假单胞菌胞外多糖发酵条件的研究

研究了假单胞菌（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｓｐ．６）利用木糖产胞外多糖的发酵条件。实验表明ＫＨ２ＰＯ４,Ｏ２和高碳氮比对多糖合成有促进作用,在发酵后期补加木糖有助于多糖产量的提高     

密环菌胞外多糖的发酵条件研究

密环菌是天麻的共生菌,有研究证明,密环菌的菌丝及发酵液有与天麻相类似的药理作用,为此,我们进行密环菌深层发酵产胞外多糖条件的研究。研究结果表明：菌丝生长和多糖产生的最适初始pH为5．9左右;消泡剂用量在一定内增加,有利于菌丝的生长,但增加消泡剂用量会不利于多糖的产生;接种量大,菌丝得率高,但接种量为10％时的多糖得率最高;装液量试验表明,通气量大,有利于菌丝的生长和多糖的产生;机械搅拌对菌丝的生长和多糖的产生都不利;生长动态实验证明,密环菌可在6d内完成液体发酵;以豆粕粉作氮源时,菌丝得率最高,以麸皮作氮源时,多糖产量最高;红薯粉为密环菌菌丝生长和多糖产生的最适碳源。     

罗伦隐球酵母胞外多糖的研究 Ⅰ.发酵条件

研究了罗伦隐球酵母(cryptococcus laurentii)产生胞外多糖的适宜条件。培养基组成(g/L):葡萄糖80.00,酵母膏1.25,KH_2PO_3.00,MgSO_4·7H_2O0.05,CaCO_3 10.00,pH6.0。在30℃,旋转式摇床(200r/min)上培养6天。胞外多糖产量最高可达17.38g/L,对底物的转化率为21.725％。     

罗伦隐球酵母胞外多糖的研究I．发酵条件

研究了罗伦隐球酵母(Cryptococcus laurentii)产生胞外多糖的适宜条件。培养基组成(g／L)：葡萄糖80.00,酵母膏1.25,KH2PO4 3.00,MgSO4·7H2O 0.05,CaCO3 10.00,pH6.0。在30℃,旋转式摇床(200r／min)上培养6天。胞外多糖产量最高可达17.38g／L,对底物的转化率为21.725％。     

灵芝胞外多糖的发酵条件及其组份的初步研究

本文报道了液体培养灵芝Gl8801菌林产生胞外多糖的最佳发酵条件和胞外多搪的化学组成。适宜的液体培养基(g/L):饴糖40,花生饼粉30,KH_2PO_41.5,(NH_4)_2SO_41.5,MgSO_4·7H_2O_(0.75),CaCO_32,最适起始pH5.5。300ml三角瓶装培养基60ml,发酵温度28℃。摇瓶(165rpm)培养7～8天,发酵液纯多糖含量可达880mg/L。灵芝胞外多糖分为水溶性多糖和水不溶性多糖两种。水溶性多糖的单糖组份为半乳糖、葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖和木糖,所含单糖重量比为6:4:4:1。不溶性多糖为葡聚糖。灵芝胞外多糖的糖环构型为吡喃糖,末端糖基构型,半乳糖为α型,葡萄糖为β型。     

蜜环菌胞外多糖的发酵条件研究

蜜环菌是天麻的共生菌 ,有研究证明 ,蜜环菌的菌丝及发酵液有与天麻相类似的药理作用 ,为此 ,我们进行了蜜环菌深层发酵产胞外多糖条件的研究。研究结果表明 :菌丝生长和多糖产生的最适初始pH为 5.0左右 ;消泡剂用量在一定范围内增加 ,有利于菌丝的生长 ,但增加消泡剂用量会不利于多糖的产生 ;接种量大 ,菌丝得率高 ,但接种量为1 0 %时的多糖得率最高 ;装液量试验证明 ,通气量大 ,有利于菌丝的生长和多糖的产生 ;机械搅拌对菌丝的生长和多糖的产生都不利 ;生长动态试验证明 ,蜜环菌可在 6d内完成液体     

根瘤菌N613胞外多糖发酵条件及抗肿瘤作用研究

用摇瓶正交试验研究了根瘤菌Rhizobium sp.N613合成根瘤菌胞外多糖(rhizobium exopolysaccharide,REPS)的最佳培养基配方和最适培养条件。采用10L自动控制罐进行了分批发酵试验,获得了合成REPS的发酵动力学参数。经40h的补料分批发酵与代谢调控,REPS产量达到11.31g/L。此外,抗肿瘤实验表明,当REPS剂量为5mg/kg时,其抑瘤率可达53.40%。结果表明,REPS的发酵周期短,产量高,成本低,且具有良好的免疫活性与增稠性,有着极高的开发应用价值。     

灵芝多糖液体发酵条件的研究

液体发酵灵芝是目前灵芝多糖开发的有效途径。以灵芝的生物量和胞外多糖为指标,对影响灵芝发酵的条件进行了研究。单因素实验表明灵芝发酵的最佳碳源、(?)源和生长因子分别是葡萄糖、酵母膏和维生素B1,最适温度、起始pH值和摇床转速分别是28℃、5．5和160 rpm。最佳培养方式是接种后静置4 h再振荡培养,其生物量和胞外多糖的产量最高,分别为7．743g/L和0．907g/L。     

酿酒酵母生物合成胞磷胆碱的条件优化

通过优化胞磷胆碱底物浓度的发酵条件,提高酿酒酵母发酵菌浓及胞磷胆碱转化率.分别以胞苷酸、磷酸胆碱、硫酸镁和乙醇等底物和反应关联物质诱导酿酒酵母,采用单因素变量实验优化发酵条件.优化后,酿酒酵母C401菌株摇瓶培养的菌浓为70 g/L,胞磷胆碱转化率为53.3％,比诱导前提高了33.5％.30 L发酵中菌浓可达90.5 g/L,胞磷胆碱转化率为59％.     

Reaction kinetics of d-glucose fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Data obtained on the conversion of d-glucose to alcohol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae in batch culture has been analysed kinetically. The effects of different kinetic parameters, e.g. rates of ethanol and biomass formation, rate of d-glucose utilization and variation of pH have been studied. Analysis of data was made on the basis of Michaelis-Menten, Leudeking-Piret and simple kinetics. Unsteady rate behaviour in the lag phase was observed and explained.     

Adaptive on-line model for aerobic Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation

In order to study and control fermentation processes, indirect on-tine measurements and mathematical models can be used. In this article we present a mathematical on-line model for fermentation processes. The model is based on atom and partial mass balances as well as on equations describing the acid-base system. The model is brought into an adaptive form by including transport equations for mass transfer and unstructured expressions for the fermentation kinetics. The state of the process, i.e., the concentrations of biomass, substrate, and products, can be estimated on-line using the balance part of the model completed with measurement equations for the input and output flows of the process. Adaptivity is realized by means of on-line estimation of parameters in the transport and kinetic expressions using recursive regression analysis. These expressions can thus be used in the model as valid equations enabling prediction of the process. This makes model-based automation of the process and testing of the validity of the measurement variables possible. The model and the on-line principles are applied to a 3.5-L laboratory tormentor in which Saccharomyces cerevisiae is cultivated. The experimental results show that the model-based estimation of the state and the predictions of the process correlate closely with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Growth and fermentation patterns of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under different ammonium concentrations and its implications in winemaking industry

AIMS: To study the effects of assimilable nitrogen concentration on growth profile and on fermentation kinetics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. METHODS AND RESULTS: Saccharomyces cerevisiae was grown in batch in a defined medium with glucose (200 g l(-1)) as the only carbon and energy source, and nitrogen supplied as ammonium sulphate or phosphate forms under different concentrations. The initial nitrogen concentration in the media had no effect on specific growth rates of the yeast strain PYCC 4072. However, fermentation rate and the time required for completion of the alcoholic fermentation were strongly dependent on nitrogen availability. At the stationary phase, the addition of ammonium was effective in increasing cell population, fermentation rate and ethanol. CONCLUSIONS: The yeast strain required a minimum of 267 mg N l(-1) to attain complete dryness of media, within the time considered for the experiments. Lower levels were enough to support growth, although leading to sluggish or stuck fermentation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The findings reported here contribute to elucidate the role of nitrogen on growth and fermentation performance of wine yeast. This information might be useful to the wine industry where excessive addition of nitrogen to prevent sluggish or stuck fermentation might have a negative impact on wine stability and quality.     

Stress-related challenges in pentose fermentation to ethanol by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Conversion of agricultural residues, energy crops and forest residues into bioethanol requires hydrolysis of the biomass and fermentation of the released sugars. During the hydrolysis of the hemicellulose fraction, substantial amounts of pentose sugars, in particular xylose, are released. Fermentation of these pentose sugars to ethanol by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae under industrial process conditions is the subject of this review. First, fermentation challenges originating from the main steps of ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstocks are discussed, followed by genetic modifications that have been implemented in S. cerevisiae to obtain xylose and arabinose fermenting capacity per se. Finally, the fermentation of a real lignocellulosic medium is discussed in terms of inhibitory effects of furaldehydes, phenolics and weak acids and the presence of contaminating microbiota.     

Monitoring of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in commercial bakers' yeast fermentation

In the highly competitive market of commercial bakers' yeast, fermentations are operated for maximum efficiency and minimum production cost. In order to maintain competitiveness, the fermentations must be highly consistent with minimum variation in yeast performance, maximum yield on raw materials, and minimum production of undesirable side products. The use of advanced instrumentation is of critical importance to achieving these goals by the production engineer. An in situ optical density probe was used to determine the yeast cell density in full-scale commercial bakers' yeast fermentations. The optical density probe results were compared with oxygen uptake rate analyses, packed cell volume, and off-line measured cell dry weights. The most accurate measurement of cell density was found to be the optical density probe. This instrument allowed the on-line determination of cell density with highly consistent results from fermentation batch to batch and with out the need for intermittent recalibration. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Maltotriose fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Maltotriose, the second most abundant sugar of brewer's wort, is not fermented but is respired by several industrial yeast strains. We have isolated a strain capable of growing on a medium containing maltotriose and the respiratory inhibitor, antimycin A. This strain produced equivalent amounts of ethanol from 20 g l⁻¹ glucose, maltose, or maltotriose. We performed a detailed analysis of the rates of active transport and intracellular hydrolysis of maltotriose by this strain, and by a strain that does not ferment this sugar. The kinetics of sugar hydrolysis by both strains was similar, and our results also indicated that yeast cells do not synthesize a maltotriose-specific α-glucosidase. However, when considering active sugar transport, a different pattern was observed. The maltotriose-fermenting strain showed the same rate of active maltose or maltotriose transport, while the strain that could not ferment maltotriose showed a lower rate of maltotriose transport when compared with the rates of active maltose transport. Thus, our results revealed that transport across the plasma membrane, and not intracellular hydrolysis, is the rate-limiting step for the fermentation of maltotriose by these Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2001) 27, 34–38. Received 13 January 2001/ Accepted in revised form 29 May 2001     

液泡蛋白酶B对酿酒酵母高温乙醇发酵效率的影响

【目的】提高酿酒酵母的高耐温性,从而提高菌株在高温下的乙醇发酵性能。【方法】利用染色体整合过表达酿酒酵母液泡蛋白酶B编码基因PRB1。【结果】在41 °C高温条件下进行乙醇发酵,过表达PRB1基因的重组酿酒酵母菌株可在31 h内消耗全部的葡萄糖,而对照菌株在相同时间内仅消耗不到一半的葡萄糖。【结论】利用蛋白酶B基因过表达可构建耐高温酿酒酵母菌株,提高在高温条件下乙醇的发酵效率。