鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系原油葡萄藻母质输入的生物标志物特征

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部西峰油田三叠系延长组烃源岩和原油的有机地球化学研究显示,原油和烃源岩正构烷烃多表现出双峰型特征,且多以低碳数前峰群为主,主峰碳在nC15-nC20之间;规则甾烷相对丰度C28 C27＞C29,且R构型C27、C28和C29规则甾烷分布表现出各种不对称的"V"字型特征;指示了以藻类为主的混合型母质输入特征.所有原油中均检出丰富的两环萜烷(C12-C16)和短链至长链(C15-C34)的单甲基支链烷烃生物标志化合物,本地区主要烃源岩延长组长73-长72段也普遍检出与原油具有相同碳数分布和结构特征的两环烷烃和单甲基支链烷烃,在一定程度上指示了油源对应关系.前人研究表明,葡萄藻(Botryococcus braunii)可能是地质体中两环倍半萜和单甲基支链烷烃的重要母质来源.而西峰地区延长组的微体古生物学研究,恰好在长73-长72段发现丰富的葡萄藻化石.因此.延长组原油和烃源岩中两环倍半萜和单甲基支链烷烃的出现,不仅指示葡萄藻可能是该地区烃类形成的重要母质来源之一,而且指示葡萄藻有机质可能提供了这些标志物的先驱.主要烃源岩中富含葡萄藻化石及其降解形成的无定形有机质,进一步证明葡萄藻可能是鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系陆相石油藻类母质的重要组成.     

弱细颤藻脂溶性化合物分析

对人工培养的弱细颤藻 Oscillatoria tenuis 中有机化合物的初步分析结果表明,脂溶性有机化合物占藻细胞干重5.8%,其中色素化合物含量较高,烃类化合物含量较低。烷烃化合物碳原子数分布范围为 C_(14)—C_(19),以正十七烷含量最高。色素化合物主要为脱镁叶绿素α,β-胡萝卜素和橙红色的未知色素化合物等。     

应用碳氮稳定同位素技术研究江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis ssp. sunameri)食性

稳定同位素技术已广泛地用于分析生态系统中食物网的食物来源和营养级关系,但在海洋哺乳动物食性方面应用较少。通过分析2012年4—6月在辽东湾沿岸海域搁浅而死亡的江豚样本和同时期(6月)取自辽东湾海域主要渔获物的碳氮稳定同位素比值,研究了江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis ssp.sunameri)及其可能摄食饵料的碳氮稳定同位素组成。结果表明:江豚δ13C值为(-18.4±0.3)‰,δ15N值为(13.8±0.4)‰。28种可能生物饵料的δ13C值的范围为-19.5‰—-17.0‰,δ~(15)N值的范围为11.4‰—14.0‰。江豚的营养级为4.5,高于传统胃含物分析法的研究结果。28种测试生物的营养级位于3.8—4.6之间。江豚的食物来源主要以鱼类为主,对食物种类的喜食顺序为中上层鱼类中下层鱼类底层鱼类头足类虾类蟹类,其平均贡献率分别为43.9%、18.2%、13.1%、10.0%、8.8%、6.0%。江豚碳氮稳定同位素比值与体长无明显的线性关系,碳营养源较为稳定,氮营养源复杂多变。     

南海北部琼东南盆地崖北凹陷Y-8-X井晚渐新世—更新世钙质超微化石

对南海北部琼东南盆地崖北凹陷Y-8-X井1 338.1～3 086.1 m井段内的110块样品进行了钙质超微化石分析,发现上部1 338.1～2 075.7 m地层含较丰富的钙质超微化石,而下部2 091.0～3 086.1 m井段化石丰度低或未见。根据钙质超微化石标志种的存在,识别出NN17带、NN15带、NN11带、NN6带、NN4带和NP25带等6个钙质超微化石末现面事件,由此对该井的生物地层进行了划分,认为研究井段的地层时代为晚渐新世—更新世,推测本井缺失了部分中新统沉积。依据钙质超微化石总丰度、分异度及特征性环境指示属或种的丰度变化,探讨了1 338.1～3086.1 m井段的沉积环境演化过程,可分为6个演化阶段。从晚渐新世至更新世,经历了海水由浅变深再变浅的过程,其中早中新世早期水深最浅,中中新世—早上新世水体温暖且水深最大。     

渤海辽东湾海域表层沉积物有机质特征、来源及环境评价分析

为探究渤海辽东湾海域有机质的分布特征及其输入源,2014年8月于辽东湾采集了沉积物表层样品,并检测了有机质的生物地球化学指标:总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)以及碳、氮同位素.结果表明:辽东湾表层沉积物样品的TOC变化范围为0.23％—1.76％,平均值为0.72％;TN的变化范围为0.02％—0.09％,平均值为0....     

南海西沙群岛西科1井早中新世—第四纪生物礁地层中钙质超微化石的发现及其意义

西科1井0.10—1267.80m岩芯中钙质超微化石丰度低,属种比较单调。分析831个样品,仅在48个样品中发现钙质超微化石,共鉴定10属17种及1个未定种,主要化石种为Calcidiscus leptoporus,C.macintyrei,Coccolithus pelagicus,Cyclicargolithus floridanus,Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica,G.oceanica,Helicosphaera carteri,H.euphratis,Pontosphaera multipora,Pseudoemiliania lacunosa,Reticulofenestra minuta,R.minutula,Sphenolithus abies,S.moriformis和S.neoabies等。根据钙质超微化石生物事件及组合特征,结合有孔虫和大型底栖钙藻等研究结果,对西科1井0.10—1267.80m地层进行了划分,大致可划分为5段:1)0.10—212.20m地层属于第四系NN21—NN19带;2)214.29—328.69m归属于更新统NN18带至上新统;3)330.97—598.12m属于上新统NN15带至上中新统;4)599.53—1231.62m归属于中中新统至下中新统;5)1233.62—1267.80m为下中新统。由于化石丰度和分异度均较低,未建立完整的钙质超微化石带序列。根据钙质超微化石标志种及组合特征,确定研究井段的地层时代为早中新世至第四纪。西科1井生物礁地层中钙质超微化石的发现,对该井生物地层的划分起到了十分关键的作用。     

黔西北次生林优势树种叶片-凋落物-土壤连续体有机质碳稳定同位素特征

稳定性碳同位素自然丰度(δ13C)能够揭示生态系统长时间尺度的有机碳动态变化,阐明生态系统功能的变化特征。以黔西北次生林14个优势树种为研究对象,测定叶片、凋落物以及根区土壤有机碳含量和δ13C值,分析不同层次碳含量和δ13C丰度之间的相关性。结果表明:14个优势树种叶片碳含量为404.67—487.14 g/kg,总体为针叶树种较高、常绿灌木较低;δ13C值为-31.2‰—-27.1‰,随生活型的变化规律不明显。凋落物碳含量为414.62—561.31 g/kg,与叶片碳含量的变化规律较为一致;δ13C值为-31.5‰—-27.3‰,随树种生活型的变化特征也不明显。根区土壤碳含量为10.02—91.59 g/kg,δ13C值为-26.8‰—-22.5‰,碳含量以光皮桦、银白杨等落叶乔木较高。叶片、凋落物和根区土壤3个层次的碳含量与δ13C丰度之间均呈不显著相关,不同层次的δ13C丰度之间和碳含量之间均为正相关。研究结果有助于反映森林生态系统碳循环过程的关键信息,为森林植被恢复提供理论依据。     

栉孔扇贝在BaP 胁迫下生物标志物筛选的研究

研究采用染毒→清除→二次染毒实验, 研究了BaP 对栉孔扇贝组织解毒代谢酶活力和DNA 损伤的影响, 筛选了栉孔扇贝在BaP 胁迫下的生物标志物。结果表明: BaP 对栉孔扇贝鳃丝、消化盲囊芳烃羟化酶(AHH)、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)活力和还原型谷胱甘肽含量(GSH)及DNA 损伤影响显著(PaP 处理组鳃丝AHH 活力与对照组无明显差异外, 其他处理组组织AHH 活力均被显著诱导, 于15d 时达到最大值, GST 活力和GSH 含量则呈逐渐下降趋势, 5d 时达到最小值, 之后趋于稳定; 而组织DNA 链断裂(F 值)基本呈下降趋势, DNA-蛋白质交联(DPC 值)呈逐渐升高, 至15d 时分别达到最小值和最大值。在清除(15—45d)阶段, 各处理组组织AHH 活力逐渐下降,GST 活力和GSH 含量则逐渐升高, 在25—40d 时均恢复至对照组水平; 各处理组组织F 值和低浓度处理组(0.05、0.5 μg/L)DPC 值分别呈逐渐升高和下降趋势, 于35—40d 时恢复至对照组水平, 而高浓度处理组(5、10 μg/L)DPC 值仍显著高于对照组水平。在二次染毒(45—60d)期间, 除鳃丝AHH 活力在50d 时达到最大值外, 其他指标变化趋势与一次染毒基本一致。由此可见, 栉孔扇贝在BaP 胁迫下组织解毒代谢酶活力和DNA 损伤表现出明显的时间剂量效应性和稳定性, 依据相关性分析, 提出以鳃丝AHH 活力和消化盲囊GST活力为防御型生物标志物, 鳃丝、消化盲囊DPC 值为损伤型生物标志物, 并将AHH、GST 活力和DPC 值整合作为BaP 毒性评定的组合型生物标志物, 全面评价PAHs 的污染毒性。       

增温和外源碳输入对泥炭地土壤碳氮循环关键微生物功能基因丰度的影响

为探讨温度升高和外源碳输入对泥炭地土壤碳氮循环关键微生物的影响,于2017年7月采集多年冻土区泥炭地表层(0—10 cm和10—20 cm)土壤样品,在10、15℃两个温度下开展为期42d的增温模拟试验,同时设置葡萄糖添加处理,利用荧光定量PCR技术分析泥炭地土壤碳氮循环关键微生物丰度变化,同时分析增温和外源碳输入对泥炭地土壤活性碳组分和无机氮含量的影响。结果表明:温度升高可导致北方泥炭地表层土壤微生物丰度以及群落结构变化,0—10 cm土壤微生物比10—20 cm土壤微生物更加敏感。增温条件下微生物首先快速分解活性有机碳,同时温度升高加快土壤氮周转速率,增加有效氮含量。外源碳输入整体提高了深层土壤微生物丰度,使得10—20 cm土壤细菌、产甲烷菌、甲烷氧化菌、氨氧化细菌以及反硝化细菌丰度显著增加,说明外源碳输入可能会促进10—20 cm土壤甲烷氧化过程、氨氧化过程和反硝化过程。温度和葡萄糖的交互作用对泥炭地表层土壤碳氮循环关键微生物丰度均有显著影响。在增温和外源碳输入条件下,北方泥炭地表层土壤微生物丰度受土壤碳氮活性基质的影响。     

早期鲜卑人和动物骨骼的稳定同位素分析

本文对呼伦贝尔地区扎赉诺尔、团结和东乌珠尔早期鲜卑墓地出土的人和动物骨骼进行了稳定同位素分析,以期揭示早期鲜卑的食物结构和生计方式。C、N稳定同位素分析结果表明,早期鲜卑人的食物来源兼具C_3类和C_4类,其中C_4类食物很可能来自其从事的少量粟作农业。人具有较高的δ~(15)N值,且与动物的δ~(15)N值差异较大,表明人的营养级较高,肉食资源在食物结构中占据较大比重,这可能来自于早期鲜卑人所从事的游牧及狩猎经济的贡献。C、N、S稳定同位素分析结果表明,动物和人的食物来源来自于当地的陆生系统,而个体马(DW M3(1))具有较高的δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N值以及明显不同于其他样品的异常高的δ~(34)S值,说明此个体可能属于来自于其他地质环境的"外来者"。     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.     

New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Stenotrachelidae, Oedemeridae, Meloidae, Myceteridae, Boridae, Pythidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae, and Aderidae

We report 19 new species records for the faunal list of Coleoptera in New Brunswick, Canada, six of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, and one of which is new Canadian record. We also provide the first recent records for five additional species in New Brunswick. One new species of Stenotrachelidae, Cephaloon ungulare LeConte, is added to the New Brunswick faunal list. Additional records are provided for Cephaloon lepturides Newman, as well the first recent record of Nematoplus collaris LeConte. Two species of Oedemeridae, Asclera puncticollis (Say) and Asclera ruficollis (Say), are newly reported for New Brunswick, and additional locality and bionomic data are provided for Calopus angustus LeConte and Ditylus caeruleus (Randall). The records of Ditylus caerulus are the first recent records for the province. Three species of Meloidae, Epicauta pestifera Werner, Lytta sayi LeConte, and Meloe augustcollis Say are reported the first time for New Brunswick; Epicauta pestifera is newly recorded in Canada. Lacconotus punctatus LeConte and the family Mycteridaeis newly recorded for New Brunswick. The first recent records of Borus unicolor Say (Boridae) are reported from the province. One new species of Pythidae, Pytho siedlitzi Blair, and the first recent records of Pytho niger Kirby are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick. Three species of Pyrochroidae are newly reported for the province, including Pedilus canaliculatus (LeConte) and Pedilus elegans (Hentz), which are new for the Maritime provinces. Five species of Anthicidae and the first recent record of Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectére are newly reported for New Brunswick. Anthicus melancholicus LaFerté-Sénectère, Sapintus pubescens (LaFerté-Sénectère), Notoxus bifasciatus (LeConte), and Stereopalpus rufipes Casey are new to the Maritime provinces faunal list. Ambyderus granularis (LeConte) is removed from the faunal list of the province. Three species of Aderidae, Vanonus huronicus Casey, Zonantes fasciatus (Melsheimer), and Zonantes pallidusWerner, are newly recorded for New Brunswick; Zonantes fasciatus and Vanonus huronicus are new for the Maritime provinces' faunal list. Collection data, bionomic data, and distribution maps are presented for all these species.