多泡体形成过程的细胞化学研究

本实验用酶细胞化学和示踪细胞化学方法观察了睾丸间质细胞中多泡体的形成过程及其与溶酶体的关系。实验结果表明,睾丸间质细胞中多泡体的形成可分三个阶段:首先,一些含内吞物质的泡状结构进入高尔基体区域,与那里的小泡融合,形成内含少量小泡的前多泡体;然后,前多泡体互相融合,形成体积较大、基质电子密度低、内含小泡排列稀疏的低电子密度多泡体;最后,低电子密度多泡体通过表面长出微绒毛样结构并不断断裂的方式去除多余的界膜,形成体积较小、基质电子密度高、内含小泡排列紧密的高电子密度多泡体。因此,多泡体的形成既与内吞活动有关,又与高尔基体区域小泡有关。前多泡体和低电子密度多泡体不含溶酶体酶。在多泡体形成过程中,只有到高电子密度多泡体阶段,才与溶酶体发生关系,从溶酶体中获取溶酶体酶。多泡体形成后,常与自体吞噬泡靠近,可能参与睾丸间质细胞的自体吞噬活动。     

THE THEORETICAL RESPONSE OF LIVING CELLS TO CONTACT WITH SOLID BODIES

The theoretical behavior of a hypothetical fluid cell in contact with flat and curved solid surfaces is discussed from the point of view of surface tension. An equation is derived for calculating the equilibrium position of the cell on a flat surface in terms of the surface tensions between the cell and the plasma, the plasma and the solid surface, and the solid surface and the cell. It is shown that the same equilibrium is predicted from consideration of the contact angle between the cell and the solid body. The relative surface energy has been calculated at various stages in the ingestion of a solid particle by a fluid cell four times as large in diameter, and it is thus shown that no particle will be ingested until the surface tensions are such that the cell would spread to infinity on a flat surface of the same substance. Here again the same equilibrium is predicted from considerations of the contact angle. The adhesiveness of blood cells to solid substances is shown to be a pure surface tension phenomenon, but in most reactions between living cells and solid bodies the fluidity of the protoplasm is also a factor of prime importance. The frequent occurrence of adhesiveness as a property of cells in contact with solid bodies is due in part to the fact that, by so adhering, the surface area of the cell not touching the solid is decreased.     

微囊藻毒素与自然水体中细菌VIVIFORM状态的相关性

细菌VIVIFORM状态是直接关系到自然水体水质评价和环境保护的生态现象 ,其形成机理相当复杂 ,但环境胁迫是主要诱因。通过人为改变湖水中的微囊藻毒素 (MC LR)水平 ,对水体中蓝藻毒素与细菌VIVIFORM状态之间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明 ,较高的毒素水平对水体中细菌种群总量没有明显的影响 ,但能刺激VIVIFORM细菌转化成可培养状态 ,从而证实了自然水体中蓝藻毒素与水细菌VIVIFORM状态之间存在直接的相关性。     

胡萝卜素的极谱行为及测定

近年来发现胡萝卜素有一定的抗癌效应。作为植物的质体色素,除叶绿素外,胡萝卜素的测定也日益引起人们的重视。迄今有关胡萝卜素的分析方法主要采用高效液相色谱法和吸光光度法等。这些方法易受其它组分的干扰,因而需经分离提纯才能进行测定,且灵敏度亦不太高。胡萝卜素的经典极谱法研究,早期曾有一些介绍。但胡萝     

红酵母COS—5产胡萝卜素条件的研究

研究碳源、氮源和添加剂对红酵母（Rhodotorulasp．）COS－5产胡萝卜素的影响,并通过正交试验优化其产胡萝卜素的培养基组成。结果表明,COS－5产胡萝卜素的适宜培养基：蔗糖50g、蛋白胨5g、酵母膏5g、桔子皮15g、盐酸硫胺素0．002g、定容1L,pH6．0.250mL三角瓶装培养基30mL。在上述条件下28℃振荡培养96h,细胞生物量为27．5mg干重／mL发酵液,胡萝卜素含量达492．7μg／g干重细胞。COS－5胡萝卜素在474．4nm、338．6nm和310．2nm处有     

ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON THE PERMEABILITY OF THE MESOTHELIUM TO HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE

Peritoneal mesothelium was exposed for 2–60 min to solutions of horseradish peroxidase by incubation in vitro, or after intraperitoneal injection in vivo. Peroxidase was localized, with the electron microscope in the intercellular clefts of the mesothelium, often along their entire lengths, in vesicles adjoining or contiguous with the clefts, and along the peritoneal and basal surfaces of the cell, and also in intracytoplasmic vacuoles. The intercellular junctions of peroxidase-treated mesothelium did not differ from those of controls: open and closed junctions were present in both groups. Intercellular localization was also obtained when the mesothelium was exposed to peroxidase during or after fixation. Although intracellular absorption of peroxidase and its incorporation into larger vacuoles were observed, there was no clearcut evidence of vesicular transport across the mesothelium in these experiments. These findings are consistent with physiologic data which postulate that mesothelial transport can be accounted for, at least in part, by passive diffusion through a system of pores, and they suggest that these pores are located in the intercellular clefts.     

RELEVANCE OF REGRESSION TO THE MEAN TO EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINCAL STUDIES: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Investigation of the relative heights of pairs of fathers and sons led the famous 19th century scientist, Sir Francis Galton, to the concept known as "regression to the mean." Gallon observed that sons of extremely tall or extremely short fathers tended to be less extremely tall or short. The concept has since been - found to apply to virtually any experiment requiring a test-retest design. On the average, the bottom group on the first test will tend to increase, and the top group will on average decrease on the retest. For example, a clinical study requiring an initially high blood pressure baseline value (screening value), might decrease as a group on a subsequent retest, perhaps merely due to a regression effect. One way to account for possible bias due to regression effects is by using an appropriate control group. In the absence of a control group, James (1973) has developed some useful formulas for estimating the expected regression effect, when a truncated population is being sampled. Choice of an appropriate baseline value should also be guided by consideration of the potential effects of regression.     

氯氰菊酯对斜生栅藻的毒性研究

研究了农药氯氰菊酯对斜生栅藻的毒性效应,结果显示：以丙酮为溶剂量,其96h EC50为112.45mg/L;以乙酸乙酯为溶剂时,其96hEC50为112.81mg/L。同时也研究了氯氰菊酯对斜生栅藻的光合色素含量、色素光谱、可溶性蛋白质含量和超氧物歧化酶活性的影响。     

浮选药剂对软体动物的毒性研究

浮选药剂随着选矿废水排入水体对水生态系统的影响如何?这是人们普遍关注的一个问题。水体中水生生物种类繁多,国内外学者较多的使用鱼类和浮游生物作为毒理学研究的试验生物2,3,5。软体动物是底栖动物中的重要类群之一,并具有一定的经济价值。Gupta等和Stuart等用酚及其衍生物对尖头椎实螺(Lymnaea acuminata)6和用五氯苯酚对肥鳃螺(Gillia altilis)分别进行过毒性研究,均取得了较好的效果。本研究选用椭圆萝卜螺和大脐圆扁螺作为试验生物,用浮选药剂对其进行急性毒性试验,并对浮选药剂的毒性作出了评价。