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生物催化立体选择性氧化还原中存在问题及其发展策略 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以立体选择性氧化还原酶或其全细胞催化的不对称氧化还原反应已经成为转化光学活性手性醇及其他手性化合物的有效手段。然而,生物催化氧化还原反应体系存在着催化活性与专一性、反应体系与催化稳定性等生物催化剂所固有的局限性问题,而且,生物氧化还原反应必需辅酶及其再生问题也是限制该转化途径产业化应用的一个重要因素。围绕上述生物催化立体选择性氧化还原中存在的关键问题,现代分子生物技术及反应工程的不断突破和发展为改善生物催化立体选择性氧化还原在催化剂本身和反应工程方面的局限性提供了有效的发展策略,为其进一步大规模产业应用提供了发展基础。 相似文献
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由水解酶催化的酯的对映体选择性水解和醇解反应 ,已在外消旋物质的拆分中得到广泛应用[1 ] 。近年来的一些研究表明 ,某些水解酶还可催化一些非天然酰基受体的转化 ,如过氧化氢、烷基胺、联胺和氨等。这些非天然酰基受体的转化反应在多肽的合成及手性化合物的拆分中显示出巨大的应用前景。其中 ,以氨为酰基受体的酶促氨解反应 ,是继酶促对映体选择性水解、酯化及转酯反应之后的另一制备光学纯化合物的新反应[2 ] 。目前国际上对这一新反应的研究尚属起步 ,国内未见有对该反应研究的报道。(D ,L) 苯甘氨酸是半合成 β 内酰胺类抗生素的重… 相似文献
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脂肪酶活性和选择性受溶剂不同物化参数控制 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用假单胞菌脂肪酶在不同溶剂中催化辛酸与外消旋2-辛醇间的不对称酯合成反应时发现,酶的催化活性和对映选择性分别受溶剂不同物化参数的影响。前乾与溶剂疏水性有较发孤相关关系;而后者与介电常数和偶极矩关联较好。通过反动力学研究和由此提出孤脂麦活性中心结构模型对上述现象作了合理的解释。 相似文献
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高对映选择性环氧化物水解酶产生菌的筛选及特性研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
从土壤中分离的芽孢杆菌Bacillus megaterium ECU1001所产五氧化物水解酶能高对映选择性水解缩水甘油苯基醚(对映选择率E值可达47.8),当转化率为55.9%时,剩余的(S)-缩水甘油苯基醚的光学纯度(对映体过量值,ee)可达99.5%;当底物浓度提高到60mmol/L时,光学纯(S)-缩水基油苯基醚的收率达到25.6%。 相似文献
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植物与手性化合物的对映体选择性相互作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
植物与手性化合物存在着非常密切的联系.一方面,植物分泌、合成的一些手性化合物,如糖甙、酶、萜类化合物、有机酸及植物激素等,在植物的生理生化过程中起着重要的作用;另一方面,人工合成的手性化合物尤其是农药等环境污染物与植物具有对映体选择性相互作用,它们或是选择性地抑制植物的生长和生理过程,或是被植物选择性地吸收和代谢.因此,在开发、生产和使用手性化合物时需要考虑植物与对映体之间的选择性因素;同时,合理利用植物对手性污染物进行环境修复也具有重要意义.本文对植物与手性化合物相互作用中的对映体选择性进行了综述,并对手性污染物的植物修复进行了展望. 相似文献
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磷酸盐生物还原反应可用于生物除磷。将猪粪与一种厌氧污泥按质量比4:1混合作为接种物进行分批培养实验,考察培养始末总磷浓度的变化,从而研究厌氧生物除磷的条件。结果表明,在分批培养中,葡萄糖和蛋白胨分别是厌氧生物除磷的良好碳源和氮源;适宜的初始pH6.50,适宜的培养温度36℃。 相似文献
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生物催化与生物转化研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
由于生物催化过程具有高效、高选择性、条件温和、环境友好等优点,因此成为可持续发展过程中替代和拓展传统有机化学合成的重要方法。近两年的进展集中于新生物催化剂的发现和改造,以及将生物催化和生物转化应用于工业过程的探索,包括开发新的反应体系,新的固定化方法等。可以预见,在医药中间体等高附加值化工产品的生产过程中,生物催化和生物转化的应用将呈现加速增长趋势。 相似文献
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T. Rojanarata D. Isarangkul S. Wiyakrutta V. Meevootisom 《Biocatalysis and Biotransformation》2013,31(3):195-201
An isolated and immobilised aminotransferase cloned from Pseudomonas stutzeri ST-201 into Escherichia coli was used to synthesise d-phenylglycine. The reaction was characterised by an unfavourable equilibrium constant and substrate inhibition. The use of a controlled-release system via the use of Amberlite (IRA 400)-adsorbed benzoylformate proved a useful technique to circumvent these issues. This resulted in a four-fold improvement in product concentration achievable to yield a final d-phenylglycine concentration of 10.25 mg/ml. 相似文献
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Whole-cell biocatalysis in organic media 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
R. Len P. Fernandes H. M. Pinheiro J. M. S. Cabral 《Enzyme and microbial technology》1998,23(7-8):483-500
The use of water-immiscible organic solvents in whole-cell biocatalysis has been exploited for biotransformations involving sparingly water-soluble or toxic compounds. These systems can overcome the problem of low productivity levels in conventional media due to poor substrate solubility, integrate bioconversion and product recovery in a single reactor, and shift chemical equilibria enhancing yields and selectivities; nevertheless, the selection of a solvent combining adequate physicochemical properties with biocompatibility is a difficult task. The cell membrane seems to be the primary target of solvent action and the modification of its characteristics the more relevant cellular adaptation mechanism to organic solvent-caused stress. Correlations between the cellular toxicity or the extractive capacities of different solvents and some of their physical properties have been proposed in order to minimize preliminary, solvent-selection experimental work but also to help in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of toxicity and extraction. The use of whole cells in organic-media biocatalysis provides a way to regenerate cofactors and carry out bioconversions or fermentations requiring multi-step metabolic pathways; some processes already are commercially exploited. Immobilization can further protect cells from solvent toxicity, and has thus been effectively used in organic solvent-based systems. Several examples of extractive fermentations and other whole-cell bioconversions in organic media are presented. 相似文献
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野生型生物催化剂对于其天然底物通常具有较好的反应活性和选择性,但生物催化剂在有机合成中应用时多数情况下是非天然底物,这就要求对野生型生物催化剂进行改造,以提高其对非天然底物的反应活性、稳定性和选择性(包括区域选择性和立体选择性)。以下根据酶催化剂的类型总结了近几年来通过基因工程改变生物催化剂的立体选择性的最新进展,盼望起到抛砖引玉的作用,以此促进我国在这一领域的快速发展。 相似文献
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Enabling multienzyme biocatalysis using nanoporous materials 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Multistep reactions catalyzed by a covalently immobilized enzyme-cofactor-enzyme system were achieved. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), and cofactor NADH were incorporated into two porous silica glass supports. One of the glass supports had pores of 30 nm in diameter, while the other was of 100-nm pore size. Effective shuttling of the covalently bound NADH between LDH and GDH was achieved, such that regeneration cycles of NADH/NAD(+) were observed. The glass of 30-nm pore size afforded enzyme activities that were about twice those observed for the glass of 100-nm pore size, indicating the former provided better enzyme-cofactor integration. The effect of the size of spacers was also examined. The use of longer spacers increased the reaction rates by approximately 18 times as compared to those achieved with glutaraldehyde linkage. It appeared that the concave configuration of the nanopores played an important role in enabling the multistep reactions. The same multienzyme system immobilized on nonporous polystyrene particles of 500-nm diameter was only approximately 2% active as the glass-supported system. It is believed that the nanoporous structure of the glass supports enhances the molecular interactions among the immobilized enzymes and cofactor, thus improving the catalytic efficiency of the system. 相似文献