南昌霉素高产菌株的链霉素抗性基因突变诱变筛选研究

通过对链霉素对南昌霉素（Nanchangmycin)产生菌NS－41－80菌株孢子的致死浓度测定基础上,采用诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）的不同诱发剂量对菌株孢子进行诱变处理,诱变处理的孢子涂布在含链霉素（10ug/mL)致死浓度的高氏平板上,获得了大量的链霉素抗性基因（str)突变株。然后从3,000株链霉素抗性基因（str)突变株中通过初筛获得比诱变出发菌株产素能力提高20％以上的菌株202株,再进一步通过摇瓶复筛,获得比出发菌株产素能力分别提高100％,200％,300％高产菌株为48株,7株和1株,分别为复筛菌和初筛菌株的23．76％和1．60％,3．46％和0．23％,0．5％和0．03％,将产素能力提高240％以上5个菌株连同出发菌株连续3批次进行摇瓶发酵结果,5个突变株的产素能力均比出发菌株的产素能力提高57％－96．4％,其中突变株80－5．3－165菌株摇瓶发酵单位达6,000ug/mL以上,3批次摇瓶平均发酵单位达5,855ug/mL,建立了南昌霉素高产菌株的链霉素抗性基因突变诱变快速高效的筛选方法。     

香菇液体发酵高产多糖菌株筛选

通过评价香菇野生菌株发酵产多糖性能,筛选高产香菇多糖菌株.以采自长白山野生香菇通过组织分离获得的6株菌株和2株人工栽培菌株为出发菌株,对不同发酵培养时间菌丝体生物量、胞内多糖含量、胞外多糖含量等进行测试分析,结果表明,8株菌株随着培养时间的延长,菌丝体生物量均有不同程度的增加,但胞内多糖含量和胞外多糖得率变化趋势不同,...     

蛹虫草液体发酵产多糖的条件优化

多糖是蛹虫草Cordyceps militaris产生的重要活性成分。为提高其液体发酵胞外多糖的产量,通过单因素轮换法、方差分析、正交试验对蛹虫草菌株YCC-H产胞外多糖的发酵条件进行了优化。单因素结果表明液体发酵最适初始pH为5,最适葡萄糖浓度(质量分数)为6%,最适氮源为酵母膏,最适装液量为80 mL/250 mL,最适接种量(体积分数)为12%;在不同培养条件下菌体生物量变化较大;通过方差分析及正交试验进一步优化,结果显示：装液量(A)、氮源(B)、接种量(C)对蛹虫草产胞外多糖影响程度为B>A>C,最佳条件组合为A₂B₃C₂,即装液量80 mL/250 mL、酵母膏为唯一氮源、接种量(体积分数)为12%,其余因素选择单因素中最佳水平。经验证,该菌株合成胞外多糖的质量浓度达247.06 mg/L,较未优化前胞外多糖的产量23.67 mg/L提高了9.43倍。     

蛹虫草原生质体紫外诱变选育胞外多糖高产菌株

蛹虫草是重要的药食兼用两用真菌,具有较高的医用及经济价值。本文通过单因素和正交试验的方法研究了不同酶系统、酶解温度、酶解时间、渗透压稳定剂、菌龄对蛹虫草原生质体形成的影响,并对蛹虫草原生质体进行紫外诱变,以生物量和胞外多糖产量为指标选育胞外多糖高产菌株。结果表明：在30℃、1％溶壁酶＋0．5％蜗牛酶＋0．5％纤维素酶条件下,以甘露醇为渗透压稳定剂对4日龄蛹虫草菌丝酶解2h,原生质体产量可达到9．2×10^6个/mL。从150株诱变株中筛选出1株最佳正诱变株,编号为44#,经深层培养其生物量比出发菌株提高10％,胞外多糖产量提高84．3％,继代培养10代后,遗传稳定性良好。     

蜡状芽孢杆菌S1发酵条件的研究

对一种新近分离的蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus Cereus)菌株S1发酵产新型抗真菌多肽APS的发酵培养基组成（碳,氮源）和工艺条件（发酵温度,初始,PH,通气方式和通气量）进行了摸索,通过单因互实验和正交优化实验,确定了S1发酵培养基的组成。麸皮5％,玉米粉5％,尿素0．2％,或NH4NO31．5％,酵母浸亮1．5％,葡萄糖6％,NaCl0．1％;最适发酵培养温度为28度;最适发酵培养初始Ph为7．4或6．8,。在优化条件下,效价最高为8－10mg/ml,S1生长的最适温度和初始PH为30度和7．0,通气对S1发酵具有显著的影响。     

出芽短梗霉Aureobasidium sp. SRF的菌株特性分析及胞外多糖结构鉴定

菌株SRF是1株从意大利树莓(Rubus corchorifolius)果实表面分离、可产胞外多糖的新菌株。在鉴定其分类归属的基础上,对其产生的胞外多糖进行了结构分析和发酵条件优化,为寻找微生物多糖提供新的菌株,为开发利用资源微生物提供借鉴。通过形态学和ITS序列对比分析进行菌株鉴定;通过薄层层析和红外光谱分析,确定胞外多糖结构;通过单因素检测试验,确定影响产糖量的主要因素;响应面Plackett-Burman和Box-Behnken设计筛选发酵产胞外多糖的最优条件。结果表明,出发菌株SRF隶属于出芽短梗霉属,命名为Aureobasidium sp. SRF;SRF所产胞外多糖为普鲁兰多糖;单因素检测表明,对多糖产量影响最大的因素为碳源浓度、氮源浓度、无机离子浓度,其次是碳源、氮源、无机离子、pH值;根据响应面结果确定最优发酵条件为麦芽糖8%(质量分数)、酵母提取物3%(质量分数)、钙离子0.3 g/L、pH 6,产糖量达5.93 g/L。SRF是1株来源于树莓浆果表面,可产胞外普鲁兰多糖的出芽短梗霉新菌株,是1株产微生物多糖的候选菌株。     

酵母菌产麦角固醇发酵条件的研究

为了提高酵母菌麦角固醇的产量,采用摇瓶培养法,对筛选出的一株酵母菌YN2产麦角固醇发酵条件进行了研究。结果表明,酵母菌YN2产麦角固醇适宜的培养基配方为：酵母粉1％,牛肉膏2．5％,葡萄糖8％,K2HPO4 0．3％,MgSO4 0．15％,该菌株产麦角固醇最适培养条件为：培养温度28℃,起始pH6．5,发酵时间72h。在优化的实验条件下,麦角固醇含量可达2．2％,100ml发酵液中麦角固醇产量达25．30mg。     

CN—92植酸酶产生菌的诱变选育及产酶条件的研究

以无花果曲霉IFFI2227为出发菌株,通过NTGT和Co60复合诱变处理,获得5株产植酸酶活力比出发菌株高2．1～2．5倍的高产菌株。其中1株CN－92菌产酶性能稳定,研究了该菌株的最适产酶条件：培养温度30℃,培养基起始pH6．0培养时间72h。适宜于该菌株产植酸酶的优良固体培养基组成为：麸皮、豆饼粉、硫酸铵及少量无机磷,培养基含水率51％。葡萄糖、乳糖和MH4Cl、NH4NO3等不同程度地抑制植酸酶的合成,微量元素如Mn,Zn,Cu等对产酶无促进作用。     

产胞外多糖酵母菌株的筛选鉴定及发酵产糖

【目的】微生物胞外多糖大多具有良好的功能和特性,但对酵母胞外多糖的研究甚少。本研究从自然界中筛选出产胞外多糖的酵母菌株,并对其发酵产糖条件进行初步研究。【方法】利用平板涂布法从自然界中分离得到酵母菌株,苯酚硫酸法测定菌株胞外多糖的产量,筛选出胞外多糖高产菌株,并对其进行5.8SrDNA分类鉴定,最后优化其产糖培养基组成。【结果】对从葡萄、蜜枣、土壤样品中分离得到的132株酵母进行筛选,最终得到3株高产胞外多糖的酵母菌株Z14、Z20和L25。经5.8S rDNA序列测定及系统发育分析,从左优红葡萄中分离得到的Z14和Z20与东方伊萨酵母(Issatchenkia orientalis)处于同一分支,相似性达到99%以上;从落叶松近表层土壤分离得到的L25与土生隐球酵母(Cryptococcus humicolus)处于同一分支,相似性为98.8%。经优化,利于Z20胞外多糖合成的最优发酵培养基配方为:葡萄糖8%,(NH4)SO40.2%,KH2PO40.1%,酵母浸粉0.1%,CaCl20.01%。在初始pH6.0,发酵温度28℃,摇床转数160 r/min条件下,在此培养基中发酵4 d后胞外多糖产量可达2.046 g/L,比复筛时的产量1.137 g/L提高了79.9%。【结论】文献已报道某些属的酵母可以生产胞外多糖,经本文研究发现Issatchenkia属的酵母也可以合成胞外多糖,并且改变基础产糖培养基的成分可以显着提高Z20胞外多糖的产量。     

米曲霉木聚糖酶生产菌的理性选育及发酵优化

目的：米曲霉木聚糖酶生产菌的理性选育及发酵优化。方法：以米曲霉FS018为出发菌株,采用紫外和激光诱变先后处理3代,以抗高浓度葡萄糖阻遏效应为筛选模型获得一株高产木聚糖酶菌株FST036,并对该菌株的发酵培养基进行了初步优化。结果：突变株FST036产酶水平可达4200．57U／mL,产酶水平比出发菌株提高了24％。对该菌株的发酵培养基初步优化结果表明：培养基的最适氮源为牛肉膏;最适碳源为麸皮与玉米芯组合,总浓度为4％。二者最适比例为7：3;对该菌株的发酵条件初步优化结果表明：最适接种量1％,初始pH6．78,250mL三角瓶装液量为45mL,培养72h酶活可达5404．24U／mL。结论：反复多次诱变处理,并结合抗高浓度葡萄糖阻遏效应作为一种理性筛选模型,为通过诱变育种来获得曲霉木聚糖酶高产菌株提供了一条有效的途径。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.