利用KASP标记筛选含rhg1和Rhg4位点的大豆抗病资源

大豆胞囊线虫(SCN,soybean cyst nematode)病是一种世界性大豆病害,培育抗SCN大豆品种是防治SCN的重要措施.本研究利用来自抗SCN主效位点rhg1和Rhg4的2个KASP标记,对487份大豆材料进行筛选,选择含有抗性位点且农艺性状优异的材料;通过室内接种大豆胞囊线虫2号、4号、5号生理小种和新...     

Determination of Resistance or Susceptibility of Soybean Genotypes to Soybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera glycines, Race 3

Resistance and/or susceptibility of several soybean genotypes to soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, race 3 was investigated. Three, 11, and 4 soybean genotypes were identified as resistant, moderately resistant, and susceptible, respectively. Resistant plants had fewer cysts on the roots and more root nodules, with the converse in susceptible plants. Reduction in yield of six extensively grown soybean cvs in Alabama was from 10 to 56% compared with the north Alabama average; resistant cv. ‘Bedford’ showed a yield loss of 10%. Cyst numbers were negatively correlated with nodule numbers and other agronomic characters. Nodules and other yield components were positively correlated except for non-correlation of nodules and number of pods with plant height in the 1980 experiment.     

Genetic Diversity of Soybean and the Establishment of a Core Collection Focused on Resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode

Soybean cyst nematode （SCN; Heterodera glycines） Is one of the most Important pests affecting soybean production. The best method of control of SCN is through the development of resistant cultlvars. However, limited progress has been made in soybean breeding In China because most modern cultlvars have no resistance to SCN. The distribution and phenotype of 432 immune or highly resistant Chinese accessions were surveyed and a primary core collection was selected as a representative sample for further analyses. Using evenly distributed simple sequence repeat markers, five selection methods were applied to the primary core collection and the optimal method was chosen to establish a core collection, which consisted of 28 accessions. These encompassed 70.8% of the ailelic variation present in the overall resistant collection. The 28 accessions differed from the reference resistant accessions at the genomlc level, Indicating that Chinese resistant accessions are distinct from known resistant accessions. This applied core collection provides a rational framework for undertaking diversity surveys, using genetic variation for the investigation of complex traits and for the discovery of novel traits.     

大豆胞囊线虫抗性基因定位与克隆研究进展

大豆胞囊线虫（soybean cyst nematode,SCN）是大豆生产上一种危害严重的世界性害虫,能给大豆生产造成极大损失。大豆抗性品种选育是防治其措施中最经济、有效的方法。大豆SCN抗性的分子遗传学研究是开展大豆SCN抗性分子育种的理论基础,本文针对SCN抗性基因定位和克隆两个方面的研究现状进行了综述,并对当前研究中存在的问题及发展前景进行了讨论与展望。     

大豆胞囊线虫抗性基因定位与克隆研究进展

大豆胞囊线虫(soybean cyst nematode, SCN)是大豆生产上一种危害严重的世界性害虫, 能给大豆生产造成极大损失。大豆抗性品种选育是防治其措施中最经济、有效的方法。大豆SCN抗性的分子遗传学研究是开展大豆SCN抗性分子育种的理论基础, 本文针对SCN抗性基因定位和克隆两个方面的研究现状进行了综述, 并对当前研究中存在的问题及发展前景进行了讨论与展望。     

抗除草剂转基因大豆插入拷贝数及其旁侧序列分析

目的:确定抗除草剂转基因大豆外源基因拷贝数和其插入位点侧翼序列.方法:采用绝对定量PCR法测定转EPSPS基因大豆中外源基因拷贝数,内参照基因标准曲线选用大豆凝集素(Lectin)基因为标准品,外源基因标准曲线以含EPSPS基因的阳性质粒为标准品.采用基因组步移技术和巢式PCR方法确定抗除草剂转基因大豆插入位点旁侧序列.结果:抗除草剂转基因大豆外源基因的拷贝数为1.CaMV35S上游扩增887bp,NOS下游扩增1 340bp.结论:明确了EPSPS外源基因在转基因大豆中为单拷贝,转基因大豆插入位点附近大豆基因组发生了DNA重排.     

Evolutionary Changes in Gene Expression,Coding Sequence and Copy-Number at the Cyp6g1 Locus Contribute to Resistance to Multiple Insecticides in Drosophila

Widespread use of insecticides has led to insecticide resistance in many populations of insects. In some populations, resistance has evolved to multiple pesticides. In Drosophila melanogaster, resistance to multiple classes of insecticide is due to the overexpression of a single cytochrome P450 gene, Cyp6g1. Overexpression of Cyp6g1 appears to have evolved in parallel in Drosophila simulans, a sibling species of D. melanogaster, where it is also associated with insecticide resistance. However, it is not known whether the ability of the CYP6G1 enzyme to provide resistance to multiple insecticides evolved recently in D. melanogaster or if this function is present in all Drosophila species. Here we show that duplication of the Cyp6g1 gene occurred at least four times during the evolution of different Drosophila species, and the ability of CYP6G1 to confer resistance to multiple insecticides exists in D. melanogaster and D. simulans but not in Drosophila willistoni or Drosophila virilis. In D. virilis, which has multiple copies of Cyp6g1, one copy confers resistance to DDT and another to nitenpyram, suggesting that the divergence of protein sequence between copies subsequent to the duplication affected the activity of the enzyme. All orthologs tested conferred resistance to one or more insecticides, suggesting that CYP6G1 had the capacity to provide resistance to anthropogenic chemicals before they existed. Finally, we show that expression of Cyp6g1 in the Malpighian tubules, which contributes to DDT resistance in D. melanogaster, is specific to the D. melanogaster–D. simulans lineage. Our results suggest that a combination of gene duplication, regulatory changes and protein coding changes has taken place at the Cyp6g1 locus during evolution and this locus may play a role in providing resistance to different environmental toxins in different Drosophila species.     

易变山羊草抗禾谷孢囊线虫基因中核苷酸结合位点区(NBS)的克隆及序列分析

 大部分已克隆的植物抗病基因都包含有核苷酸结合位点区 (NBS)和富含亮氨酸的重复序列区 (LRR) .利用来自节节麦的抗禾谷孢囊线虫基因Cre3位点NBS区保守序列设计特异引物 ,从含有来自易变山羊草的抗禾谷孢囊线虫基因的小麦品系E 10的基因组中PCR扩增得到一条约 5 30bp的单一条带 .将扩增条带克隆和序列分析发现 ,该克隆 (Rccn4 )的编码区长 5 2 8bp ,含一个不完整的开放读码框 ,没有起始密码子、终止密码子和内含子结构 ,它编码一个 176个氨基酸残基的蛋白质 ,分子量为 2 0 4kD .Rccn4含有NBS LRR类抗病基因NBS区共有的保守模体I(V)LDD、T(T S)R、G(L S)PLA(A I L)、RCF(A L)Y ,并且与Cre3基因的NBS编码区核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为99 4 %和 98% .它是一个新的含NBS编码区核苷酸的抗禾谷孢囊线虫基因     

Colonization of Soybean Cyst Nematode Females,Cysts, and Gelatinous Matrices by the Fungus Verticillium lecanii

Heterodera glycines was grown in monoxenic culture on soybean roots and then inoculated with the antagonistic fungus Verticillium lecanii. Use of root explant cultures allowed evaluation of the fungus-nematode interaction with the nematode attached to roots or removed from the host, and avoided contamination with other fungi. From 16 hours to 14 days following inoculation, female and cyst samples were examined with the light microscope, or prepared for either conventional or low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. Within 16 hours, hyphae had begun colonizing the gelatinous matrices (GM). The fungus proliferated in the GM of some specimens within a week, but was rarely seen in unhatched eggs. Fungus penetration holes in female and cyst walls were observed 3 days after inoculation; penetration through nematode orifices was not seen at that time. More cysts than females were colonized at the earliest sampling dates. Specimens associated with external hyphae exhibited variable internal colonization, ranging from no fungal penetration to extensive mycelial growth.     

Esterase Allozymes of Soybean Cyst Nematode,Heterodera glycines,from China,Japan, and the United States

Individual females from 19 populations of Heterodera glycines from China, Japan, and the United States were analyzed for esterase allozyme polymorphism. Eight esterase electrophoretic phenotypes were resolved. Four putative loci, est-1, est-2, est-3, and est-4, were identified, having one, one, two, and one allele, respectively. The four loci expressed six genotypes in the four Chinese populations. Loci est-2, est-3, and est-4 were identified in five Japanese populations and expressed five genotypes, whereas only loci est-2 and est-3 were identified in 10 populations from the United States and expressed four genotypes. Putative alleles at each locus were defined as characters for data analysis. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (PAUP) was utilized to determine relationships among the 19 populations. More loci and alleles in populations from China and phylogenetic similarities among populations from Japan and the United States are consistent with a founder effect resulting from dissemination of progenitor H. glycines from China to Japan and subsequent introductions of founder populations from Japan to the United States.     

Soybean Resistance Genes Specific for Different Pseudomonas Syringae Avirulence Genes Are Allelic, or Closely Linked, at the Rpg1 Locus

RPG1 and RPM1 are disease resistance genes in soybean and Arabidopsis, respectively, that confer resistance to Pseudomonas syringae strains expressing the avirulence gene avrB. RPM1 has recently been demonstrated to have a second specificity, also conferring resistance to P. syringae strains expressing avrRpm1. Here we show that alleles, or closely linked genes, exist at the RPG1 locus in soybean that are specific for either avrB or avrRpm1 and thus can distinguish between these two avirulence genes.     

Relatively Small Contribution of Methylation and Genomic Copy Number Aberration to the Aberrant Expression of Inflammation-Related Genes in HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

BackgroundIt is well known that chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV) related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the causes behind aberrant expression of inflammation-related genes occurred in HCC remain unclear.MethodsWe performed array-based analyses to comprehensively investigate the contributions of DNA methylation and somatic copy number aberration (SCNA) to the aberrant expression of 1,027 inflammation-related genes in 30 HCCs and paired non-tumor tissues. The results were validated in public datasets and an additional sample set of 47 paired HCCs and non-tumor tissues.ResultsWe identified 252 differentially expressed, 125 aberrantly methylated and 287 copy number changed inflammation-related genes. Despite reasonable statistical power, among them, only 11 genes and 56 genes whose aberrant expression was associated with DNA methylation or SCNA, respectively. DNA methylation and SCNA together contributed to less than 30% aberrant expression of inflammation-related genes.ConclusionThese results suggest that molecular mechanisms other than DNA methylation and SCNA might play major role in the regulation of aberrant expression of inflammation-related gene in HBV-related HCCs.