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1.
Bacterial decolorization and degradation of the reactive dye Reactive Red 180 by Citrobacter sp. CK3
Hui Wang Jian Qiang Su Xiao Wei Zheng Yun Tian Xiao Jing Xiong Tian Ling Zheng 《International biodeterioration & biodegradation》2009,63(4):395-399
A bacterial strain, CK3, with remarkable ability to decolorize the reactive textile dye Reactive Red 180, was isolated from the activated sludge collected from a textile mill. Phenotypic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence indicated that the bacterial strain belonged to the genus Citrobacter. Bacterial isolate CK3 showed a strong ability to decolorize various reactive textile dyes, including both azo and anthraquinone dyes. Anaerobic conditions with 4 g l?1 glucose, pH = 7.0 and 32 °C were considered to be the optimum decolorizing conditions. Citrobacter sp. CK3 grew well in a high concentration of dye (200 mg l?1), resulting in approximately 95% decolorization extent in 36 h, and could tolerate up to 1000 mg l?1 of dye. UV–vis analyses and colorless bacterial cells suggested that Citrobacter sp. CK3 exhibited decolorizing activity through biodegradation, rather than inactive surface adsorption. It is the first time that a bacterial strain of Citrobacter sp. has been reported with decolorizing ability against both azo and anthraquinone dyes. High decolorization extent and facile conditions show the potential for this bacterial strain to be used in the biological treatment of dyeing mill effluents. 相似文献
2.
Protocorm cultures of Dendrobium candidum were established in balloon type bubble bioreactors using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 0.5 mg l−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2.5% (w/v) sucrose, 5:25 mM NH4:NO3 and 1% (v/v) banana homogenate for the production of biomass and bioactive compounds. In 3 l bioreactor containing 2 l medium, a maximum protocorm biomass (21.0 g l−1 dry biomass) and also optimum quantities of total polysaccharides (389.3 mg g−1 DW), coumarins (18.0 mg g−1 DW), polyphenolics (11.9 mg g−1 DW), and flavonoids (4.5 mg g−1 DW) were achieved after 7 weeks of culture. Based on these studies, 5 and 10 l bioreactor cultures were established to harvest 80 g and 160 g dry biomass. In 10 l bioreactors, the protocorms grown were accumulated with optimal levels of polysaccharides (424.1 mg g−1 DW), coumarins (15.8 mg g−1 DW), polyphenols (9.03 mg g−1 DW) and flavonoids (4.7 mg g−1 DW). The bioreactor technology developed here will be useful for the production of important bioactive compounds from D. candidum. 相似文献
3.
For the first time, the investigation of Indigo carmine decolorization was done using an atypical Scytalidium thermophilum laccase. Crude and purified laccases required high temperatures and slight acidic pH to achieve maximum Indigo decolorization. Kinetic parameters (Km and kcat) of the homotrimeric laccase toward Indigo carmine were determined and laccase efficacy toward repeated dye decolorization process was studied. For the first time, 5 g l−1 as initial Indigo carmine concentration were efficiently transformed up to 50% within 6 h of incubation using 0.1 U ml−1 of laccase and without presence of any mediators. In this study, we showed that the atypical laccase transformed the indigoid dye structure, confirmed by the color changing from blue to red. This intermediate (red) was a subject to an efficient microbial consortium treatment monitored by measuring the decrease in optical density and the total organic carbon removal efficiencies. Toxicological studies via micro-toxicity test showed that the released enzymatic and adapted consortium degradation products were both non-toxic while the initial product was toxic. 相似文献
4.
《Process Biochemistry》2007,42(6):934-942
Pseudomonas luteola was immobilized by entrapment in alginate–silicate sol–gel beads for decolorization of the azo dye, Reactive Red 22. The influences of biomass loading and operating conditions on specific decolorization rate and dye removal efficiency were studied in details. The immobilized cells were found to be less sensitive to changes in agitation rates (dissolved oxygen levels) and pH values. Michaelis–Menten kinetics could be used to describe the decolorization kinetics with the kinetic parameters being 36.5 mg g−1 h−1, 300.1 mg l−1 and 18.2 mg g−1 h−1, 449.8 mg l−1 for free and immobilized cells, respectively. After five repeated batch cycles, the decolorization rate of the free cells decreased by nearly 54%, while immobilized cells still retained 82% of their original activity. The immobilized cells exhibited better thermal stability during storage and reaction when compared with free cells. From SEM observation, a dense silicate gel layer was found to surround the macroporous alginate–silicate core, which resulted in much improved mechanical stability over that of alginate beads when tested under shaking conditions. Alginate–silicate matrices appeared to be the best matrix for immobilization of P. luteola in decolorization of Reactive Red 22 when compared with previous results using synthetic or natural polymer matrices. 相似文献
5.
《Biochemical Engineering Journal》2011,53(2-3):220-226
The mono-azo dye Reactive Red 195 (RR 195) is a widely used color compound in the textile industry. As many other colors, it is persistent and difficult to be removed from water with conventional processes. The present study investigates biological decolorization of RR 195 under alternate anaerobic–aerobic conditions in a laboratory scale Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) containing a mixed culture and fed with a biodegradable carbon source. Different values of the Sludge Retention Time (SRT), Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT), influent color and organic carbon loadings were adopted during the experimental activity and their effects on color and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiencies and process kinetics determined. The optimal operating conditions were found to be: 800 mg l−1 influent COD, 50 d SRT and a 24 h-cycle. Under these conditions, the maximum color efficiency of 97% was achieved for a 40 mg l−1 RR 195 in the feed. Some inhibition was present at influent color loadings above 40 mg l−1, which was confirmed by the application of the Haldane model. 相似文献
6.
The removal of Remazol Blue and Reactive Black B by the immobilized thermophilic cyanobacterial strain Phormidium sp. was investigated under thermophilic conditions in a batch system, in order to determine the optimal conditions required for the highest dye removal. In the experiments, performed at pH 8.5, with different initial dye concentrations between 9.1 mg l−1 and 82.1 mg l−1 and at 45 °C, calcium alginate immobilized Phormidium sp. showed high dye decolorization, with maximum uptake yields ranging from 50% to 88% at all dye concentrations tested. When the effects of high dye concentrations on dye removal were investigated, the highest uptake yield in the beads was 50.3% for 82.1 mg l−1 Remazol Blue and 60.0% for 79.5 mg l−1 Reactive Black B. The highest color removal was detected at 45 °C and 50 °C incubation temperatures for all dye concentrations. As the temperature decreased, the removal yield of immobilized Phormidium sp. also decreased. At about 75 mg l−1 initial dye concentrations, the highest specific dye uptake measured was 41.29–41.17 mg g−1 for Remazol Blue and 47.69–43.82 mg g−1 for Reactive Black B at 45 °C and 50 °C incubation temperatures, respectively, after 8 days incubation. 相似文献
7.
《Process Biochemistry》2007,42(4):740-744
The conversion of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (PDO) using Klebsiella pneumoniae M5al under anaerobic condition was scaled up from scale 5 to 5000 l in series. A simple strategy for scale-up was to transfer the optimized conditions of a lab scale bioreactor to pilot-scale fermentation. Multistage inocula were developed and their fermentation abilities were assessed in a small-scale fermenter. The experimental results showed that inoculum development in the early steps of a scale-up process could influence the outcomes of a large scale fermentation. Through three-stage liquid inoculum development and a pulse addition of (NH4)2SO4 and yeast extract at 30 h of fermentation, the best results in a 5000 l fermentation were achieved leading to 58.8 g l−1 1,3-propanediol with a yield of 0.53 mol mol−1 glycerol and productivity of 0.92 g l−1 h−1. This is the first report on pilot-scale 1,3-propanediol production using K. pneumoniae. 相似文献
8.
This study aimed to improve rosmarinic acid (RA) production in the whole plant culture of Solenostemon scutellarioides through elicitation with phytopathogenic fungi. Amongst selected fungi, Aternaria alternata caused significant elevation (p < 0.05–0.01) in RA accumulation (∼1.3–1.6-fold) between 25 and 100 μg l−1. However, elicitation at the dose of 50 μg l−1 has been found to be most effective and intracellular RA content reached almost ∼1.6-fold (p < 0.01) higher in day 7. Therefore, A. alternata (50 μg l−1) was selected for mechanism evaluation. A significant elevation of intercellular jasmonic acid was observed up to day 6 after elicitation with A. alternata (50 μg l−1). A significant increase in tissue H2O2 and lipid peroxidation coupled with depletion of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase indicated augmented oxidative stress associated with biotic interaction. Preceding the elicitor-induced RA accumulation, a notable alteration in the specific activities of biosynthetic enzymes namely PAL and TAT was recorded, while, no significant change in the activities of RAS was observed. HPPR activity was slightly improved in elicited plant. Therefore, it could be concluded that A. alternata elicited the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid via signal transduction through jasmonic acid coupled with elicitor induced oxidative stress and associated mechanism. 相似文献
9.
《Process Biochemistry》2010,45(7):1036-1042
A recombinant strain of Escherichia coli with CYP102A1 gene was developed for the demethylation of colchicine into their derivatives. The CYP102A1 gene responsible for demethylation was isolated from Bacillus megaterium ACBT03 and amplified using suitable primers. The amplified product was cloned into pET28a+ expression vector using host E. coli BL21(DE3) cells. The CYP3A4 (product of CYP102A1 gene) protein expression and other parameters like substrate toxicity, product toxicity and enzyme activity were optimized in shake flasks; and further scaled-up to 5 l bioreactor with 3 l working volume. In 5 l bioreactor, dissolved oxygen (DO) was optimized for maximum specific growth and enhanced 3-demethylated colchicine (3-DMC) production. The optimized conditions from shake flasks were scaled-up to 70 l bioreactor and resulted into ∼80% conversion of 20 mM colchicine in 48 h with a volumetric productivity of 6.62 mg l−1 h−1. Scale-up factors were measured as volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) i.e., 56 h−1 and impeller tip velocity (Vtip) i.e., 7.065 m s−1, respectively. The kinetic parameters Km, kcat, and kcat/Km of the CYP3A4 enzyme using colchicine as the substrate were determined to be 271 ± 30 μM, 8533 ± 25 min−1, and 31.49 μM min−1, respectively, when IPTG induced recombinant E. coli culture was used. 相似文献
10.
《Enzyme and microbial technology》2008,42(6-7):876-880
Cheese whey powder (CWP) solution with different CWP or sugar concentrations was fermented to ethanol in a continuous fermenter using pure culture of Kluyveromyces marxianus (DSMZ 7239). Sugar concentration of the feed CWP solution varied between 55 and 200 g l−1 while the hydraulic residence time (HRT) was kept constant at 54 h. Ethanol formation, sugar utilization and biomass formation were investigated as functions of the feed sugar concentration. Percent sugar utilization and biomass concentrations decreased and the effluent sugar concentration increased with increasing feed sugar concentrations especially for the feed sugar contents above 100 g l−1. Ethanol concentration and productivity (DP) increased with increasing feed sugar up to 100 g l−1 and then decreased with further increases in the feed sugar content. The highest ethanol concentration (3.7%, v v−1) and productivity (0.54 gE l−1 h−1) were obtained with the feed sugar content of 100 g l−1 or 125 g l−1. The ethanol yield coefficient (YP/S) was also maximum (0.49 gE gS−1) when the feed sugar was between 100 and 125 g l−1. The growth yield coefficient (YX/S) decreased steadily from 0.123 to 0.063 gX gS−1 when the feed sugar increased from 55 to 200 g l−1 due to adverse effects of high sugar contents on yeast growth. The optimal feed sugar concentration maximizing the ethanol productivity and sugar utilization was between 100 and 125 g l−1 under the specified experimental conditions. 相似文献
11.
《International biodeterioration & biodegradation》2007,59(2):85-89
Enzymatic hydrolysis of corncob and ethanol fermentation from cellulosic hydrolysate were investigated. After corncob was pretreated by 1% H2SO4 at 108 °C for 3 h, the cellulosic residue was hydrolyzed by cellulase from Trichoderma reesei ZU-02 and the hydrolysis yield was 67.5%. Poor cellobiase activity in T. reesei cellulase restricted the conversion of cellobiose to glucose, and the accumulation of cellobiose caused severe feedback inhibition to the activities of β-1,4-endoglucanase and β-1,4-exoglucanase in cellulase system. Supplementing cellobiase from Aspergillus niger ZU-07 greatly reduced the inhibitory effect caused by cellobiose, and the hydrolysis yield was improved to 83.9% with enhanced cellobiase activity of 6.5 CBU g−1 substrate. Fed-batch hydrolysis process was started with a batch hydrolysis containing 100 g l−1 substrate, with cellulosic residue added at 6 and 12 h twice to get a final substrate concentration of 200 g l−1. After 60 h of reaction, the reducing sugar concentration reached 116.3 g l−1 with a hydrolysis yield of 79.5%. Further fermentation of cellulosic hydrolysate containing 95.3 g l−1 glucose was performed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae 316, and 45.7 g l−1 ethanol was obtained within 18 h. The research results are meaningful in fuel ethanol production from agricultural residue instead of grain starch. 相似文献
12.
Asymbiotic germination of immature seeds (embryos), and mature seeds and micropropagation of Spathoglottis plicata were described. Effects of three nutrition media namely, Murashige & Skoog (MS); Phytamax (PM); and Phyto-Technology orchid seed sowing medium (P723), two carbon sources such as glucose and sucrose at 2–3% (w/v), two plant growth regulators such as 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP; 0.5–3.0 mg l− 1) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA; 0.5–2.0 mg l− 1) and peptone (2.0 g l− 1) were examined on seed germination, early protocorm development and micropropagation. The maximum germination of mature seeds (95%) was recorded in PM medium supplemented with 2% (w/v) sucrose + 2.0 g l− 1 peptone. For germination of embryos P723 medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l− 1 BAP proved best. Multiple shoot buds or protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) were produced from stem segments of in vitro raised seedlings. Both direct organogenesis and embryogenesis were observed and the morphogenetic response was initiated by different concentrations and combinations of PGRs. The optimum PGR combination for maximal PLB regeneration was 1.0 mg l− 1 NAA + 2.5 mg l− 1 BAP, while 1.0 mg l− 1 NAA + 1.0 mg l− 1 BAP for shoot bud development. Strong and stout root system was induced in half strength PM medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l− 1 IAA. The well-rooted plantlets were transferred to pots containing a potting mixture composed of saw dust, coconut coir, humus, and coal pieces at 1:1:1:2 (w/w) with 80% survival in outside environment and flowered after two years of transfer. 相似文献
13.
A new fungal peroxidase (Pspd) from Perenniporia subacida was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose DE52 anionic exchange and Sepharose GL-6B chromatography, resulting in a high specific activity of 9.138 U mg−1, 3.622-fold higher than that of crude enzyme at the same level. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and UV–vis adsorption spectrum analysis showed that the purified enzyme is a heme-containing monomer with a molecular mass of 43.0 kDa. Optimal peroxidase activity was obtained at pH 5.5 and 30 °C when using 100.0 mM n-propanol as substrate, and under these conditions, the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) is 1.57 s−1 μM−1. Pspd was inhibited by l-cysteine, dithiothreitol, EDTA and sodium azide, but stimulated by Mn2+, Na+, Mg2+ and K+. The enzyme is stable over a broad pH range of 7.0–8.5 after incubation for 72 h, which indicated that the enzyme is lasting alkaline-tolerant. It was worth noting that the chloride at relatively low concentrations can enhance the peroxidase activity, with concomitant increase in substrate affinity. Additionally, Pspd performed high decolorization capability toward structurally various dyes and the capability was independent of the oxidizing mediators, with 75.31% of Neutral Red (50.0 mg L−1) being decolorized by 1.5 U mL−1 pure enzyme after incubation for 72 h. These properties demonstrated that Pspd has potentials for textile dyes decolorization applications. 相似文献
14.
Xudong Li Rong Jia Pingsheng Li Shasha Ang 《Journal of Molecular Catalysis .B, Enzymatic》2009,56(1):1-6
The enzymatic decolorization process of manganese peroxidase (MnP) is a complex system, which is greatly affected by the concentrations of H2O2, Mn2+, dye and enzyme. This work aimed to study these factors and investigate the combined interactions between them by applying response surface methodology (RSM) for decolorization of Congo red with MnP from Schizophyllum sp. F17, meanwhile conventional one-factor-at-a-time analysis was carried out. Through the one-factor-at-a-time analysis the optimized H2O2, Mn2+, Congo red and MnP extract was 0.2 mM, 0.5 mM, 50 mg/l and 0.8 ml, respectively, and the maximum decolorization attained under such conditions was 24.2%. Response surface analysis was conducted through Box–Behnken design and a second-order polynomial model (R2 = 0.8565) was generated to describe the combined effect and the interactions quantificationally. ANOVA analysis indicated that the interactions between H2O2 and MnP, between dye and MnP were significant; the optimum condition through RSM was found to be 0.35 mM H2O2, 0.5 mM Mn2+, 75 mg/l Congo red and 1.4 ml MnP extract, for maximum decolorization of 30.8%. 相似文献
15.
Bella Devassy Tony Dinesh Goyal Sunil Khanna 《International biodeterioration & biodegradation》2009,63(4):462-469
The decolorization potential of two bacterial consortia developed from a textile wastewater treatment plant showed that among the two mixed bacterial culture SKB-II was the most efficient in decolorizing individual as well as mixture of dyes. At 1.3 g L?1 starch supplementation in the basal medium by the end of 120 h decolorization of 80–96% of four out of the six individual azo dyes Congo red, Bordeaux, Ranocid Fast Blue and Blue BCC (10 mg L?1) was noted. The culture exhibited good potential ability in decolorizing 50–60% of all the dyes (Congo red, Bordeaux, Ranocid Fast Blue and Blue BCC) when present as a mixture at 10 mg L?1. The consortium SKB-II consisted of five different bacterial types identified by 16S rDNA sequence alignment as Bacillus vallismortis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium which were further tested to decolorize dyes. The efficient ability of this developed consortium SKB-II to decolorize individual dyes and textile effluent using packed bed reactors is being carried out. 相似文献
16.
《Process Biochemistry》2010,45(2):164-170
A pilot-scale (1.2 m3) anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (ASBBR) containing mineral coal for biomass attachment was fed with sulfate-rich wastewater at increasing sulfate concentrations. Ethanol was used as the main organic source. Tested COD/sulfate ratios were of 1.8 and 1.5 for sulfate loading rates of 0.65–1.90 kgSO42−/cycle (48 h-cycle) or of 1.0 in the trial with 3.0 gSO42− l−1. Sulfate removal efficiencies observed in all trials were as high as 99%. Molecular inventories indicated a shift on the microbial composition and a decrease on species diversity with the increase of sulfate concentration. Beta-proteobacteria species affiliated with Aminomonas spp. and Thermanaerovibrio spp. predominated at 1.0 gSO42− l−1. At higher sulfate concentrations the predominant bacterial group was Delta-proteobacteria mainly Desulfovibrio spp. and Desulfomicrobium spp. at 2.0 gSO42− l−1, whereas Desulfurella spp. and Coprothermobacter spp. predominated at 3.0 gSO42− l−1. These organisms have been commonly associated with sulfate reduction producing acetate, sulfide and sulfur. Methanogenic archaea (Methanosaeta spp.) was found at 1.0 and 2.0 gSO42− l−1. Additionally, a simplified mathematical model was used to infer on metabolic pathways of the biomass involved in sulfate reduction. 相似文献
17.
《Process Biochemistry》2007,42(2):279-284
Cell immobilization techniques were adopted to biohydrogen production using immobilized anaerobic sludge as the seed culture. Sucrose-based synthetic wastewater was converted to H2 using batch and continuous cultures. A novel composite polymeric material comprising polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), collagen, and activated carbon was used to entrap biomass for H2 production. Using the PMMA immobilized cells, the favorable conditions for batch H2 fermentation were 35 °C, pH 6.0, and an 20 g COD l−1 of sucrose, giving a H2 production rate of 238 ml h−1 l−1 and a H2 yield of 2.25 mol H2 mol sucrose−1. Under these optimal conditions, continuous H2 fermentation was conducted at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4–8 h, giving the best H2-producing rate of 1.8 l h−1 l−1 (over seven-fold of the best batch result) at a HRT of 6 h and a H2 yield of 2.0 mol H2 mol sucrose−1. The sucrose conversion was essentially over 90% in all runs. The biogas consisted of only H2 and CO2. The major soluble metabolites were butyric acid, acetic acid, and 2,3-butandiol, while a small amount of ethanol also detected. The PMMA-immobilized-cell system developed in this work seems to be a promising H2-producing process due to the high stability in continuous operations and the capability of achieving a competitively high H2 production rate under a relatively low organic loading rate. 相似文献
18.
To maintain long-term lignin-degrading enzyme production under non-sterile conditions was a key to the technical application of white rot fungi in wastewater treatment. In this work, a novel open fungal reactor system with ozone as the bactericide, and using immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium, was built and operated continuously to produce the manganese peroxidase and decolorize the Acid Blue 45. The results showed that an average of 84% Acid Blue 45 decolorization, the manganese peroxidase production with its activity ranging from 63 U L−1 to 5 U L−1, was achieved during about 25 days system continuous operation. The contaminating bacteria in the reactor can be controlled at a level of 4.65 × 104 CFU ml−1 that did not adversely affect the fungal activity. The result of this study provides a new practical way for future design and operation of white-rot fungi reactor under non-sterile conditions. 相似文献
19.
《Process Biochemistry》2007,42(4):686-692
Pseudomonas putida 33 wild strain, subjected to gamma ray mutagenesis and designated as P. putida 300-B mutant was used as microbial rhamnolipid-producer by using distant carbon sources (viz. hydrocarbons, waste frying oils ‘WFOs’, vegetable oil refinery wastes and molasses) in the minimal media under shake flask conditions. The behavior of glucose as co-substrate and growth initiator was examined. The 300-B mutant strain showed its ability to grow on all the substrates tested and produced rhamnolipid surfactants to different extents however; soybean and corn WFOs were observed to be preferred carbon sources followed by kerosene and paraffin oils, respectively. The best cell biomass (3.5 g l−1) and rhamnolipids yield (4.1 g l−1) were obtained with soybean WFO as carbon source and glucose as growth initiator under fed-batch cultivation showing an optimum specific growth rate (μ) of 0.272 h−1, specific product yield (qp) of 0.318 g g−1 h and volumetric productivity (PV) of 0.024 g l−1 h. The critical micelle concentration of its culture supernatant was observed to be 91 mg rhamnolipids l−1 and surface tension as 31.2 mN m−1. 相似文献
20.
《Enzyme and microbial technology》2005,36(5-6):700-705
The mixed cultures has been isolated from industrial saline wastewater contaminated with chromium(VI), using enrichment in the presence of 50 mg l−1 chromium(VI) and 4% (w/v) NaCl at pH 8. In this study, the molasses (M) medium was selected a suitable medium for the effective chromium bioaccumulation by the mixed cultures. Eleven pure isolates obtained from mixed cultures and some of them showed high bioaccumulation in the M media containing about 100 mg l−1 chromium(VI) and 4% NaCl. The strain 8 (99.3%) and 10 (99.1%) were able to bioaccumulate more efficient than the mixed culture (98.9%) in this media. But the highest specific Cr uptake was obtained by the mixed cultures followed by strain 8 and 10 with 56.71, 33.14 and 21.7 mg g−1, respectively. Bioaccumulation of chromium(VI) ions by the strain 8 growing in the media with chromium(VI) and NaCl was studied in a batch system as a function of initial chromium(VI) (86.6–547.6 mg l−1) and NaCl (0, 2, 4, 6% w/v) concentrations. During all the experiments, the uptake yield of the strain 8 was highly affected from NaCl concentrations in the medium at high initial chromium(VI) concentrations. But at low chromium(VI) concentration, strain 8 was not affected from NaCl concentrations in the medium. The maximum uptake yield were obtained in the M media with 2% NaCl as 98.8% for 110.0 mg l−1, 98.6% for 217.1 mg l−1, 98.6% for 381.7 mg l−1 and 98.2% for 547.6 mg l−1 initial chromium(VI) concentrations. The strain 8 tolerated a 6% (w/v) NaCl concentration was able to bioaccumulate more than 95% of the applied chromium(VI) at the 97.6–224.4 mg l−1 initial chromium(VI) concentrations. The results presented in this paper was shown that these pure and mixed cultures might be of use for the bioaccumulation of chromium(VI) from saline wastewater. 相似文献