cDNA文库及其在原虫研究中的应用

cDNA文库构建和筛选是基因克隆的重要方法之一,它是目前发现新基因和研究基因功能的基本工具.从cDNA文库中可以筛选到目的基因,并直接用于该基因的表达.由于cDNA文库在基因分离和克隆中具有重要作用,因此其应用也日益广泛.简要介绍自cDNA文库创建以来,发展起来的各类文库及其构建cDNA文库的方法.作者重点阐述了弓形虫、利什曼原虫、阴道毛滴虫、疟原虫等原虫cDNA文库的构建及其应用.     

国内cDNA文库及cDNA克隆的研究概况

本文就笔者所收集到的资料,对国内已报道的5个cDNA文库及9个cDNA克隆的建立进行简要概述,以期对国內cDNA文库及cDNA克隆的研究现状有个大致的了解。     

PCR介导HaNPV罹病幼虫潜伏期cDNA文库的构建

以罹病棉铃虫幼虫为材料提取总RNA,反转录合成cDNA第一链, 加oligo(dG)同聚尾,PCR扩增合成双链cDNA,克隆到pGEM-T质粒载体中.随机筛选文库中阳性克隆,经酶切分析,cDNA插入片段大小在0.3～1.1kb之间.文库中原代重组子数为1. 66×105,重组百分比为87.8%.重组质粒的杂交分析表明,文库中HaNPV基因的cDNA克隆所占比例超过50%.     

烤烟品种南江3号均一化全长cDNA文库构建

目的:为了获得功能基因的信息,构建烤烟品种南江3号的均一化cDNA文库.方法:用RNeasy Plant Mini Kit提取烤烟南江3号叶片和花的RNA,用反转录酶逆转录合成第一链eDNA.以LD-PCR扩增获得的双链cDNA为模板,采用基于双链特异性核酸酶(Duplex-Specific Nuclease,DSN)的均一化cDNA文库技术,构建南江3号盛花期的均一化cDNA文库.结果:构建了南江3号盛花期的均一化cDNA文库,文库重组率大为97.47%,库容量约为1.26×10<'6>,插入片段平均长度大于1.2kb.从文库中随机48个克隆进行PCR检测,挑取20个克隆进行测序,序列通过BLAST比对结果显示文库可能包含大量基因和ESTs序列.结论:该文库为研究南江3号的基因功能和资源提供材料来源.     

应用改进的多聚组氨酸标签T7表达载体构建肺癌cDNA文库

应用噬菌体C端展示系统构建的cDNA文库缺乏开放阅读框筛选机制,文库中多数噬菌体克隆展示框外非天然短肽,给后期蛋白质的筛选带来了不便. 为实现噬菌体的ORF筛选功能,利用PCR技术对已有载体T7Select10-3b进行改造,在MCS处外源cDNA插入位点的3′端引入6聚组氨酸筛选标签,经包装后挑取成功表达的单克隆构建肺癌cDNA文库. 经镍柱亲和层析后,收集文库中表达组氨酸的克隆,利用化学发光免疫试验进行筛选效果鉴定. 结果显示,改造的新型载体可成功表达组氨酸标签,以此构建的肺癌cDNA文库经筛选后,含ORF插入的克隆由筛前的6 %提高至70 %,本研究为提高cDNA文库的质量提供了一种简便可行的方法.     

悦目金蛛丝腺SMART RACE cDNA文库的构建与鉴定

运用SMART 技术构建了悦目金蛛丝腺SMART RACE cDNA文库.经检测,文库所含全长cDNA的长度主要集中在500 bp～2000 bp 之间;把双链cDNA通过T/A克隆、随机挑选阳性克隆并测序后,得到1条752 bp的全长cDNA序列.以该文库为模板,用依据这条全长cDNA序列设计的基因特异性引物与接头引物进行RACE, 3'RACE 和5'RACE的产物拼接后的全长序列与上述全长cDNA序列一致.结果表明,该文库适于用RACE方法从中分离在悦目金蛛丝腺中表达基因的全长cDNA.本文还对SMART 技术的特点和局限性进行了讨论.     

cDNA文库的构建策略及其应用

cDNA文库在基因分离和克隆中具有重要的作用。从cDNA文库中能筛选出所需要的目的基因,并直接用于该目的基因的表达。cDNA文库是发现新基因和研究基因功能的基础工具。随着分子生物学技术的发展。cDNA文库构建方法有了很大改进和提高,就cDNA文库的构建方法及其应用进行综述。     

一种用少量标本快速构建老年性白内障消减cDNA文库的方法

为从少量标本中获得含较多大片段的、高质量的老年性白内障消减cDNA文库,利用磁珠分离、生物素标记的改良消减杂交法获得差异cDNA,利用选择性PCR法扩增其中大片段差异cDNA,从而成功构建老年性白内障消减cDNA文库.在文库中随机挑取的22个克隆中,1 000 bp以上的片段有7个,占31.8%,750 bp以上有15个,占68.2%.所得cDNA片段较大,可以满足下一步研究需要.改良消减杂交法结合选择性PCR法可以从少量标本中快速有效地获得大片段高质量的消减cDNA文库.     

水杨酸诱导湖北海棠全长cDNA文库的构建及应用

以'湖北海棠'为材料,经水杨酸处理后,用改良CTAB法提取总RNA,纯化后构建全长cDNA文库,并进行PGIP基因的克隆.结果表明:(1)提取的总RNA无降解,无污染;mRNA弥散带主要集中在500～2 000 bp左右,没有rRNA 残留.(2)ds cDNA弥散带主要分布于300～2 000 bp之间,PCR验证后片段大小分布于200～2 000 bp之间,说明合成ds cDNA质量较好,成功地构建了全长cDNA文库.(3)通过PCR从该cDNA文库中克隆了PGIP基因,命名为MhPGIP,GenBank登录号为FJ449708;其核苷酸序列及推导氨基酸序列与苹果的一致性分别为98%和97%,该序列含有两个串联的亮氨酸重复序列.综上所述,构建的全长cDNA文库质量很好,该文库的建成可以用于今后抗病新基因的挖掘、克隆和利用,为苹果抗病机理的研究奠定基础.     

东亚三角涡虫cDNA文库的构建及EST初步分析

为了快速高效地分离鉴定东亚三角涡虫的发育和再生相关基因,以总RNA为模板,借助CreatorTM SMARTTM cDNA Library Construction Kit和Advantage 2 PCR Kit成功构建了东亚三角涡虫的cDNA文库.经测定,cDNA文库原始库容为1.22×105个独立克隆,重组率超过98 %,插入片段平均大小为900 bp.从文库中随机挑选重组克隆测序,并在NCBI数据库中比对,结果获得208个rRNA基因,148个编码蛋白基因,78个染色体片段基因.该研究为我国涡虫发育和再生的深入研究奠定了坚实的分子基础.     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism