花粉发育相关基因BcMF13不同转录本的克隆及分析

在克隆花粉发育相关基因BcMF13时,用RACE技术进行3’端扩增,得到了两个不同长度的3’转录本。与EST库比对,发现与其相似性高的序列都来源于十字花科芸薹属、萝卜属等植物的生殖器官,并且在这些近源属中也出现不同转录本。这些不同转录本的存在说明BcMF13存在剪切异构体,调控过程灵活复杂,反映出该基因具有重要功能。同时,对BcMF13基因的RT-PCR表达研究表明,它只在可育株系中表达,在不育株系中不表达,且主要集中在大花蕾、雄蕊中表达。分析BcMF13推导的蛋白结构,发现其编码的蛋白包含多个生物活性位点。以上结果均表明BcMF13与花粉育性相关,多个剪切异构体的发现说明BcMF13在执行生理功能时较为活跃。     

一个白菜花粉发育相关的新基因BcMF7的鉴定

利用cDNA-AFLP技术分析了白菜(Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino, syn. B. rapa L. ssp. chinensis)雄配子减数分裂的胞质分裂突变体(male meiotic cytokinesis, mmc)和野生型植株花蕾基因表达的差异, 克隆了其中一个在野生型花蕾中特异表达的基因BcMF7, 序列分析发现该基因的最大开放阅读框为390 bp, 编码129个氨基酸, 推测的蛋白质分子量为13.75 kD, 含有8个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点, 2个酪蛋白激酶II磷酸化位点, 2个酪氨酸激酶磷酸化位点, 2个N-糖基化位点以及2个N-豆蔻酰化位点等, 这些位点均与细胞内信号传导、蛋白定位以及黏附等过程有关. 时空表达特点分析发现BcMF7在花粉中特异表达, 其转录本最早在花粉发育的四分体时期开始出现, 在单核小孢子时期表达丰度达到最高, 随后在成熟花粉粒形成时期表达量又有所下降. 推测BcMF7可能在花粉发育的四分体时期到成熟花粉粒形成过程的信号传导中发挥重要作用.     

Cloning and Characterization of the Microspore Development-Related Gene BcMF2 in Chinese Cabbage Pak-Choi （Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino）

For the sake of providing some important information relevant to the study of the molecular mechanism of genic male sterility in plants, gene differential expression in flower buds at different developmental stages, as well as in rosette leaves, florescence leaves, and scapes was analyzed using cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) in the genic male sterile A and fertile B line of Chinese cabbage pak-choi. Following amplification of 125 pairs of primer combinations, 11 differential fragments were obtained, of which eight were from the B line and the other three were from the A line. Of 11 differential fragments, four were verified by Northern hybridization that were expressed preferentially in fertile flower buds. Results of GenBank BLAST showed that one fragment was with unknown function, whereas the other fragments have strong nucleotide sequence similarities with the polygalacturonase (PG) gene, the pectinesterase (PE) gene, and the polygalacturonase inhibitory protein (PGIP4) gene. Only fulllength cDNA from the differential fragment BcMF-A 18T 16-1 was amplified by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and Northern analysis showed that this fragment was expressed only in medium and largesized flower buds of the B line. The full-length cDNA, designated as BcMF2 (Brassica campestris Male Fertile 2), was 1 485 bp long and was composed ofa 1 263-bp open reading frame, which had 83% nucleotide similarity to a PG gene from Arabidopsis encoding polygalacturonase. Analysis of the basic structure of the protein revealed that it had one polygalacturonase active site (RVTCGPGHGLSVGS) at 256th site of amino acids and was classified as being a member of family 28 of the glycosyl hydrolases. The role of the BcMF2gene on microspore development is discussed in the present paper.     

Cloning and Characterization of the Microspore Development-Related Gene BcMF2 in Chinese Cabbage Pak-Choi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino)

For the sake of providing some important information relevant to the study of the molecular mechanism of genic male sterility in plants, gene differential expression in flower buds at different developmental stages, as well as in rosette leaves, florescence leaves, and scapes was analyzed using cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) in the genic male sterile A and fertile B line of Chinese cabbage pak-choi. Following amplification of 125 pairs of primer combinations, 11 differential fragments were obtained, of which eight were from the B line and the other three were from the A line. Of 11 differential fragments, four were verified by Northern hybridization that were expressed preferentially in fertile flower buds. Results of GenBank BLAST showed that one fragment was with unknown function,whereas the other fragments have strong nucleotide sequence similarities with the polygalacturonase (PG)gene, the pectinesterase (PE) gene, and the polygalacturonase inhibitory protein (PGIP4) gene. Only fulllength cDNA from the differential fragment BcMF-A18T16-1 was amplified by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and Northern analysis showed that this fragment was expressed only in medium and largesized flower buds of the B line. The full-length cDNA, designated as BcMF2 (Brassica campestris Male Fertile 2), was 1 485 bp long and was composed of a 1 263-bp open reading frame, which had 83% nucleotide similarity to a PG gene from Arabidopsis encoding polygalacturonase. Analysis of the basic structure of the protein revealed that it had one polygalacturonase active site (RVTCGPGHGLSVGS) at 256th site of amino acids and was classified as being a member of family 28 of the glycosyl hydrolases. The role of the BcMF2 gene on microspore development is discussed in the present paper.     

白菜细胞核雄性不育两用系的细胞学观察

对白菜细胞核雄性不育两用系进行了花粉母细胞减数分裂和小孢子发育的细胞学观察,实验结果初步表明不育系小孢子败育时期在减数分裂末期Ⅱ这一阶段,败育方式是不能形成四分体,随后小孢子内颗粒状的内含物不断外溢,直至成为一个空壳,药室萎缩,导致花粉败育。     

菜心耐羟脯氨酸初选系的耐热性

分析了离体筛选出的一个菜心耐羟脯氨酸选择系的脯氨酸含量和耐热性。Hypr01比原品种六十天特青有较高的游离脯氨酸含量：35℃热胁迫下Hypr01中有显著的游离脯氨酸含量增加,为六十天特青的4倍和耐热品种四九菜心的近2倍。与对照相比,在35℃下连续培养的Hypr01愈伤组织表现出更强的活力和根的分化能力,鲜重增量明显加大：相对电解质渗出率、愈伤组织褐变程度和MDA含量低：SOD、CAT活性较高。在人工气候箱模拟栽培高温逆境下,Hypr01再生苗生长优于未经选择的六十天特青,并具较低的电解质渗出率和较高的鲜重增长,说明有较强的耐热性。     

不结球白菜细胞质雄性不育相关基因的克隆及表达

从不结球白菜CMS新种质中分离得到的一个cDNA-AFLP差异片段,采用RT-PCR和RACE技术成功克隆了一个α-微管基因的cDNA全长序列,命名为TUBA2(DDBJ登录号为AB445012)。序列分析结果表明,该基因全长1 709 bp,最大开放阅读框为1 353 bp,编码450个氨基酸序列,与已公布的α-微管基因有较高的同源性。系统进化树分析发现,该基因在不同植物间具有高度保守性。Southern杂交表明TUBA2属于不结球白菜多基因家族的一个单一克隆基因。实时定量RT-PCR检测表明,该基因在不育系中的表达量显著低于保持系,同时在不同组织和细胞减数分裂不同时期该基因的表达量也存在明显差异。     

红菜薹雄性不育系花药败育的细胞形态学观察

采用石蜡切片技术,在光学显微镜下系统研究了红菜薹(Brassica campestris L.ssp．chinensis L.var．utilis TsenetLee．)波里马胞质雄性不育系(Polima CMS)、红菜薹萝卜胞质雄性不育系(Ogura CMS)及相应保持系花药发育过程的细胞形态学特征。观察结果表明：红菜薹Polima CMS花药发育受阻于孢原细胞阶段,不形成花粉,属无花粉型,此不育系花药不形成绒毡层和中层;而红菜薹Ogura CMS花药败育发生于小孢子母细胞期或四分体时期,表现为绒毡层细胞异常,挤压四分体,导致四分体和绒毡层同时解体而败育。     

Characterization and functional analysis of a novel PCP gene BcMF5 from Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino)

Brassica campestris Male Fertile 5 (BcMF5), a novel member of the pollen coat protein class A (PCP-A) gene family, was identified from Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino (Chinese cabbage-pak-choi). Temporal and spatial expression analysis showed that BcMF5 is a late-expressed PCP gene related to the process of determining pollen fertility. Functional analysis by hairpin RNA (hpRNA)-mediated RNA interference also showed that the expression of BcMF5 is inhibited, which resulted in the low germination ability of the pollen and also in an abnormality of the pollen exemplified by a collapsed germination furrow. This demonstrates that the expression of BcMF5 is closely related to the tapetum. Further, the expression profile of the BcMF5 promoter in Arabidopsis was also analyzed. This analysis indicated that the BcMF5 promoter began expression in the early stage of anther development and drove high levels of glucuronidase (GUS) expression in anthers, pollen, and the pollen tube in the late stage of pollen development, but did not drive any expression in petals, sepals, or pistils. Together with the functional analysis, the hypothesis that BcMF5 may have a sporophytic or gametophytic expression pattern is presented.     

Successful application of microspore culture in pakchoi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee) for hybrid breeding

Protoplasma - Microspore embryogenesis is an effective method of obtaining double haploid (DH) lines in only 1 year. However, the microspore embryogenesis protocol was not efficient in...     

TA29-barnase基因转化菜心

利用根癌农杆菌导入法, 以菜心带柄子叶为外植体, 对TA29-barnase基因转化菜心进行研究。获得转化植株,进行PCR、Southern blotting杂交和半定量RT-PCR检测, 表明目的基因已经整合到转化植株中, 并且目的基因在转基因植株花蕾中得到表达, 但是表达水平在不同转基因植株间存在差别; 转基因植株开花后, 均表现雄性不育, 不能产生花粉或产生没有活力的少量花粉, 自交不能结实; 用未转化植株正常花粉对雄性不育植株进行授粉, 能够正常结实; 保持系(未转化植株)与不育株杂交后代中雄性不育株与可育株的比例为1:1, 在杂交后代植株子叶期, 喷洒10 mg/L的PPT可以完全杀死可育株; 利用其他菜心品种为父本与不育株进行杂交, 获得的F1植株在生长势和产量方面表现优势, 表明开展菜心优势育种具有一定的潜力。     

TA29-barnase基因转化菜心

利用根癌农杆菌导入法, 以菜心带柄子叶为外植体, 对TA29-barnase基因转化菜心进行研究。获得转化植株,进行PCR、Southern blotting杂交和半定量RT-PCR检测, 表明目的基因已经整合到转化植株中, 并且目的基因在转基因植株花蕾中得到表达, 但是表达水平在不同转基因植株间存在差别; 转基因植株开花后, 均表现雄性不育, 不能产生花粉或产生没有活力的少量花粉, 自交不能结实; 用未转化植株正常花粉对雄性不育植株进行授粉, 能够正常结实; 保持系(未转化植株)与不育株杂交后代中雄性不育株与可育株的比例为1:1, 在杂交后代植株子叶期, 喷洒10 mg/L的PPT可以完全杀死可育株; 利用其他菜心品种为父本与不育株进行杂交, 获得的F1植株在生长势和产量方面表现优势, 表明开展菜心优势育种具有一定的潜力。