II, submitted to global ischemia for 30 min; III, submitted to ischemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 60 min. The heart tissue was then assayed for chemiluminescence (CL); content of malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of OFR-induced cardiac injury; and activity of tissue levels of antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)].The control values for left and right ventricular CL and malondialdehyde were 81.1 ± 15.4 (S.E.) and 182.4 ± 50.3 (S.E.), mv-min-mg protein^–1; and 0.024 ± 0.006 (S.E.) and 0.324 ± 0.005 (S.E.) nmoles-mg protein^–1 respectively. Ischemia produced an increase in the cardiac CL (3.3 to 4.4 fold) and MDA content (2 to 2.6 fold). Reperfusion following ischemia also produced similar changes in CL and MDA content. The control values for activity of left ventricular SOD, catalase, and GSH-Px were 45.77 ± 1.73 (S.E.) U-mg protein^–1 5.35 ± 0.51 (S.E.) K-10^–3-sec^–1-mg protein^–1, and 77.50 ± 7.70 (S.E.) nmoles NADPH-min^–1-mg protein^–1 respectively. Activities of SOD and catalase decreased during ischemia but were similar to control values in ischemic-reperfused hearts. The GSH-Px activity of left ventricle was unaffected by ischemia, and ischemia-reperfusion. GSH-Px activity of the right ventricle increased with ischemia, and ischemic-reperfusion.These results indicate that cardiac tissue chemiluminescence would be a useful and sensitive tool for the detection of oxygen free radical-induced cardiac injury.     

Short-term effect of elevated CO2 concentration and high irradiance on the antioxidant enzymes in bean plants

The effect of short-term exposure to elevated CO₂ concentration and high irradiance on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidases (GPX) and catalase (CAT), and on the extent of the lipid peroxidation was studied in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants. Plants were exposed for 4 d (8 h a day) to irradiance of 100 (LI) or 1000 (HI) μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ at ambient (CA, 350 μmol mol⁻¹) or elevated (CE, 1300 μmol mol⁻¹) CO₂ concentration. Four-day exposure to CE increased the leaf dry mass in HI plants and RuBPC activity and chlorophyll content in LI plants. Total soluble protein content, leaf dry matter and RuBPC activity were higher in HI than in LI plants, although the HI and CE increased the contents of malonyldialdehyde and H₂O₂. Under CA, exposure to HI increased the activity of APX and decreased the total SOD activity. Under CE, HI treatment also activated APX and led to reduction of both, SOD and GPX, enzymes activities. CE considerably reduced the CAT activity at both irradiances, possibly due to suppressed rate of photorespiration under CE conditions.     

Alleviation of NaCl Stress by Pretreatment with Phytohormones in Vigna radiata

Efficiency of pretreatment as foliar spray of indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid and kinetin, each ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 μM concentration, in restoring the metabolic alterations imposed by NaCl salinity was investigated in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. Glycolate oxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activities increased under stress in leaves and roots also. Malondialdehyde content and total peroxide content also increased under stress. All the three hormones used were able to overcome to variable extents the adverse effects of stress imposed by NaCl to these parameters. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Salt Stress Injury Induces Oxidative Alterations and Antioxidative Defence in the Roots of Lemna minor

Lemna minor L. roots were treated with different concentrations of NaCl. Lipid peroxidation was investigated histochemically and biochemically. At higher NaCl concentrations an increase in staining was observed in the root apices as compared to control for lipid peroxidation and loss of membrane integrity as well as an increase in contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and peroxide. Both the non-enzymic antioxidants, ascorbate and glutathione increased with the NaCl concentration in the roots. Whereas an increase in superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities were marked, catalase activity decreased in the roots under NaCl stress. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effects of Simulated Acid Precipitation on Photosynthesis,Chlorophyll Fluorescence,and Antioxidative Enzymes in Cucumis sativus L.

The effects of simulated acid rain on gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and anti-oxidative enzyme activity in cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jingchun No. 4) were investigated. Acid rain significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate and mainly non-stomatal factors contributed to the decrease of photosynthesis during the experimental period. The reduced photosynthesis was associated with a decreased maximal photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) and the average quantum yield of the photosystem 2 (PS2) reaction centres (_PS2). Meanwhile, acid rain significantly increased the activities of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), but decreased the activity of catalase (CAT) together with an increased content of malonyldialdehyde (MDA), Hence the changes in photosynthesis in acid rain treatment might be a secondary effect of acidity damage probably due to lipid peroxidation of lipids and proteins in thylakoid membrane rather than direct effect on PS2 reaction centre.     

Induction of lipid peroxidation by oxalate in experimental rat urolithiasis

The function of lipid peroxidation and the antiperoxidative enzymes of rat liver and kidney were studied in stone formation induced by intraperitoneal administration of sodium oxalate (7 mg/100 g body weight). The animals sacrificed 3 and 12 h after administration of sodium oxalate had higher level of malondialdehyde in liver and kidney than control animals. A significantly pronounced release of malondialdehyde was observed in treated liver and kidney homogenates when incubated with either ferrous sulphate or hydrogen peroxide compared to control liver and kidney. Superoxide dismutase activity was increased only in liver and not in kidney in treated animals compared to the control. A highly significant decrease in catalase activity was observed in both liver and kidney of treated animals.     

抗坏血酸对沙打旺原生质体分离和培养中膜损伤及相关酶活性的影响

抗坏血酸（ＡＳＡ） 能减轻沙打旺原生质体的褐化,改善原生质体的培养状况。ＡＳＡ的作用可能与它增强原生质体抗过氧化能力有关。酶解处理诱导原生质体超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ） 和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ＡＰＸ）活性升高,但培养过程使ＡＰＸ 活性明显下降,原生质体清除过氧化物能力减弱,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（ ＭＤＡ） 积累增加,膜发生损伤。向酶溶液和培养基中添加ＡＳＡ 可显著提高ＳＯＤ 尤其是ＡＰＸ 活性,减轻膜脂过氧化,增强原生质体的存活力,促进原生质体的分裂和细胞克隆的形成。所有处理中过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ） 活性变化不大,表明它在原生质体清除过氧化物过程中不具主要作用。     

Salicylic acid induced changes on antioxidant capacity,pigments and grain yield of soybean genotypes in water deficit condition

Salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in the regulation of plant growth and development in response to water deficit. The effect of SA (0, 0.4 and 0.8?mM) on some physiological parameters of three soybean genotypes was investigated in three irrigation schedules included (85%, 65% and 45% of field capacity) during 2014–2015. Results showed that water deficit decreased stomatal conductance, leaf area index, relative water content, membrane stability index, yield components and grain yield particularly in L17 genotype. Activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and concentration of hydrogen peroxide, proline and total protein were increased in response to water deficit as well as SA applications. SA inhibited catalase activity resulting in increased hydrogen peroxide accumulation in soybean genotypes. Application of 0.4?mM SA decreased the adverse effects of water deficit in soybean genotypes by elevation of antioxidant enzymes activity and reducing malondialdehyde formation especially in Williams genotype.     

Effect of aluminium on lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities in root tips of soybean (Glycine max)

Inhibition of root elongation and modification of membrane properties are sensitive responses of plants to aluminium. The present paper reports on the effect of AI on lipid peroxidation and activities of enzymes related to production of activated oxygen species. Soybean seedlings (Glycine max L. cv. Sito) were precultured in solution culture for 3–5 days and then treated for 1–72 h with Al (AICI₃) concentrations ranging from 10 to 75 μM at a constant pH of 4.1. In response to Al supply, lipid peroxidation in the root tips (< 2 cm) was enhanced only after longer durations of treatment. Aluminium-dependent increase in lipid peroxidation was intensified by Fe²⁺ (FeSO₄). A close relationship existed between lipid peroxidation and inhibition of root-elongation rate induced by Al and/or Fe toxicity and/or Ca deficiency. Besides enhancement of lipid peroxidation in the crude extracts of root tips due to Al, the activities of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) and peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) increased, whereas catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) activity decreased. This indicates a greater generation of oxygen free radicals and related tissue damage. The results suggest that lipid peroxidation is part of the overall expression of Al toxicity in roots and that enhanced lipid peroxidation by oxygen free radicals is a consequence of primary effects of Al on membrane structure.     

Effects of aluminum sulphate and citric acid ingestion on lipid peroxidation and on activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in cerebral hemisphere and liver of developing young chicks

Effect of oral administration of aluminum sulphate (200 and 400 mg/kg body wt/day) without or with citric acid (62 mg/kg body wt/day) to day-old White Leghorn male chicks (n = 5 per group) for 30 days was studied on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, and level of lipid peroxidation in cerebral hemisphere and liver. A 400 mg dose of Al in the presence of citric acid inhibited cytosolic total and CN^--sensitive superoxide dismutase activities of the cerebral hemisphere in 7- and 30-day treated chicks, whereas in 15-day treated chicks the enzyme activities were decreased in response to both doses in the presence of citric acid. In case of liver, activities of these enzymes significantly decreased after 7, 15 and 30 days of treatment with 200 and 400 mg Al together with citric acid, whereas 400 mg Al alone inhibited the enzyme activities after 15 and 30 days of treatment. Cerebral catalase activity decreased in response to 400 mg Al when the chicks were also fed with citric acid for 7 and 30 days, but in 15-day treated chicks the enzyme activity was depleted following treatment with 200 and 400 mg Al combined with citric acid. 400 mg Al treatment for 7 days in combination with citric acid inhibited hepatic catalase activity and extension of the treatment period to 15 and 30 days also produced reduction in its activity even in response to the lower Al dose mixed with citric acid. CN^--insensitive SOD activity of cerebral hemisphere and liver was unaffected by Al. Al also failed to induce lipid peroxidation in both the tissues throughout the course of exposure. Activities of SOD and catalase of cerebral hemisphere and liver of 30-day old chicks were observed to be inhibited by in vitro incubation with different concentrations of Al. Our in vivo study demonstrates that only CN^--sensitive SOD is susceptible to Al. Further, responses of SOD and catalase to Al is tissue specific. The observed inhibition of antioxidant enzyme activities by A1 is suggestive of a prooxidant state. Induction of such an oxidative condition of the tissues may be attributed to a direct effect of the metal on enzyme molecules or in their synthesis.     

Effect of drought on biomass, protein content, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in two sesame cultivars

The effects of drought on growth, protein content, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were studied in leaves and roots of Sesamum indicum L. cvs. Darab 14 and Yekta. Four weeks after sowing, plants were grown under soil moisture corresponding to 100, 75, 50 and 25 % field capacity for next four weeks. Fresh and dry masses, and total protein content in leaves and roots decreased obviously under drought. However, several new proteins appeared and content of some proteins was affected. Measurement of malondialdehyde content in leaves and roots showed that lipid peroxidation was lower in Yekta than in Darab 14. Severe stress increased SOD, POX, CAT and PPO activities in leaves and roots, especially in Yekta. According to the present study Yekta is more resistant to drought than Darab 14.