金黄色葡萄球菌反向线性杂交探针检测方法的建立

目的建立一种检测金黄色葡萄球菌的简单、快速、灵敏、准确的方法。方法根据金黄色葡萄球菌的耐热核酸酶nuc基因,设计一对通用引物及两条特异性探针,用生物素标记通用引物的5＇端,将两条特异性探针固定于硝酸纤维膜上,使PCR产物与探针杂交。结果建立的反向线性杂交探针方法,其检测限为2 ng/μL,检测特异性和准确性均为100%。结论建立的反向线性杂交检测方法具有较高的敏感性和特异性,可用于实验动物金黄色葡萄球菌的快速检测。     

PCR技术在检测鼠金黄色葡萄球菌中的应用研究

目的　建立实验大小鼠金黄色葡萄球菌的快速检测方法———PCR法。方法　根据已公布的金黄色葡萄球菌耐热核酸酶nuc基因的序列 ,设计并合成一对特异性的引物 ,利用PCR技术扩增nuc基因片段。对金黄色葡萄球菌和其他非金黄色葡萄球菌菌株抽提的DNA进行扩增。结果　金黄色葡萄球菌PCR产物出现 6 6 8bp的特异性DNA扩增片段 ,而其他非金黄色葡萄球菌未出现扩增片段 ,证实了合成的引物对金黄色葡萄球菌具有特异性。将抽提的金黄色葡萄球菌DNA进行系列稀释 ,测定此PCR体系的敏感性 ,结果显示 ,该PCR体系能检出 3pg金黄色葡萄球菌DNA ,且从抽提DNA到PCR扩增及电泳结束仅需 4h。结论　本研究所建立的扩增耐热核酸酶nuc基因检测鼠金黄色葡萄球菌的PCR方法 ,具有快速、可靠、敏感和特异的特点 ,可用于临床样品和金黄色葡萄球菌感染时的检测 ,适合应用于实验大小鼠的监测。     

纳米金标记核酸探针检测小反刍兽疫 病毒核酸的研究

试验旨在探讨利用纳米金标记寡核苷酸探针快速检测小反刍兽疫病毒核酸的方法。针对小反刍兽疫病毒N基因的高度保守区设计两条特异寡核苷酸探针,一条探针5’端修饰生物素,另一条探针3’端修饰巯基。巯基化的探针通过Au-S键连接到纳米金颗粒上。靶核酸两端分别与两条探针结合,形成"生物素化探针-靶核酸-纳米金探针"复合物,该复合物通过生物素-亲和素系统,固定在固相载体上,最后银染放大信号。通过肉眼观察法、光镜观察法、分光光度法分析银染灰度,从而间接测定靶核酸的量。初步检测PPRV核酸最低浓度达10fmol/L,所需时间约为1.5h。该方法灵敏度高、操作简单,为临床检测小反刍兽疫病毒核酸提供实验数据和技术支持。     

银染增强的纳米金标记探针对微量核酸的检测

本研究利用银染增强的纳米金技术建立了一种简单快速的核酸定量方法.该方法基于纳米金与烷巯基修饰的寡核苷酸分子共价键合作用,将纳米微粒报告基团标记在与靶核酸一端序列互补的寡核苷酸上,同时生物素化修饰另一端互补序列.靶核酸与两段寡核苷酸探针杂交后,借亲和素固定在酶标板孔内,通过纳米金催化的银染放大效应产生高灵敏的识别信号,适时记录其吸光度值从而实现核酸分子的定量.该检测方法检测单链核酸分子的灵敏度达0.1 fM,双链分子为10 fM.     

环介导等温扩增技术快速检测肉中金黄色葡萄球菌

应用环介导等温扩增（loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP）技术建立了对肉中金黄色葡萄球菌检测的方法。实验中,使用了最新的Bst 20 WarmStart DNA聚合酶完成LAMP扩增反应,并针对金黄色葡萄球菌所特有的保守性耐热核酸酶基因（nuc）设计得到了一套LAMP扩增引物。对LAMP法和PCR法的检测灵敏度进行了比较,同时对人工污染肉中的金黄色葡萄球菌进行检测。结果表明：所建立的LAMP法能够特异性的检测金黄色葡萄球菌,并且检测金黄色葡萄球菌纯菌的灵敏度为201×100CFU/mL,是普通PCR检测灵敏度的100倍。在检测肉中金黄色葡萄球菌时,检测限为201×101CFU/mL。因此,本实验所建立的LAMP法检测肉中金黄色葡萄球菌的方法,具有灵敏、快速以及简便等的优点,是一种具有很好的发展前景的检测手段。     

应用纳米金探针检测HSV-2的目视化基因芯片

本实验建立了一种应用金标链霉亲和素探针的目视化高灵敏度检测单纯疱疹病毒2型(Herpes Simplex Virus-2, HSV-2)的基因芯片.该芯片以HSV-2 DNA 聚合酶的高保守区为靶序列,设计HSV-2特异性引物和探针,通过PCR反应使扩增产物标记上生物素;氨基修饰的探针固定在活化的玻片上,与生物素标记的扩增产物杂交;利用生物素与链酶亲和素高亲合力的特性,加入纳米金标记的链酶亲和素后形成生物素-链酶亲和素-纳米金生物反应放大系统;银染反应后,达到目视化检测HSV-2效果.该HSV-2检测基因芯片能目视化检测出100fmol/L的HSV-2扩增产物,具有灵敏度高,低成本的特点,通过临床标本验证表明该芯片具有较高的准确性.     

应用纳米金探针检测HSV-2的目视化基因芯片

本实验建立了一种应用金标链霉亲和素探针的目视化高灵敏度检测单纯疱疹病毒2型(HerpesSimplexVirus-2,HSV-2)的基因芯片。该芯片以HSV-2DNA聚合酶的高保守区为靶序列,设计HSV-2特异性引物和探针,通过PCR反应使扩增产物标记上生物素;氨基修饰的探针固定在活化的玻片上,与生物素标记的扩增产物杂交;利用生物素与链酶亲和素高亲合力的特性,加入纳米金标记的链酶亲和素后形成生物素-链酶亲和素-纳米金生物反应放大系统;银染反应后,达到目视化检测HSV-2效果。该HSV-2检测基因芯片能目视化检测出100fmol/L的HSV-2扩增产物,具有灵敏度高,低成本的特点,通过临床标本验证表明该芯片具有较高的准确性。     

基于纳米金的显色基因芯片快速检测病原微生物

为构建一种新型的比色芯片,以实现对临床常见感染病原微生物的快速、准确地检测和鉴定.采用纳米金标记巯基修饰的各待检病原微生物的特异性基因片段,与相应的以各待检靶序列的特异性寡核苷酸探针构建成的基因芯片杂交,并通过结合银染反应将杂交信号被放大形成裸眼可见的显色信息来判读检测结果.该芯片技术检测时间短,最低检测值达 100fmol/L.操作方法简单,不需要特殊设备,能部分满足临床检测的通量要求,具有很好的临床应用前景.     

纳米金基因芯片结合通用PCR同时检测多个病原性真菌

基于致病性真菌rDNA基因分型技术,构建采用通用引物的一次PCK法,并结合纳米金新型基因芯片检测系统实现一次对多个临床常见致病性酵母菌的检测分析.用生物素标记的通用引物扩增各真菌DNA片段并与基因芯片杂交,然后将链酶亲和素标记的纳米金结合到杂交体上,杂交信号通过银染反应被放大形成裸眼可见的显色信息.结果表明,通用引物可扩增临床常见的真菌DNA,选用的各探针特异性强、可靠性好,芯片的最低检测值达50 fmol/L.临床样品检测结果与常规鉴定方法结果一致.该技术检测时间短、操作简单、不需要特殊设备,能部分满足临床检测的通量要求,具有很好的临床应用前景.     

基于银染增强的纳米金探针定量检测microRNA

MicroRNA是一类存在于动植物体内的重要的、序列高度同源的基因表达转录后调节因子,近来对microRNA不同表达模式和调节作用的研究要求能够快速、灵敏、特异地检测痕量microRNA的方法．利用纳米金银染增强技术建立了一种简单快速的microRNA定量方法,以纳米金标记的寡核苷酸分子作为信号探针,以生物素标记寡核苷酸分子作为捕获探针,经链霉亲和素-生物素作用将靶序列捕获在固相载体酶标孔上,继而通过纳米金催化的银染增强放大效应产生高灵敏的识别信号,记录其吸光度值从而实现microRNA分子的定量．用该方法检测小鼠肝脏,脑组织中miR-122a和miR-128各自的含量及合成miR-122a,结果表明其在良好的线形范围(10 pmol/L～10 fmol/L)内最低检测限为10 fmol/L,能够特异地区别单核苷酸错配的靶microRNA．     

The detection of a transgenic soybean biochip using gold label silver stain technology

A method for the rapid detection of transgenic soybean crops based on a combination of gene chip and "gold label silver stain" (GLSS) technologies has been established. To ensure the specificity of this method, the CaMV35S promoter and Nos terminator were selected as probes because they are both exogenous genes that are specific to transgenic soybean plants. The addition of biotin-modified dUTPs to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system can produce amplified nucleic acid segments containing biotin. These labeled PCR products then hybridize with specific probes on the chip and are subsequently bound by streptavidin-modified gold nanoparticles (GNPs). Due to the catalytic nature of the GNPs, silver staining can be used to visualize the hybridized probes, which appear as signals in varying shades of gray. The intensity value of the gray signals can be obtained using a general scanner. Silver staining for 10 min was determined to produce the optimal signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, this method was shown to be highly specific and had a detection sensitivity of 288.57 pg/μL.     

Comparison of different approaches to quantify Staphylococcus aureus cells by real-time quantitative PCR and application of this technique for examination of cheese.

Two different real-time quantitative PCR (RTQ-PCR) approaches were applied for PCR-based quantification of Staphylococcus aureus cells by targeting the thermonuclease (nuc) gene. Purified DNA extracts from pure cultures of S. aureus were quantified in a LightCycler system using SYBR Green I. Quantification proved to be less sensitive (60 nuc gene copies/microl) than using a fluorigenic TaqMan probe (6 nuc gene copies/microl). Comparison of the LightCycler system and the well-established ABI Prism 7700 SDS with TaqMan probes revealed no statistically significant differences with respect to sensitivity and reproducibility. Application of the RTQ-PCR assay to quantify S. aureus cells in artificially contaminated cheeses of different types achieved sensitivities from 1.5 x 10(2) to 6.4 x 10(2) copies of the nuc gene/2 g, depending on the cheese matrix. The coefficients of correlation between log CFU and nuc gene copy numbers ranged from 0.979 to 0.998, thus enabling calculation of the number of CFU of S. aureus in cheese by performing RTQ-PCR.     

Colorimetric silver detection of DNA microarrays

Development of microarrays has revolutionized gene expression analysis and molecular diagnosis through miniaturization and the multiparametric features. Critical factors affecting detection efficiency of targets hybridization on microarray are the design of capture probes, the way they are attached to the support, and the sensitivity of the detection method. Microarrays are currently detected in fluorescence using a sophisticated confocal laser-based scanner. In this work, we present a new colorimetric detection method which is intented to make the use of microarray a powerful procedure and a low-cost tool in research and clinical settings. The signal generated with this method results from the precipitation of silver onto nanogold particles bound to streptavidin, the latter being used for detecting biotinylated DNA. This colorimetric method has been compared to the Cy-3 fluorescence method. The detection limit of both methods was equivalent and corresponds to 1 amol of biotinylated DNA attached on an array. Scanning and data analysis of the array were obtained with a colorimetric-based workstation.     

In situ hybridization technique using an immunogold silver staining system

Summary Anin situ hybridization technique using an immunogold silver staining detection system was used to detect biotinylated DNA probes in cultured cells and in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. The detection method is rapid, reliable and economical, producing an insoluble signal at the site of hybridization which is visible at low-power light microscopy and which can be enhanced by epipolarization microscopy.     

Detection of pathogenic bacteria in shellfish using multiplex PCR followed by CovaLink NH microwell plate sandwich hybridization

Outbreak of diseases associated with consumption of raw shellfish especially oysters is a major concern to the seafood industry and public health agencies. A multiplex PCR amplification of targeted gene segments followed by DNA-DNA sandwich hybridization was optimized to detect the etiologic agents. First, a multiplex PCR amplification of hns, spvB, vvh, ctx and tl was developed enabling simultaneous detection of total Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus from both pure cultures and seeded oysters. Amplicons were then subjected to a colorimetric CovaLink NH microwell plate sandwich hybridization using phosphorylated and biotinlylated oligonucleotide probes, the nucleotide sequences of which were located internal to the amplified DNA. The results from the hybridization with the multiplexed PCR amplified DNA exhibited a high signal/noise ratio ranging between 14.1 and 43.2 measured at 405 nm wavelength. The sensitivity of detection for each pathogen was 10(2) cells/g of oyster tissue homogenate. The results from this study showed that the combination of the multiplex PCR with a colorimetric microwell plate sandwich hybridization assay permits a specific, sensitive, and reproducible system for the detection of the microbial pathogens in shellfish, thereby improving the microbiological safety of shellfish to consumers.     

乙型脑炎病毒可视化分型基因芯片的制备

目的:制备乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)可视化分型基因芯片。方法:根据JEV的基因组序列,应用生物学软件设计JEV分型引物及探针,制备其可视化分型基因芯片;用生物素标记的引物PCR扩增目的片段,并与固定于玻片上的探针杂交,加入链霉亲和素标记的纳米金,银增强实现可视化;进行特异性、灵敏性及重复性试验。结果:探针特异地与相应的标记目的基因片段杂交,并在芯片上呈现较强的阳性杂交信号;2号探针能特异性检出JEV,3、4号探针可分别对Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型JEV进行分型;芯片对JEV质粒检测的灵敏度达105拷贝/mL;以蓝耳病病毒等5种病毒为对照,芯片只对JEV响应,具有特异性;制备的基因芯片具有批间、批内重复性。结论:制备的基因芯片具有高特异性、灵敏性及重复性,可以快速、准确、高通量地对JEV进行可视化分型检测。     

Application of a unique server-based oligonucleotide probe selection tool toward a novel biosensor for the detection of Streptococcus pyogenes

We developed a software program for the rapid selection of detection probes to be used in nucleic acid-based assays. In comparison to commercially available software packages, our program allows the addition of oligotags as required by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) as well as automatic BLAST searches for all probe/primer pairs. We then demonstrated the usefulness of the program by designing a novel lateral flow biosensor for Streptococcus pyogenes that does not rely on amplification methods such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or NASBA to obtain low limits of detection, but instead uses multiple reporter and capture probes per target sequence and an instantaneous amplification via dye-encapsulating liposomes. These assays will decrease the detection time to just a 20 min hybridization reaction and avoid costly enzymatic gene amplification reactions. The lateral flow assay was developed quantifying the 16S rRNA from S. pyogenes by designing reporter and capture probes that specifically hybridize with the RNA and form a sandwich. DNA reporter probes were tagged with dye-encapsulating liposomes, biotinylated DNA oligonucleotides were used as capture probes. From the initial number of capture and reporter probes chosen, a combination of two capture and three reporter probes were found to provide optimal signal generation and significant enhancement over single capture/reporter probe combinations. The selectivity of the biosensor was proven by analyzing organisms closely related to S. pyogenes, such as other Streptococcus and Enterococcus species. All probes had been selected by the software program within minutes and no iterative optimization and re-design of the oligonucleotides was required which enabled a very rapid biosensor prototyping. While the sensitivity obtained with the biosensor was only 135 ng, future experiments will decrease this significantly by the addition of more reporter and capture probes for either the same rRNA or a different nucleic acid target molecule. This will lead to the possibility of detecting S. pyogenes with a rugged assay that does not require a cell culturing or gene amplification step and will therefore enable rapid, specific and sensitive onsite testing.