根癌农杆菌介导的乙肝表面抗原基因对烟草的转化

构建了植物表达载体pBRSAg,该载体具有完整的植物表达元件,CaMV35S启动子、农杆菌T-DNA左右边界、植物报告基因gus和植物选择标记基因hpt,适用于农杆菌的转化;通过冻融法将重组质粒pBRSAg转入根癌农杆菌LBA4404中,利用农杆菌介导法转化烟草叶盘,经筛选培养获得烟草植株。抗性植株经GUS染色和PCR检测为阳性,初步表明乙肝表面抗原基因在烟草中得到表达。     

两种质粒中gus基因在植物细胞和根癌农杆菌中的表达特性研究

以含有基因转化操作过程中常用的两种质粒载体pBI121和pCAMBIA2301的根癌农杆菌EHA105为材料,分别转化甜瓜子叶,应用组织化学方法检测了甜瓜子叶和子叶培养后的愈伤组织及根癌农杆菌菌液的瞬时转化效果,研究了两种不同的质粒载体上所含的gus基因在根癌农杆菌中和植物细胞中的表达特性.结果表明,不同质粒载体上所含的gus基因的表达特性不同,质粒载体pBI121上所含的gus基因既能在植物细胞中能表达,也能在根癌农杆菌细胞中表达,而质粒载体pCAMBIA2301上所含的gus基因能在植物细胞中表达,但是不能在根癌农杆菌细胞中表达.     

植物源内含子对GUS基因表达模式的影响

采用报告基因的瞬间表达来优化转化体系是提高农杆菌介导法转化效率的重要手段,GUS以稳定、易于定性定量分析等独特优点成为瞬间表达体系的首选。pCaMV 35S启动下的GUS基因可在农杆菌中表达,另外还首次报道该嵌合基因同时也可在大肠杆菌中高效表达。为避免GUS基因在农杆菌中的表达对瞬间表达体系的影响,一拟南芥蛋白基因的内含子被插入到GUS基因的编码区,进而构建了含内含子的GUS植物表达载体pBI121-GUSint。组织化学染色结果表明,GUSint在农杆菌中没有表达,而在接种3d的油菜中可高效瞬间表达,其中在子叶柄（带子叶）中瞬间表达率高达100%,这一方面证实载体构建成功,另一方面也为进一步优化油菜及其它芸薹属植物转化体系及在油菜中快速研究目的基因的功能和表达调控模式奠定了基础。     

农杆菌vir基因诱导因子研究进展

在众多遗传转化法中,农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导法以易操作、低费用、插入片段明确、拷贝数低等独特优点成为植物遗传转化的首选。然而,至今仍有许多物种不能被农杆菌转化。研究表明,农杆菌的转化能力是由位于染色体基因组之外Ti质粒上的vir基因决定的。在所有vir基因中,除virA和virG组成型表达外,其它vir基因的表达均需酚类化合物的诱导;糖类物质可增强酚类化合物对vir基因的诱导;低磷酸和酸性pH环境也可促进vir基因的诱导表达。文章论述了酚类化合物、糖类物质、低磷酸、酸性pH和培养温度等因素对农杆菌vir基因诱导表达的影响,以期为更好地利用这一天然载体及为提高转化效率提供依据。     

大白菜抗软腐病基因BrWRKY33植物表达载体的构建

利用农杆菌侵染法获得抗软腐病转BrWRKY33基因大白菜,首先要构建植物表达载体。本实验根据BrWRKY33基因的序列及pROK2表达载体的酶切位点设计引物(FN/RN),获得BrWRKY33基因,然后将该基因连接到克隆载体pGEM-TEasy,重新构建了克隆载体T-WRKY。经测序及酶切验证,选取PCR反应中错配率最低的产物,构建了表达载体pROK2-WRKY,并将该表达载体转入到根癌农杆菌EHA105中,并对其转化子进行了鉴定。结果表明,PCR扩增获得目的基因BrWRKY33全长约1443bp,PCR及酶切结果鉴定表明克隆载体T-WRKY已经重新构建成功。表达载体的PCR及BamHⅠ和KpnⅠ双酶切鉴定表明有4个重组子表现阳性,表明目的基因已经插入到pROK2表达载体,表达载体构建成功。PCR鉴定表明表达载体pROK2-WRKY已经转入根癌农杆菌EHA105中。本实验结果将为进一步研究大白菜抗软腐病基因的转化奠定基础。     

辣椒CaNPR1-RNAi表达载体的 构建及其对辣椒的转化

从辣椒中克隆到一个与拟南芥系统获得抗性正调节基因NPR1同源的CaNPR1基因的全长cDNA。辣椒CaNPR1基因与拟南芥NPR1基因在mRNA水平上同源性为62.9%,两者的编码产物一致性为49·7%,相似性为65.7%。为鉴定该基因的功能,构建了一个以CaNPR1基因为靶基因的RNA干涉辣椒表达载体pCaNPR1-RNAi,并用根癌农杆菌介导法转化辣椒桂研五号,共获得了6株卡那霉素抗性再生苗,经Southern杂交证实,这些再生苗均为转基因植株,为进一步鉴定该基因的功能奠定了基础。     

黄瓜花叶病毒香蕉株系衣壳蛋白转基因烟草的研究

构了侵染香蕉的黄瓜花叶病毒两个株系的衣壳蛋白基因的植物表达载体,并通过农杆菌共培养法的基因枪法,分别将两个株系的ＣＰ基因转化入了两种烟草植株。其ＣＰ基因转化频率及植株再生率研究结果表明,农杆菌共培养法比基因枪法,土耳其烟比本生烟,农杆菌１：１０倍稀释液比培养原液和１：１００倍稀释液,具有更高的转化频率和植株再生能力。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｍ ｂｌｏｔ,ＰＣＲ－Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｍ ｂｏｌｔ检测ＣＰ基因整合研究结果     

人干扰素α-2b基因植物表达载体的构建及转化

目的:通过构建人干扰素α-2b(hIFNα-2b)基因的植物表达载体,为后期将其导入胡萝卜愈伤组织中作准备。方法:采用PCR技术从人基因组DNA扩增hIFNα-2b编码基因及全长基因,将其克隆于pMD19-T载体中,双酶切hIFNα-2b基因及植物表达载体pBI121,回收目的片段,T4DNA连接酶连接得到植物表达载体pBI121-hIFN。采用三亲交配法将后者导入根瘤农杆菌。结果:经PCR检测,双酶切及DNA序列测定表明hIFNα-2b编码基因及全长基因已分别插入植物表达载体pBI121中,重组表达载体pBI121-IFN已成功转化根瘤农杆菌LBA 4404。结论:成功构建了植物表达载体pBI121-hIFN并转入根瘤农杆菌。     

金花茶查尔酮合成酶基因CnCHS的克隆及遗传转化研究

根据已发表的金花茶查尔酮合成酶(chalcone synthase,CHS)基因(CnCHS)序列设计全长扩增引物,以金花茶花瓣总cDNA为模板进行PCR扩增,成功获得了该基因cDNA全长。将扩增所得全长产物连接PMD18-T载体后转化大肠杆菌E.coli DH5α,提取质粒后经酶切、测序鉴定后,将其与双元表达载体pCAMBIA1300连接,成功构建了CnCHS基因的正义表达载体pCAM-CnCHS。将该重组表达载体转化农杆菌EHA105后,利用农杆菌介导法将CnCHS基因转入烟草,获得转基因烟草18株。利用PCR法及Southern blotting对所获得的转基因植株进行鉴定,结果显示CnCHS基因成功整合到烟草基因组中,阳性率达67%,并获得了单拷贝转基因植株。这些结果表明本研究成功构建了金花茶CnCHS基因对烟草的遗传转化体系,为深入研究CnCHS基因的功能及其对花色的调控效应奠定了基础。     

灵芝-8基因的番茄果实特异性启动子植物表达载体的构建

构建含有灵芝-8（LZ-8）基因和番茄果实特异性E8启动子的重组载体,并将其转化到根瘤农杆菌中。通过PCR法获取LZ-8基因和E8启动子序列,将目的基因和E8启动子序列构建到植物表达载体pBI121中,获得果实特异性表达LZ-8蛋白的重组质粒。并采用PCR、限制性内切酶酶切和序列测定分析法,对重组质粒进行鉴定,将其转入根瘤农杆菌GV3101中。PCR法、限制性内切酶酶切图谱和序列测定分析均表明番茄果实特异性表达LZ-8蛋白的重组质粒构建成功。获得了含有LZ-8基因和E8启动子的重组质粒,并成功转化根瘤农杆菌,为下一步LZ-8蛋白在番茄果实中特异表达奠定基础。     

抗冻蛋白(afp)基因表达载体的构建及对香蕉胚性细胞悬浮系的转化

通过PCR从‘京都七寸人参'胡萝卜基因组DNA中扩增抗冻蛋白基因,测序结果表明该基因的核苷酸序列与从宁夏‘吴忠'胡萝卜中克隆的完全一致。先后将获得的胡萝卜afp基因克隆和亚克隆至pMD18-T和pBI121,构建植物表达载体pBI121-afp。通过冻融法将pBI121-afp导入根癌农杆菌EHA105中。以香蕉栽培品种‘北大矮蕉'的胚性细胞悬浮系为受体,采用农杆菌介导法将胡萝卜afp基因导入其中,然后在Kanamycin的选择压力下通过体细胞胚发生途径进行植株再生。共获得抗性再生植株9株,其中两株经PCR检测呈阳性,可初步确定目的基因已经整合到这两株转基因香蕉植株的基因组中。     

霍乱肠毒素B亚单位在转基因番茄中表达的研究

将霍乱肠毒素B亚单位（CT－B）基因及内质网引导序列（SEKDEL）克隆到质粒pRTL2和pBI121中,分别构建植物双元表达载体pBI-CTB和pBI-CTBK,CT-B基因由Ca35S启动子控制表达。采用叶盘法经根癌农杆菌介导转化番茄（金丰1号,Jinfeng1)各表达载体得到一批转基因植株。经PCR和Southern blot分析表明CT－B基因整合到了番茄基因组中;ELISA和Western blot分析表明pBI-CTB和pBI-CTBK的转基因植株能够有效表达CT－B多肽,分别占番茄叶片可溶性蛋白的0.055%和0.084%。     

影响农杆菌转化效率的植物因子H2A1基因的克隆、序列分析及其植物表达载体的构建

拟南芥组蛋白H2A1是影响农杆菌T-DNA整合到宿主基因组的关键因素之一。与其它H2A组蛋白一样,它含有1个保守的H2A结构域。本研究利用PCP技术从拟南芥中成功扩增到H2A1基因组序列的全长。产物纯化后克隆到pBI121(Kmr),从而构建了H2A1的植物表达载体pBI121-H2A1。PCR和DNA测序证实载体构建成功。最后用电击法将该重组质粒导入根癌农杆菌LBA4404菌株中形成工程菌。此表达载体的构建为进一步研究H2A1的功能和提高外源基因在植物中稳定表达水平奠定了基础。     

甜味蛋白thaumatin基因转入烟草的研究

利用基因工程技术 ,将分别克隆在两个不同载体上的甜味蛋白 thaum atin c DNA基因片段连接成一个完整的 c DNA基因 ,并将该基因克隆进 p BI12 1,构建成表达载体 p BI12 1- tha.通过冻融法导入农杆菌 ,农杆菌介导叶盘法转入烟草 ,经过组培 ,得到转基因的植株 .提取转基因烟草总 DNA,经 PCR,PCR- Southern和 Southern杂交证实 ,甜味蛋白基因已整合到烟草基因组中 .RT- PCR结果证明 ,thaumatin基因已在转基因烟草中转录成 m RNA,但SDS- PAGE和甜味尝试都表明 thaumatin基因在转基因烟草中没有表达出甜味蛋白     

橡胶树白粉菌(HO-73)启动子WY172不同长度片段的克隆及表达活性分析

旨在克隆橡胶树白粉菌启动子WY172及其上游2K序列上4个不同长度缺失片段,以分析启动子各片段的表达活性。基于实验室前期研究基础,以WY172上游2K序列作为研究对象进行渐变缺失突变,得到4个不同长度的可能具有启动子活性的片段,结合WY172,选用pBI121载体作为骨架,分别替换GUS基因前的CaMV35S启动子,并分别构建重组表达载体,通过ATMT法转化农杆菌;利用GUS染色法和酶活性检测,分析WY172启动子及不同长度片段的酶活性。分别构建了pBI121-WY172、pBI121-WY172Q、pBI121-WY172Q1、pBI121-WY172Q2、pBI121-WY172Q3共5个重组的植物表达载体,所有植物表达载体烟草瞬时表达GUS染色均有蓝色出现,且蓝色程度均强于阳性对照CaMV35S启动子,其中pBI121-WY172Q3的GUS染色相对最深;GUS酶活性测定结果显示所有缺失突变片段都具有调控基因表达的启动子活性,且启动活性均强于CaMV35S启动子,WY172Q3调控GUS基因表达的活性最高。因此我们判断WY172及其上游2K序列上4个不同长度缺失片段均具有启动子活性,其中以WY172Q3启动子片段的表达活性最强。     

Cotransformation of aspen and birch with three T-DNA regions from two different replicons in one Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain

The cointegration rate into the aspen and birch genomes of foreign genes from a binary vector and a disarmed Ti plasmid pCBE21 carried by the same Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain was studied. The cotransformation rate for the genes within the Ti plasmid varied from 30 to 100%; while the transformation rate for the gene from T(L) region was twofold higher as compared with the T(R) region. On the average, the gene transfer from all three T-DNAs was recorded in 10.9% of the transgenic lines. For the vector pBI121, the cotransformation rates for the genes from both regions of pCBE21 T-DNA were higher as compared with the vector pGS. In addition, a concurrent transfer of the genes from the Ti plasmid T(L) and T(R) regions was recorded only after the transformation with the vector pBI121. These results can be used for constructing woody plants containing several genes.     

Cotransformation of aspen and birch with three T-DNA regions from two different replicons in one <Emphasis Type="Italic">Agrobacterium tumefaciens</Emphasis> strain

The cointegration rate into the aspen and birch genomes of foreign genes from a binary vector and a disarmed Ti plasmid pCBE21 carried by the same Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain was studied. The cotransformation rate for the genes within the Ti plasmid varied from 30 to 100%; while the transformation rate for the gene from T_L region was twofold higher as compared with the T_R region. On the average, the gene transfer from all three T-DNAs was recorded in 10.9% of the transgenic lines. For the vector pBI121, the cotransformation rates for the genes from both regions of pCBE21 T-DNA were higher as compared with the vector pGS. In addition, a concurrent transfer of the genes from the Ti plasmid T_L and T_R regions was recorded only after the transformation with the vector pBI121. These results can be used for constructing woody plants containing several genes.     

Expression of recombinant Digitalis lanata EHRH. cardenolide 16′-O-glucohydrolase in Cucumis sativus L. hairy roots

The coding sequence for the Digitalis lanata EHRH. cardenolide 16′-O-glucohydrolase was inserted downstream of the 35S promoter in the binary vector pBI121 resulting in plant expression vector pBI121cgh. Cotyledon explants excised from 10-day-old seedlings of Cucumis sativus L. were transformed using Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834 harbouring pBI121cgh. Hairy roots were obtained from infected cotyledon explants in vitro 10 days after inoculation. PCR amplification of coding sequences for cgh I, rolB and rolC from Ri plasmid showed that the aimed sequences were inserted into the genome of transformed cucumber hairy roots. Glycolytic activity of the transgenic CGH I was measured by HPLC using Lanatoside glycosides as substrate. Therefore, the cgh I transformed cucumber hairy roots may provide a valuable model for biotransformation of natural compounds by recombinant enzymes.This report is dedicated to Prof. W. Roos on the occasion of his 60th birthday.     

Insertional mutagenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana: increase of germinating seeds transformation efficiency after sonication

An efficient procedure of transforming Arabidopsis thaliana germinating seeds was elaborated on the basis of the method of Feldmann and Marks. The procedure involves microdamaging T1 seeds by sonication before culturing with a vector Agrobacterium strain and yields more than 1% T2 transformants. Germinating seeds were transformed with Agrobacterium timefaciens hypervirulent strain A281 carrying plasmid pLD3 derived from pBI121. A collection of 54 A. thaliana T2 transformants was obtained; some of them showed marked morphological alterations. The transgenic nature of plants that acquired resistance to a marker antibiotic was confirmed histochemically and by PCR amplification of a T-DNA region.     

Chitinase gene transformation through Agrobacteriumand its explanation in soybean in order to induce resistance to root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani

Chitinase gene (chi) of bean which has been cloned in recombinant binary plasmid vector, pBI121 with 35s promoter of Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), were used for transformation of soybean using strain LBA4404 of Agrobacterium. The plasmid contained nptII gene that is a resistant gene to kanomycin as selector marker and Gus gene as reporter. Cotyledon explants of Williams and Clark cultivars were inoculated by Agrobacterium suspension with pBI121 and were cultured in regeneration medium. After complete regeneration of explants to seedling in B5 medium amended with kanomycin, polymerase chain reaction analysis were conducted to ensure conjugation of nptII, Gus, CHN genes in transformants seedling of soybean. Results showed that some lines of soybean contained Gus and CHN genes. More ever, chitinase activity in leaf extract of transformed soybean lines was significantly more than untransformed soybean, exception one sample. Bioassay of chitinase activity of transgenic lines on in vitro condition prevented mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani in comparison with untransformed control leaf extract.